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Beit Midrash
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- Chemdat Yamim
- Bemare Habazak - Rabbis Questions
- Shabbat and Holidays
- Yom Kippur
- Yom Kipur Laws
Answer: We wrote (see Living the Halachic Process III, C-4) that there are two or three elements of tosefet Shabbat (adding on to Shabbat). 1) One should cease doing melacha before Shabbat begins; 2) If one accepts Shabbat earlier than required, (at least many elements of) Shabbat starts for him. 3) There (may be) a mitzva to actively accept Shabbat before it begins itself. We demonstrated that while some sources instruct one to actively accept Shabbat somewhat early (i.e., #3), the main opinions and the minhag (at least until relatively recently) are that one need not accept Shabbat orally or by action. It suffices to refrain from doing melacha before sunset. Since then, Orchot Shabbat vol. III came out. Its co-authors discuss the matter (pp. 92-94) and conclude that according to the clear majority of authorities, there is no need for an oral acceptance, although they recommend doing so in deference to minority opinions.
Bemare Habazak - Rabbis Questions (654)
Rabbi Daniel Mann
331 - Men Going to the Mikveh before Rosh Hashana
332 - Tosefet Yom Kippur
333 - Tying Up the Arba Minim on Yom Tov
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There are a few ways to accept Yom Kippur. (Ashkenazi) women generally accept an upcoming holy day by lighting candles (Rama, Orach Chayim 263:10). One may, for a good reason, stipulate orally or mentally when lighting the candles, that she does not want to accept Yom Kippur at this point (Shemirat Shabbat K’hilchata 44:14). If she recites Shehecheyanu at that time, it is too strong an acknowledgment of Yom Kippur for her to stipulate (ibid.). A woman who is going to shul can say Shehecheyanu with the tzibbur instead of when lighting candles. (This has other advantages, which are beyond our scope).
One complication with tosefet Yom Kippur is Kol Nidrei. As a rule one should not do hatarat nedarim on Shabbat (Shulchan Aruch, Yoreh Deah 228:3). The Rama indeed instructs us to do Kol Nidrei before Yom Kippur begins (OC 219:1), and we recite Shehecheyanu in shul only after that. But those of us who recite the beautiful prayer called Tefilla Zaka – before Kol Nidrei – have a problem because it includes a statement of accepting Yom Kippur. Actually, the Chayei Adam (II, 144:20) presents Tefilla Zaka as being done after Kol Nidrei, and some suggest leaving out the part of accepting Yom Kippur until later (see Ishei Yisrael 46:(35) in the name of Rav Chaim Kaniefsky). Besides conflicting with the normal practice, a technical problem is that Kol Nidrei is often not finished until right before or even after sunset.
Rav S.Z. Auerbach (cited in Halichot Shlomo, Mo’adim II, p. 391) suggested that one can and presumably does (due to Kol Nidrei) his early acceptance of Yom Kippur with an implied exclusion of the prohibition against hatarat nedarim limiting the acceptance. The sefer Kol Nidrei (83:4) cites Rishonim who say that since there is reason to do hatarat nedarim as Yom Kippur starts, this is a matter of special need, in which case it is permitted to do hatarat nedarim on Shabbat (see Shulchan Aruch ibid.).
We see that one who wants to be machmir in all elements of ushering in Yom Kippur is in a bind. If he wants to follow the opinions to make a clear oral acceptance of Yom Kippur before the end of the day, he raises questions about the propriety of Kol Nidrei. If he wants to be stringent about Kol Nidrei on Yom Kippur, he will be hard-pressed to accept Yom Kippur at a halachically meaningful time. We advise people to follow other good Jews – say Tefilla Zaka and Kol Nidrei at their normal places and rely on the justifications.
Rabbis in Midrash
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Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 9 - "Seeing is Believing" (parag. 21-30)
These paragraphs elaborate on the theme that seeing and knowing is better than any attempt to prove logically, and begins explaining the difference between Israel and gentiles.
Ein Aya Various Universal Stages of the Geula Process
Rav Kook examines the various stages of redemption, explaining how (in addition to the obvious oft-mentioned stages of ingathering the exiles, reviving the Hebrew language, army, state etc.) the messianic dream of world prosperity, the State of Israel and world unity can and are realistically and logically gradually coming true.
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 8- "Answering Questions on the Kuzari's Proof from Mass Revelation
How do we know that the "claim" of mass revelation to 2,000,000 witnesses at Mt. Sinai is really true? This important class answers all of the questions skeptics ask about this claim of the Kuzari.
Ein Aya Armies Still Necessary for Balance & the War Against Wars
Rav Kook explains why the world was originally divided into the various seemingly contradicting ideologies and cultures, in order to develop each one respectively. Swords or armies symbolize how each respective ideology defends themselves, as well as deters their opposing ideologies and cultures. On the other hand, the messianic era will be one of peace, and Rav Kook explains the transition to that stage, which mankind is already undergoing.
The Land of Israel LGBT'S IN ISRAEL
The question was asked, how can one make Aliyah with the LGBT parades?
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 7 - Five Accumulative Proofs of G-d
As a preparation for the Kuzari's classic proof of G-d from the mass-revelation at Sinai, we start here with 5 other directions to strengthen our belief which also contribute to what the Kuzari will present as well.
Ein Aya Muscle & Meaning: The Dual Nature of Gevurah (Physical Strength)
Is physical strength and fitness a necessity or an ideal? Although it if often totally overlooked among topics of Judaism, Rav Kook writes that it clearly is also a necessity to deter the many enemies of Israel, but even in Y'mot HaMashiach, in the Messianic era, to a certain extent, it's ideal continues even after our enemies will have been finished off.
