ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”
ืชืงื•ืคืชื• ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื
ืžืงื•ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ
ื“ื•ืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”
ื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื”
ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืจืžื™ื”
ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจ ื–ื‘ื™ื“ื

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจื ืืจืฆื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ื•ืœื˜, ืžื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื”. ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื”, ื•ืขืกืง ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” (ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื’ื“ื”). ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืชื•ืืจ ืž"ืชืงื™ืคื™ ืืจืขื ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ".

ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืจืžื™ื”,‏[1] ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืœื[2][3] ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื›ื™ ื’ื ืฉืžืข ืžืจื‘ื™ ื–ื™ืจื.‏[4] ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื’ื™ืœ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ืชื‘ืœื˜ ื‘ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื• ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื”ื• ื›ื™ื‘ื“ ืื•ืชื• ื›ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•‏[5]

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืจ ื–ื‘ื™ื“ื, ื•ื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื›ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ื•ื‘ื ื™-ืคืœื•ื’ืชื ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™. ื”ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืžื“ื• ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™, ืืœื ื’ื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืขื™ืกืงื™ื™ื (ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ) ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”ื,‏[6] ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื• ื™ื—ื“ ืจื‘ื•ืช; ื›ืš ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื‘ื™ืงืจื• ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ืจื‘ื™ ืื—ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืœื”,‏[7] ื•ื”ืœื›ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืœื ื—ื ืืช ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ื”ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื‘ืœ.‏[8] ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื›ืฉืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืžืข ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื ืคื˜ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืฆื ืœืื•ืจืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื.‏[9]

ื›ืืฉืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื ืคื˜ืจ, ื‘ื ื•, ืจื‘ื™ ืžื ื, ืฉืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื, ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื”, ืœืฆื“ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™.

ืžืฉื ืชื•[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ืฉื ืืช ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื™ืกื•ืงื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉื ืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื, ื”ืกื‘ืจืช ืœืฉื•ื ื” ื•ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืกื™ืจืช ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื. ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ื“ ื•ืคืœืคื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืฆื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืคืจื—ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื”, ืืš ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืžืจ: "ื ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืง ืื•ืœืคื ื ื•ื ื™ื™ืชื™ ืœืŸ ืœืžืชื ื™ืชื".‏[10] ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืฉื•ืžืขื™ื•. ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ, ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™.‏[11] ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช, ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื˜ ืœื•ื™, ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื - ืจื‘ื™ ืื—ื ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืœื - ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืžืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘: "ืœึธืชึตืช ืžึฐื ึธืช ื”ึทื›ึนึผื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื”ึทืœึฐื•ึดื™ึดึผื ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึถื—ึถื–ึฐืงื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืจึทืช ื”'" (ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘', ืคืจืง ืœ"ื“, ื').‏[12] ืœืคื™ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืื—ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ืœื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื.‏[13] ืœืคื™ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืื—ืจืช, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื’ื–ืจืช ืขื–ืจื ืฉืœื ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืžื ืขื• ืžืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืขืฉืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืขื ื™, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื”ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื— ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘.‏[14]

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื”, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™, ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ืœืืคื•ืช ืœื—ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืจื“ ื’ืืœื•ืก, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ืคืฉ, ื•ืงื‘ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืฉืขืช ื”ืฉืžื“, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื ืœื”ื ืืชื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.‏[15]

ื›ืฉืขืœื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืœืื ื˜ื•ื›ื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืื” ืื•ืชื ืืจืกืงื™ื ื•ืก, ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ืจื•ืžืื™, ืงื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื, "ืฉืืœื•ื”ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•: ื”ืื ืžืคื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ืืชื” ืงื?! ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ืืช ืคื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื•ื ื•ืฆื— (ืžื ืฆื—) ื‘ืงืจื‘."[16]

ื”ืขืจื›ื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ื—ืกื“; ื›ืš ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื™ ื ืชืŸ ืฆื“ืงื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“: "ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื”? ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื“ ืžื ื›ืกื™ื•, ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื•: 'ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืฉื ืคืœื” ืœืš ื™ืจื•ืฉื” ืžืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ื˜ื•ืœ ื•ืืชื” ืคื•ืจืข' (ืงื— ืžืžื ื™, ื•ืคืจืข ืœื™ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“), ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืงื— ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืชื ื”".‏[17] ืกื•ืคืจื• ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกืžื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื“ ื‘ื‘ืœ,‏[18]. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื”ื•ื ืžื ืข ืžื›ื•ืชื™ ืœื—ืœืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ืคื” ืฉืคืจืฆื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื•, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืœืื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื ื™ืฆืœ.‏[19]

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื

  1. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืžืกื›ืช ืžื’ื™ืœื”, ื“', ื”'.
  2. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ ื‘, ื“ืฃ ื™ื’ ืขืžื•ื“ ื' ื•ื‘'.
  3. โ†‘ ืื™ื™ื–ื™ืง ื”ื™ืจืฉ ื•ื™ื™ืก, ื“ื•ืจ ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื•, ื—ืœืง ื’', ืคืจืง ืขืฉื™ืจื™, ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื 98-99
  4. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช, ืœ', ื'.
  5. โ†‘ ื•ื•ื™ืก, ืฉื.
  6. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืžืกื›ืช ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™, ื“', ื•'.
  7. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืžืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ืช, ื•', ื˜'.
  8. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืžืกื›ืช ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ื•', ื”'.
  9. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื, ื—', ื'.
  10. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื• ื”, ื“ืฃ ืžื— ืขืžื•ื“ ื
  11. โ†‘ ืžืชื•ืš ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืก ืฉื.
  12. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื” ื’
  13. โ†‘ ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ืš ืคื™ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื•ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื’, ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ,ื—ืœืง ื“', ืกื™ืžืŸ ื™', ืขื ืฃ ื', ื•'.
  14. โ†‘ ืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ืœื•ื™ ืขืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืชื•ืจื” ืชืžื™ืžื”, ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืคืจืง ื™"ื—, ื”ืขืจื” ืงื™"ื“.
  15. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืžืกื›ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื“', ื‘'.
  16. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ื”', ื'.
  17. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืžืกื›ืช ืคืื”, ื—', ื'.
  18. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™, ืชืขื ื™ืช ื›ื’ ื‘
  19. โ†‘ ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืžืกื›ืช ื ื“ืจื™ื, ื“', ื˜'.