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Answer: The answer to your question depends on two issues – how morning Kiddush works; the status of one who knows a beracha was made but did not hear it.
At nighttime Kiddush, the main beracha is Mekadesh Hashabbat. Borei Pri Hagafen, whose point is to make it permitted to drink the wine of Kiddush (and similarly, of Havdala) is of minor importance (see Living the Halachic Process VII, C-16). Therefore, if one did not hear Borei Pri Hagafen, he is yotzei anyway (see Shulchan Aruch, OC 271:4; Mishna Berura 296:33).
The problem is that the morning Kiddush consists only of Borei Pri Hagafen (see Pesachim 106a). The p’sukim we recite are a late and not required addition (see Mishna Berura 289:2). So if one did not hear Borei Pri Hagafen, in what way did he take part in Kiddush?!
There are two approaches in the Rishonim as to the nature of this abbreviated Kiddush that does not even need to mention Shabbat. The Ran (Pesachim 22b of Rif’s pages) suggests that it connects to the night’s full Kiddush, and posits that its beracha functions along the same lines as Kiddush of the night. Rabbeinu David (Pesachim 106a) says that given its content, it cannot serve as a real Kiddush; rather, its function is to elevate the meal’s stature via the wine. Therefore, the drinking is more important than the beracha, which just permits the drinking.
Bemare Habazak - Rabbis Questions (654)
Rabbi Daniel Mann
587 - Ask the Rabbi: An Avel Attending a Seudat Hodaya
588 - Ask the Rabbi: Not Hearing Morning Kiddush
589 - Ask the Rabbi: Should Kiddush Levana Be Done with a Minyan?
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Let us now look at your connection to the beracha to which you answered amen. It is forbidden to recite an amen yetoma (Berachot 47a), e.g., answering without hearing the beracha (Rashi ad loc.). On the other hand, the mishna (Sukka 51b) tells about the davening in the amphitheater in Alexandria, in which they raised flags to prompt people to answer amen. The two main distinctions raised (see Beit Yosef, OC 124) to reconcile the sources are as follows: 1. If one plans to be yotzei with a beracha, he must hear it and must not answer if he does not, but he may answer a beracha he does need to "use for himself" (one answer in the Rosh, Berachot 7:17). 2. The problem is when one does not know which specific beracha was recited, but if he knows, he may answer even if he did not hear it (Rashi & Tosafot, Berachot 47a). The Beit Yosef implies that the two answers are separate – it is not that either factor suffices or that both factors are needed; rather there is one deciding point, with a machloket about which is correct. According to #2, your amen was fine because you knew to what beracha you were answering, and you apparently were even yotzei. According to #1, your amen was an amen yetoma if you intended to be yotzei, and so the beracha could not be motzi you. The Shulchan Aruch (OC 124:8) rules like #1 (admittedly, this is not a unanimous ruling – see Rama and Be’ur Halacha ad loc.).
The best idea was to make your own Kiddush, after first speaking (to ensure Borei Pri Hagefen was necessary). Under extenuating circumstances (e.g., insufficient wine or insulting to the mekadesh, and it was important to eat), there is room for leniency to eat based on the Kiddush (we have to leave out a lot of sources/analysis). If so, Kiddush before your meal at home would be called for, whatever your regular minhag.
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 8- "Answering Questions on the Kuzari's Proof from Mass Revelation
Rabbis in Midrash
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Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 9 - "Seeing is Believing" (parag. 21-30)
These paragraphs elaborate on the theme that seeing and knowing is better than any attempt to prove logically, and begins explaining the difference between Israel and gentiles.
Ein Aya Various Universal Stages of the Geula Process
Rav Kook examines the various stages of redemption, explaining how (in addition to the obvious oft-mentioned stages of ingathering the exiles, reviving the Hebrew language, army, state etc.) the messianic dream of world prosperity, the State of Israel and world unity can and are realistically and logically gradually coming true.
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 8- "Answering Questions on the Kuzari's Proof from Mass Revelation
How do we know that the "claim" of mass revelation to 2,000,000 witnesses at Mt. Sinai is really true? This important class answers all of the questions skeptics ask about this claim of the Kuzari.
Ein Aya Armies Still Necessary for Balance & the War Against Wars
Rav Kook explains why the world was originally divided into the various seemingly contradicting ideologies and cultures, in order to develop each one respectively. Swords or armies symbolize how each respective ideology defends themselves, as well as deters their opposing ideologies and cultures. On the other hand, the messianic era will be one of peace, and Rav Kook explains the transition to that stage, which mankind is already undergoing.
The Land of Israel LGBT'S IN ISRAEL
The question was asked, how can one make Aliyah with the LGBT parades?
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 7 - Five Accumulative Proofs of G-d
As a preparation for the Kuzari's classic proof of G-d from the mass-revelation at Sinai, we start here with 5 other directions to strengthen our belief which also contribute to what the Kuzari will present as well.
Ein Aya Muscle & Meaning: The Dual Nature of Gevurah (Physical Strength)
Is physical strength and fitness a necessity or an ideal? Although it if often totally overlooked among topics of Judaism, Rav Kook writes that it clearly is also a necessity to deter the many enemies of Israel, but even in Y'mot HaMashiach, in the Messianic era, to a certain extent, it's ideal continues even after our enemies will have been finished off.
