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Case: Defendant #2 (=def2), a real estate agent, showed defendant #1’s (=def1) apartment in a kibbutz to the plaintiff (=pl). Pl gave def2 a 1,000 shekel down payment for his services and a 2,000 shekel check which def1 could use for home repair that pl had asked for (it would count toward the first rental payment). Pl signed notes stipulating these sums were non-refundable. Def1 sent pl to the kibbutz acceptance committee, which caused a delay because of the latter’s vacation, and finally pl had to go on the day of her sister’s wedding. The next day, def1 informed pl that he would not go through with the deal. Pl is suing for a total of 8,700 shekels because the false expectations caused various damages, including the inability to rent out her own apartment and wasted trips. She also wants back the deposit checks, as pl was not the one who backed out. Def2 returned the 2,000 shekel check in beit din but refuses to return the nonrefundable realtor’s pay, claiming that he did a lot of work to bring the sides to an agreement, and pl knew that nothing was final until she passed the kibbutz’s board. Def1 says that he cannot be obligated in anything since he did not sign any rental contract with pl. The fact that he agreed with def2 to do repairs has nothing to do with pl, as it would have had to have been done no matter who would rent.
Ruling: Def1 is correct that no act of kinyan was done here (the rules of kinyan are the same for renting and buying land – Shulchan Aruch, Choshen Mishpat 190:1). Since pl did not pay money, there also is no semi-curse of mi shepara for backing out. However, even one who backs out of an oral commitment to sell or rent can be liable for Rabbinical displeasure (ibid. 7).
In this case, def1 clearly backed out of an understanding, and the reason was that a friend told him that pl would not pass the board and def1 could lose the opportunity to rent out at that time. These words were likely lashon hara and were in any case not grounds for def1 to back out of a commitment. Therefore, based on our authority to rule not only according to din but also according to compromise, we obligate def1 in direct expenses such as traveling to arrange the rental and the beit din fee (total of 600 shekels). We are not convinced that the other claims relate to definite damage.
Regarding the down payment of 1,000 shekels to def2 for agency fee, this must be returned. Agents are paid only when a binding agreement was reached, and only then can they keep money even if one side broke the agreement. But here there was never a binding agreement, just a moral obligation (this is true according to halacha and obviously true according to Israel’s "Law of Real Estate Agents"). Agents who get a percentage of the sales price do not get paid for effort but for results. One cannot read the contract as making payment nonrefundable for cases where there was never an agreement.
P'ninat Mishpat (829)
Various Rabbis
523 - Dividing Government Funding – part II
524 - Aftermath of a Rental that Almost Was
525 - Canceling Checks Found by a Third Party
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P'ninat Mishpat P'ninat Mishpat: A Seller with Questionable Rights to the Property – part I
based on ruling 84062 of the Eretz Hemdah-Gazit Rabbinical Courts
P'ninat Mishpat P'ninat Mishpat: Smoking Rights in a Rental? – part II
based on ruling 85076 of the Eretz Hemdah-Gazit Rabbinical Courts
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 8- "Answering Questions on the Kuzari's Proof from Mass Revelation
Rabbis in Midrash
Lessons
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Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 9 - "Seeing is Believing" (parag. 21-30)
These paragraphs elaborate on the theme that seeing and knowing is better than any attempt to prove logically, and begins explaining the difference between Israel and gentiles.
Ein Aya Various Universal Stages of the Geula Process
Rav Kook examines the various stages of redemption, explaining how (in addition to the obvious oft-mentioned stages of ingathering the exiles, reviving the Hebrew language, army, state etc.) the messianic dream of world prosperity, the State of Israel and world unity can and are realistically and logically gradually coming true.
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 8- "Answering Questions on the Kuzari's Proof from Mass Revelation
How do we know that the "claim" of mass revelation to 2,000,000 witnesses at Mt. Sinai is really true? This important class answers all of the questions skeptics ask about this claim of the Kuzari.
Ein Aya Armies Still Necessary for Balance & the War Against Wars
Rav Kook explains why the world was originally divided into the various seemingly contradicting ideologies and cultures, in order to develop each one respectively. Swords or armies symbolize how each respective ideology defends themselves, as well as deters their opposing ideologies and cultures. On the other hand, the messianic era will be one of peace, and Rav Kook explains the transition to that stage, which mankind is already undergoing.
The Land of Israel LGBT'S IN ISRAEL
The question was asked, how can one make Aliyah with the LGBT parades?
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 7 - Five Accumulative Proofs of G-d
As a preparation for the Kuzari's classic proof of G-d from the mass-revelation at Sinai, we start here with 5 other directions to strengthen our belief which also contribute to what the Kuzari will present as well.
Ein Aya Muscle & Meaning: The Dual Nature of Gevurah (Physical Strength)
Is physical strength and fitness a necessity or an ideal? Although it if often totally overlooked among topics of Judaism, Rav Kook writes that it clearly is also a necessity to deter the many enemies of Israel, but even in Y'mot HaMashiach, in the Messianic era, to a certain extent, it's ideal continues even after our enemies will have been finished off.
