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Ruling: Are the field owners’ decisions binding? The gemara (Bava Batra 9a) grants a local commercial group the ability to make binding rules and penalize those who do not follow them. This is accepted as Halacha (Shulchan Aruch, Choshen Mishpat 231:38), and it applies even if it causes poverty to a group member (Pitchei Teshuva ad loc. 4). Although many (see ibid. 6) say this is true only if all the members are present at the meeting, the Aruch Hashulchan (CM 231:27) says that if one is invited and does not come, he forfeits his voice.
There is also a machloket Rishonim if a majority decides the matter or whether it requires unanimity (see Mordechai, Bava Batra 480). The Rama (CM 2:1) says we follow the opinion that is locally practiced. Rav Yaakov Ariel explains that the opinion that follows the majority is based on the fact a society must be able to come to decisions to navigate between different interests, and the interests of the majority are most important. Based on this approach, the Aruch Hashulchan makes great sense that if someone does not come, the others can decide without him, because otherwise an individual has a practical veto by not coming.
The Even Haezel (Mechira 14:11) reasons that a majority can suffice only when the group is a city, whereas a commercial group requires all to be present. However, we conclude that pl is obligated by the decision of the meeting. First, the Even Haezel is difficult and is apparently contradicted by the Rosh (Bava Batra 1:33), who equates the two categories. Also, the field owners should be considered like members of a city because they form an entire geographical grouping. This is strengthened by the idea that a policy must be devised for a crucial resource such as scarce water. The fact that the local council sent a representative who apprised his colleagues is also a reason to consider the decisions binding. Although the gemara (ibid.) says that such decisions need the approval of the area’s "important person," there is no indication that such a man existed in that place.
We will continue next time with other elements of the dispute.
P'ninat Mishpat (827)
Beit Din Eretz Hemda - Gazit
819 - P'ninat Mishpat: A Contractor’s Leaving the Job in the Middle – part III
820 - P'ninat Mishpat: Agricultural Water Rights – part I
821 - P'ninat Mishpat: Agricultural Water Rights – part II
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Beit Din Eretz Hemda - Gazit
P'ninat Mishpat Payment for Not Clearing Warehouse On Time – part II
based on ruling 75076 of the Eretz Hemdah-Gazit Rabbinical Courts
P'ninat Mishpat P'ninat Mishpat: Multiple Agreements and Parties – part IV
based on final ruling of 80082 of the Eretz Hemdah-Gazit Rabbinical Courts
Igrot Hare’aya Connecting Disciplines in Torah Study
Igrot Hare’aya – Letters of Rav Kook 103 – part III
P'ninat Mishpat P'ninat Mishpat: Undoing a Problematic Partnership – part II
based on ruling 84061 of the Eretz Hemdah-Gazit Rabbinical Courts
P'ninat Mishpat P'ninat Mishpat: Sharing in Plumbing Expenses – part I
based on ruling 85013 of the Eretz Hemdah-Gazit Rabbinical Courts
P'ninat Mishpat P'ninat Mishpat: Benefit from Unsolicited Efforts of the Plaintiff
based on appeal of ruling 82138 of the Eretz Hemdah-Gazit Rabbinical Courts
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