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Beit Midrash
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- Lag Ba'omer
Many people have a custom to spend Lag Ba-omer on Mount Meron, where R. Shimon bar Yoฤฅai (Rashbi) and his son, R. Elazar, are buried. There, they rejoice greatly, light bonfires, sing, and dance. Participants in these celebrations include righteous individuals and Torah scholars.
Some great Torah authorities, however, doubted the legitimacy of this practice. After all, how can we establish a festival on a day when no miracle happened and that the Sages did not institute as a holiday? While it is well known that we do not recite Taฤฅanun or fast on Lag Ba-omer, there is no known source indicating that it is a holiday (ฤคatam Sofer, yd 233). And if it is in honor of the anniversary of R. Shimon bar Yoฤฅaiโs death, it would be more appropriate to fast, which is the customary observance of the anniversary of a great sageโs death. So why do people rejoice and celebrate the hilula of R. Shimon bar Yoฤฅai (Shoโel U-meshiv 5:39)?
Yet, as noted, many people, including great scholars and righteous individuals, celebrate and rejoice with the joy reserved for mitzvot. Even though the yahrzeit of a great individual is generally a sad occasion, the kabbalists conveyed in the name of R. Shimon bar Yoฤฅai that he wanted people to rejoice on his yahrzeit. The Zohar calls the day of R. Shimon bar Yoฤฅaiโs passing a "hilula," a term linked to wedding celebrations. A personโs level of intimacy with the Shekhina in this world is akin to betrothal, whereas in the next world the level of intimacy is more comparable to marriage. In this world, death is viewed as being exceedingly sad, and when a righteous person dies, he leaves a void, and the nation mourns his loss. In the supernal worlds, however, it is understood that everything is for the best. On the contrary, when a truly righteous person is freed from the shackles of this world, he can absorb the full light of the Torah. This is especially true of those sages who delve into the esoteric aspects of the Torah, for their primary engagement is with the inner light of the Torah and the soul. As long as they remain within the confines of this world, its physical boundaries obscure the light of the Torah and the soul. However, when they depart from this world and are released from its physical boundaries, the gates of wisdom and inner light are opened wide before them. Then they are able to understand fully the deep secrets they studied during their lives. Already on the day they die, it is possible to discern that the walls and barriers of this world are fading away. Accordingly, Idra Zuta (Zohar 3:287b and 3:296a) relates that on the day R. Shimon bar Yoฤฅai died, he revealed deep and wondrous secrets that he was not allowed to reveal beforehand, and he simultaneously cried and rejoiced.
Therefore, the day that a righteous person dies is like a wedding, because on that day he can consummate his connection to the Shekhina, and his Torah becomes a great source of illumination in the supernal realms. Consequently, his disciples and successors in this world can better connect to the depth of his Torah and esoteric teachings. Therefore, disciples who understand this deep idea customarily celebrate a hilula on the day their righteous master, who revealed the Torahโs secrets, died.[2]
R. Shimon bar Yoฤฅai, who composed the Zohar, is unique in that even Jews who do not understand the secrets of the Torah celebrate his hilula. This is how Lag Ba-omer became a day of celebration for the esoteric side of the Torah. Many people go up to Mount Meron for R. Shimon bar Yoฤฅaiโs hilula. The great scholars among them rejoice over the secrets that were revealed to them in his merit and in the merit of his disciples and successors. Even though the masses who join in the festivities do not understand the secrets of the Torah, they rejoice over the fact that the Torah is deeper than the sea and that there are great scholars and righteous people who connect to its deep secrets, as this entire world of darkness is made slightly more pleasant because of them. Furthermore, the very recognition that there are deep secrets beyond the average personโs comprehension generates humility and wisdom, and even simple folk are elevated by virtue of this awareness.
[2] In Pri Tzadik (Lag Ba-omer 1), R. Tzadok Ha-Kohen of Lublin explains that there is a distinction between the anniversaries of death of a great scholar in the realm of the Written Torah and a great scholar in the realm of the Oral Torah. The Written Torah is fixed and stable, and thus the day when a great scholar of this corpus died โ such as the seventh of Adar, when Moshe died โ is a painful day. In contrast, we celebrate a hilula on the day a great scholar of the Oral Torah died, because his Torah continues to proliferate and become more nuanced after his death.
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