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Beit Midrash
- Torah Portion and Tanach
- Bamidbar
- Pinchas
Balak and Bilam have failed in their plot to weaken and defeat the Children of Israel. However, their efforts and those of their countrymen to undermine the Jewish nation continue. They launch a major effort to entice the Jews sexually with prostitutes in order to enlist them in idolatry. As Moshe mounts a terrible punishment on these backsliders, Pinchas, Aharon’s grandson, shocks the entire camp by killing two of the most prominent perpetrators. His zealous defense of God’s moral standard successfully quenches God’s anger and ends the punishment and killing of these errant Jews.
Hirsch tries to explain the concepts inherent in the oft-repeated word קנאה, discussing how through קנאה Pinchas was able to stop the punishment that God had brought upon the nation of Israel. He rejects the accepted translation of that word that usually refers to a type of extreme jealousy and claims that it refers to "protecting rights". Pinchas was standing up for God, whose rights regarding His people had been violated by these Jewish perverts who had willingly involved themselves in sex-related idolatry.
The words קנאו/קנאתי are from the root ק-נ-א which means "to protect ownership." A sister cognate of this root is ק-נ-ה which means "to acquire by legal means."
Hirsch’s deep interest in every Hebrew word in Tanach is a well-established part of his commentary. His close analysis of the word בקנאו adds a significant element to his understanding of Pinchas and his involvement in this affair. He sees that the word בקנאו, which should indicate an intensive act, lacks a דגש, a dot, in the letter נון which would be required in the normal פיעל form. He concludes that the word therefore is a combination of the conjugation of both קל/simple active and פיעל/intensive active forms.
What this signifies is that Pinchas combined a strong external demand in asserting rights (פיעל) with the more inner feeling that one must have for someone else when demanding those rights (קל). His act was not only a legal or public effort but a result of a deep feeling and belief that the combination of illicit sexual relationships and idolatry that was going on was harming God and His people.
God credits Pinchas with saving the Jewish people with this daring act. Otherwise God’s anger/חמתי would have caused Him to destroy/כיליתי, the entire nation. When God’s rights are challenged, someone from among His people must arise to correct the situation. If there is no one who will do it, and God Himself must assert His rights, then the people have lost God. If Israel "loses" God, it ceases to exist, since its very being is dependent on its relationship to God. Pinchas was the one to demand God’s rights, thereby saving the entire nation.
The word חמתי is from the root ח-מ-ם which means "to project extreme heat." It also connotes extreme anger that affects body and soul. The word כיליתי is from the root כ-ל-ה "to strive to attain completion." In this verse it refers to complete destruction.
Copyright © 2014, Matityahu Clark. All Rights Reserved. This is an excerpt from the forthcoming Hirsch At Your Table, a collection of brief divrei torah based on R. Samson Raphael Hirsch’s Torah Commentary.
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P'ninat Mishpat P'ninat Mishpat: Complaints about Contractor’s Work – part II
(based on ruling 83037.1 of the Eretz Hemdah-Gazit Rabbinical Courts)
(based on ruling 83037.1 of the Eretz Hemdah-Gazit Rabbinical Courts)
Chemdat Yamim Moreshet Shaul: Twin Foundations
Based on Siach Shaul, Pirkei Machshava V’Hadracha p. 690
Based on Siach Shaul, Pirkei Machshava V’Hadracha p. 690
D'varim Judaism’s Social Vision
Re’eh
Giving is more than an act of generosity—it is an essential part of human dignity that belongs to everyone, rich and poor alike. The ultimate goal of help is to empower others to stand on their own.
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 9 - "Seeing is Believing" (parag. 21-30)
These paragraphs elaborate on the theme that seeing and knowing is better than any attempt to prove logically, and begins explaining the difference between Israel and gentiles.
Ein Aya Various Universal Stages of the Geula Process
Rav Kook examines the various stages of redemption, explaining how (in addition to the obvious oft-mentioned stages of ingathering the exiles, reviving the Hebrew language, army, state etc.) the messianic dream of world prosperity, the State of Israel and world unity can and are realistically and logically gradually coming true.
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 8- "Answering Questions on the Kuzari's Proof from Mass Revelation
How do we know that the "claim" of mass revelation to 2,000,000 witnesses at Mt. Sinai is really true? This important class answers all of the questions skeptics ask about this claim of the Kuzari.
Ein Aya Armies Still Necessary for Balance & the War Against Wars
Rav Kook explains why the world was originally divided into the various seemingly contradicting ideologies and cultures, in order to develop each one respectively. Swords or armies symbolize how each respective ideology defends themselves, as well as deters their opposing ideologies and cultures. On the other hand, the messianic era will be one of peace, and Rav Kook explains the transition to that stage, which mankind is already undergoing.
