Shalom, please help me understand and make less blessings in Vain if one eats a kezayis of bread, inside a meal , but not within the first 4 minutes, but at a later time within the meal he eats a kezayis within a 4 minute period, does he do an after brocha? same question with other foods and boreh nefoshos or al hamichya. if he eats half a pickle. then 10 minutes later eats like 2 pickles. does he say an after brocha? if someone washed for a meal based on baked cake, he ate 8 kezayis but was not full. does he recite al hamichya or bircat hamazon? if someone ate more then 8 kezayis of cake, without originally setting it as a meal and doing al natilyas yodaim, and was full as a result, but did not wash in the first place, does he say bircat hamazon or al hamichya. and does it matter if he ate these 8 kezayis within 4 minutes, or only within 72 minutes and if someone washed for bread, or cake, and ate, but not a kezayis within the first 4 minutes of the bread. and then he ate other things such as fish, or fruit, or chips, since he did not originally complete a kezayis within 4 minutes of bread, does he say a brocha to eat those other foods? and is the after brocha that is said to be on those other food categories, not bread, since he did not eat the kezayis in the first place? and in the same question, if he did not eat a kezayis of bread in 4 minutes, but he intends to eat a kezayis at some point within the meal, since it was not the original 4 minutes, will he say an afterbrocha on bread to cover all of the foods, or since he had to bless the other foods, since he did not originally eat a kezayis, will he say seperate brochas, and not say bircat hamazon, since he only ate a kezayis later in the meal Thank you kindly

ב"ה Shalom, Because of your lengthy question, I decided to quote your question and give the relevant answer after each question. In the future, I suggest limiting your questions to one case at a time, this way my answer will be clearer for each case. Question 1: 1.if one eats a kezayis of bread, inside a meal , but not within the first 4 minutes, but at a later time within the meal he eats a kezayis within a 4 minute period, does he do an after brocha? Answer 1 : The Mishna Berura says 210:1 says that if eating foods took a time longer than "kedai achilat pras " = כדי אכילת פרס. no Bracha Achrona should be recited. There are different opinions about how many minutes " kedai achilat pras " is while the prevalent opinion is 4 minutes. (See פסקי תשובות רי: א , יחווה דעת א:יז) . However, in regard to meal on bread, the Mishna Berura quotes the opinion of the Pri Megadim (Rav Yoseph Teomim, 1727-1792) who says that the determining factor in regard to a Bracha Achrona is feeling satisfied. Therefore, even if he ate his bread in a longer time span but ultimately was satisfied, a Bracha Achrona , Birkat Hamazon = "benching" is said. Question 2: same question with other foods and boreh nefoshos or al hamichya. if he eats half a pickle. then 10 minutes later eats like 2 pickles. does he say an after brocha? Answer 2: In this case, from what you described , the two pickles were eaten together so a Bracha Achrona is said for all the pickles or whatever fruit or vegetable were eaten. Question 3: If someone washed for a meal based on baked cake, he ate 8 kezayis but was not full. does he recite al hamichya or bircat hamazon? if someone ate more then 8 kezayis of cake, without originally setting it as a meal and doing al natilyas yodaim, and was full as a result, but did not wash in the first place, does he say bircat hamazon or al hamichya. and does it matter if he ate these 8 kezayis within 4 minutes, or only within 72 minutes Answer 3: The Shulchan Aruch (168: 6 ) says that if someone started eating cake without intention of making it a meal but then ate an amount which people make from it a meal, even though he only said mezonot and didn't wash at first , he has to say Birkat Hamazon . There are long discussions of what constitutes an amount "which people make a meal", but generally the poskim speak about an amount of 4 "Beitzim" – eggs which is about 230 grams. (See פסקי תשובות קסח:ה, וזאת הברכה (מנדלבוים) פרק ד ) Some say that the amount of 4 Beitzim of Mezonot is dependent upon if this is would be as a meal. And if he is not satisfied with it as a meal, he should only say "al Hamichya" like after cake , not Birkat Hamazon like after bread. )פנינ הלכה ( But then again, that also depends if the person ate other food with the cake such as salads or whatever, which would make him feel that this is a meal. In this case, the 4 Beitzim of Mezonot and other foods now require him to say birkat Hamazon like after bread. So one should indeed plan his eating so as not to say the wrong Bracha. Question 4: and if someone washed for bread, or cake, and ate, but not a kezayis within the first 4 minutes of the bread. and then he ate other things such as fish, or fruit, or chips, since he did not originally complete a kezayis within 4 minutes of bread, does he say a brocha to eat those other foods? and is the after brocha that is said to be on those other food categories, not bread, since he did not eat the kezayis in the first place? and in the same question, if he did not eat a kezayis of bread in 4 minutes, but he intends to eat a kezayis at some point within the meal, since it was not the original 4 minutes, will he say an afterbrocha on bread to cover all of the foods, or since he had to bless the other foods, since he did not originally eat a kezayis, will he say seperate brochas, and not say bircat hamazon, since he only ate a kezayis later in the meal Answer 4: In your last question, there are a few factors involved. Because, as I answered question 1, according to the Pri Megadim , when eating bread , we don't count 4 minutes. So what you described is like any normal meal with bread. A person says Hamotzie, and then he has some salad or appetizer and then some soup etc..and in between has another bite of bread which eventually adds up during the course of the meal to a Kezait. Now , a kezait is about 1/3 of a slice of bread, which is about 2 bites in an adult , maybe 3 if nibbling therefore it is a very unlikely situation that a person not finish a kezait, which is 2-3 bites in 4 minutes. All the Best