Beit Midrash

  • Shabbat and Holidays
  • The Seder Night
To dedicate this lesson

Clean For Pesach And Enjoy The Seder

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Rabbi Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg zt"l

5770
2 min read
These notes are based on the responsa of Moreinu v’Rabbeinu HaGaon HaRav Chaim Pinchas Scheinberg, Shlita, Rosh Yeshiva Torah Ore, to questions posed by women attending his regular chizuk talks. They have been compiled by a group of his Talmidim.

PREFACE:
In former times, wealthy people who had large houses also had many servants who did their every bidding, while poor people, who could not afford servants, lived in small homes with one or two rooms. Understandably, the pre-Pesach chores of the rich were performed by the servants, while the poor, who had only their one or two rooms to clean, a few pieces of furniture, a minimum of utensils, and some clothing, took care of their needs themselves. In those days, the cleaning was hard. Tables were made of raw wood, requiring them to be scrubbed or even to be shaven to ensure that no pieces of food were hidden in the cracks. Earthen or wooden floors also needed to be thoroughly cleaned and scrubbed.

Today, we seem to be caught in a trap. The average modern home is larger than formerly. Furniture, utensils and clothing are much more plentiful. The average home today could compare with the more affluent homes of previous generations. However, we do not have the servants that they had, so that, today, all the chores fall on the housewife. At the same time she still feels obligated to clean and scrub as they did formerly, even though she has laminated furniture and tiled floors, making this type of cleaning unnecessary.

As a result of this, the pressure of pre-Pesach cleaning has reached unnecessary and overwhelming levels. The housewife often becomes overly nervous, unable to enjoy the Simchas Yom Tov of Pesach and unable to perform the mitzvos and obligations of the Seder night.

INTRODUCTION
Pesach, like every other Yom Tov, must be enjoyed by every member of the family, inculding women. This is an obligation clearly defined in the Torah as explained by Chazal .( א ) We can understand a person dreading Tisha B'Av but Pesach is to be looked forward to and anticipated with joy. Every woman should be well rested, relaxed and alert at the Seder table so that she can fulfill all the Torah and Rabbinic obligations and follow the Hagadah with the rest of the family. Clearly, the performance of her pre-Pesach duties must be balanced against her Pesach obligations.

Pre-Pesach cleaning is required to avoid the danger of transgressing any Torah or Rabbinic prohibition of having chometz in the house on Pesach. It is evident from the responsa of the Rosh HaYeshiva, shlita, that this need not be excessive.

It is not the intention here to abolish Minhagim which have been passed down by Klal Yisroel from generation to generation. Nevertheless, some practices adopted by women in the Pesach cleaning today, are not an actual continuation of the old Minhagim. For example, if a person does not sell his chometz, of course it is necessary to check his utensils and to wash off any chometz left on them, or render the chometz inedible. But if the chometz is sold, then washing the pots, pans and dishes which are going to be locked away is not necessary. One might be tempted to insist on doing the extra work anyway--to be "machmir" (stringent). However, in these stringencies lies the grave danger of causing many laxities and brushing aside many mitzvohs completely, Torah and Rabbinic obligations which women are required to do on Pesach and particularly during the Seder.

Many women like to do more "cleaning" than the bare minimum, to such an extent, that some even incorporate their general "spring cleaning" into their required pre-Pesach chores. These extra exertions should not prevent them from fulfilling their obligations on Pesach, and particularly, on the Seder night.

GENERAL NOTES:
A. All property & possessions must be cleaned and checked to make sure that they are free of all chometz, except in the following cases:
B. If, during the year, chometz is not brought into a place, that place does not have to be cleaned out or checked for chometz ( ב ).
C. Any article which is not used on Pesach does not need to be checked for chometz provided it is put away properly and the chometz in it is sold.
D. Crumbs which have been rendered completely inedible to the extent that they are not fit to be eaten by a dog are not considered chometz (( ג.
E. The general obligation to check for and destroy crumbs does not apply if the crumbs are less than the size of an olive (kezayis) and are dirty or spoiled enough to prevent a person from eating them ( ד ).

F. The household cleaner ( mentioned below) used must spoil the crumbs slightly to the extent that people would refrain from eating them.
G. It is customary that any item to be kashered should not be used for 24 hours prior to kashering, in order that it should not be a ben-yomo.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS
1) CLOTHING CLOSETS: If there is some significant possibility that chometz went into them, they should be checked for fully edible crumbs of chometz, besides large pieces of chometz(ד) . If the probability that chometz entered these places is remote, a Rav can be consulted to clarify the conditions under which they do not have to be checked ( ב ). This includes chests, dressers, basements, and all other similar places (see Gen. Note E).
2) FLOORS: In our times we don't have earthen floors with deep cracks in them. It is sufficient for tiled or covered floors to be swept and washed with a household floor cleaner. Cracks and spaces between tiles do not have to be checked if the cleaning solution reaches into them.
3) FOOD CABINETS: If the cabinet is not going to be used on Pesach, then you just have to close it and mark it, in a manner that will remind you not to use it on Pesach and sell it with the chometz ( see Gen. Notes C & E) . If the cabinet is going to be used on Pesach, take out all the food, and wash it with a rag soaked in a household cleaner. Be sure the cleansing agent reaches into all the cracks and soaks into any crumbs that might be left there. The usual practice is to line the cabinets (( ג.

4) REFRIGERATOR: Take the food out, and wash it with a rag soaked in a household cleaner. The racks are usually covered. (It is advisable to leave holes for air circulation.)
5) KASHERING SINKS: Clean the sinks (see Gen. Note G), and pour a kettle of boiling water into them and on their sides. Some people pour hot water mixed with bleach down the drain. The usual practice today is to use an insert, or line the sinks (e.g. aluminum foil, contact paper) - if not difficult, this practice should be followed.
6) FAUCETS (TAPS): Cleaning, without any other kashering procedure, is sufficient.
7) MARBLE AND STAINLESS STEEL COUNTERS: If they were used for hot chometz they should first be cleaned well, They should either be completely covered so that nothing Pesach'dik touches them, or (if it will not ruin the countertop) pour boiling hot water on them (see Gen. Note G). Many people do both.
8) TABLETOPS: Wash them with a household cleaner. The usual practice is to cover the tables.
9) KASHERING RANGE/OVEN/STOVE - TOP: Wash the top and side surface areas with a rag soaked in a strong household cleaner. Clean the knobs well. Grates can be kashered by first cleaning them well (see Gen. Note G), then put them back on the stove, and then lighting all the burners, raising them to their maximum heat, putting on a "blech" while the burners are on. This spreads the heat over the whole top and intensifies the heat on the grates. Let it burn for 5 - 10 minutes. [Be careful that the knobs don’t melt.] After kashering, the usual practice today is to cover the stove-top with aluminum foil (being extremely careful not to block the air inlets around the burners and on the back of the stove, as this could create poisonous fumes in the room).
OVEN: If you want to use the oven: ( a ) First clean the oven well with an oven cleaner (e.g. Easy-Off). Make sure that it reaches into all the cracks and around the screws. (After using the oven cleaner, there is no need for further cleaning). (see Gen. Note G). Then heat the inside of the oven by turning the oven on to its highest temperature for about one hour. ( b ) If your oven has a turbo option (a fan which circulates the heat ) , consult a Rav about your particular type. ( c ) After kashering, if the oven door has a glass window, preferably cover the entire inside of the door with aluminum foil. ( d ) If a closed oven insert is available, this would be preferable. In this case, only washing and cleaning are necessary. ( e ) Do not use the chometz-dik oven racks for Pesach. If this is difficult, then one can kasher the racks with the same procedure as for the oven, placing them as close as possible to the heating element(( ה .
If the oven is not going to be used: None of the above is necessary. Just make certain that there is no edible chometz inside, tape it closed well and see below #10.

10)
POTS, PANS, DISHES, & SILVERWARE (CUTLERY): Whatever is not going to be used for Pesach should either be taped closed and marked, or put away in such a manner that will remind you not to use them on Pesach. If there is a possibility of actual chometz in them, the chometz should be sold (see Gen. Note C.). If you do not sell chometz, then they should be either washed or soaked in a household cleaner; it is not necessary to scrub them ( ד ). (Concerning kashering utensils for Pesach consult a Rav.)
11) FOOD PROCESSOR/MIXER: A Rav should be consulted.
12) DISH TOWELS: If one does not have a Pesach'dik set of dish towels, then one's regular dish towels may be used if they are washed with a detergent and no food remains attached to them. (It is customary to have a set of Pesach'dik dish towels.)
13) PESACH TABLECLOTHS: These can be ironed with the same iron as is used during the rest of the year.
14) CLOTHES, BLANKETS, POCKETS, ETC. : If they have been washed in detergent or dry-cleaned, then there is no need for them to be checked (see Gen. Note E). Otherwise they need to be cleaned and checked thoroughly by brushing or shaking them out well. However, if there is a possibility of crumbs between the stitches or in a hidden crevice which cannot be shaken out, then they must be wiped with a rag which has been soaked in a detergent (.(ג,ד Clothes which will not be worn on Pesach do not have to be checked, but they should be put away and the chometz in them sold (see Gen. Notes C. and Sec. 10 on Pots and Pans).
15) BENCHERS & Z’MIROS BOOKS which are very hard to clean should be put away and the chometz that is in them should be sold (see Sec. 10 on Pots and Pans). OTHER SEFORIM & BOOKS that may contain chometz crumbs should either not be brought to the table on Pesach or if you plan to use them at the table, they should be cleaned and checked well.
16) TOYS: If there is edible chometz, then it should be either removed, or rendered inedible (see Gen. Notes E). There is no need to scrub them.
17) TECHINA & OTHER KITNIYUS: May be used after the house has been cleaned for Pesach. They should not be cooked in utensils that will be used on Pesach, and certainly not on Pesach itself (according to the Ashkenaz Minhag).
18) CHECKING THE ROOMS: If it is too difficult to check all the rooms on one night, then the work may be divided and done on other nights (according to all the Laws of Bedikas Chometz). No chometz should be left in any room that has been cleaned and checked properly. Since the brocha is not recited before the night of the 14th, therefore, at least one place that had chometz should be left unchecked. Then, the mitzvah of Bedikas Chometz can be performed with a brocha on the night of the 14th on that area. If the whole house had already been completely cleaned before the 14th, then the 10 pieces of chometz (according to the Minhag) should be hidden by somebody else so that proper bedikah can be made.
19) FOOD THAT FALLS onto a chair or onto the floor on Pesach should be washed off for hygienic reasons. The food does not become chometz even if the food is hot.
20) LAST MINUTE PREPARATIONS: For example, setting the table, etc., should be completed early enough in the day, so that you will be able to rest a little bit. Be ready to start the seder immediately after Maariv, to ensure that the children won't fall asleep at the Seder (( ו.

21) ENJOY PESACH ! Try to make the Pesach chores easy for yourself. Don't do unnecessary hard work. Don't do unnecessary cleaning. You can be like a Queen and you must enjoy your Pesach!

BASIC LAWS OF THE SEDER
INTRODUCTION:
Some women have a habit of taking a bite of matzoh, then running back and forth to the kitchen taking a few more bites in between. In this way, it takes them too long to eat the matzoh, and they do not fulfill the mitzvah properly. The same is true about the wine, maror, korech, and afikomen. Therefore, do not leave the table until you have finished eating the required amount. Sit like a Queen! Relax and be calm while eating and drinking the matzoh and wine within the time limit. The cooking can be checked after completing the mitzvohs. Remember...these are mitzvohs that can be done only once a year, so enjoy them, and enjoy the whole Seder.
There are many laws about which there exist numerous opinions. It is beyond the scope of this pamphlet to encompass all of the laws according to all of the opinions. Many people choose to be more stringent on various issues. Much can be written about each and every detail. The laws contained herein are the basic requirements to fulfill the Halachic obligations. If this is difficult, a Halachic authority should be consulted.


MATZOH AND MAROR
SIZE: The size of a kezayis is a measurement in volume equal to the volume of half an egg. There is a difference of opinion if our eggs are smaller than those at the time of the Talmud. According to the Chazon Ish zt"l the size of a kezayis d'oraisa is 45 - 50 cc. and according to Hagaon Harav A. Chaim No'eh zt"l it is 25.6 - 28.8 cc. According to the Mishna Brura for a Mitzvah d'Oraisa we should measure according to the larger shiur (size) and for a Mitzvah d'Rabbonon it is permissible to rely on the smaller shiur (( ז.

It is very hard to give an exact standard shiur for the amount of hand matzoh that one has to eat for a kezayis d'oraisa & a kezayis d'rabbonon; therefore a Rav should be consulted. However, one can rely on the fact that by breaking the matzoh into small pieces and then filling up one's mouth with as much matzoh as possible (remaining relaxed) leaving minimal room for chewing afterwards, one will have eaten enough to fulfill one's obligation of the Mitzvah of eating Motzei Matzoh.
It should be noted that :
1. Hand matzoh should be used for Motzei Matzoh, Korech, and Afikomen. If this is impossible then a Rav should be consulted.
2. Korech is a Mitzvoh d'Rabbonon and requires a kezayis of matzoh and a kezayis of maror.
3. Afikomen is a Mitzvoh d'Rabbonon and requires a kezayis of matzoh. It would be preferable to eat 2 kezaysim(( ח.
4. Elderly people or those unable to meet these requirements should consult a Rav(( ז.


TIME LIMIT
1. If possible it is preferable to try and swallow one kezayis at one time. Otherwise, it is preferable that the kezayis for the Mitzvah d'Oraisa of Matzoh should be eaten within 2 min. (( ט or at least 4 min.

the Mitzvah d’Oraisa of Matzoh should be eaten within 2 min. ( ט ), or at least 4 min.
2. If this is very difficult then 5-6 minutes is acceptable by some Rabbinical authorities.
3. If this impossible then 9 minutes is also acceptable (י).
4. Relax, chew well and then begin swallowing. The time limit starts from when you begin swallowing.
5. If one encounters difficulty, a small amount of water may be sipped while chewing.

THE FOUR CUPS:
WHAT TO DRINK :
1. Red wine is preferable.
2. If it is difficult for one to drink wine he may use grape juice.
3. Those allergic to wine and to grape juice may use a "Chamar Medina" ((יא, for example tea and coffee in some countries. However, consult a Rav for exact details.
SIZE:
1. The cup used must contain at least a revi’is ((יב.
To avoid drowsiness: ( a ) Use a cup that does not exceed the minimum shiur (size). (When the Seder falls out on Friday night, a larger shiur of revi’is should be used for the First Cup ( ז ). ( b ) One may drink a glass of water immediately after swallowing the wine. (The water should be on the table at the time that one says the brocha of Borei Pri Hagafen so that the water is included in the brocha on the wine ((יג.
2. Preferably, one should drink the entire cup.
3. If this is very difficult, then drinking most of the cup is sufficient.
4. Under exceptional conditions, drinking most of a revi’is is also acceptable, even if the cup is much larger than a revi’is ((יד.
TIME LIMIT: Preferably, two swallows. If this is difficult then up to 4 minutes is acceptable. If this is very difficult then 5 or 6 minutes is also acceptable by some Poskim.

HAGADAH: The proper time for starting the Seder is right after tzeis hakochovim. Upon arriving home from Maariv one should start the Seder promptly in order that the children should not fall asleep before eating the Matzoh and Maror and the meal ((טו. Therefore, one should say the Hagadah as quickly as possible, and save the commentaries for later on.

LEANING: The mitzvoh of "Hasaivah," is to give one a feeling of freedom. One must lean on the left side, however, one should not lean in an uncomfortable manner. The Minhag is that women do not lean.

Footnotes:

(א) מ"ב ס' תקכ"ט ס"ק ט"ו . (ב) מחבר ס' תל"ג:ג ומ"ב ס"ק י"ז. (ג) מחבר ס' תמ"ב:ב. (ד) סי' תמ"ב מ"ב ס"ק ל"ג ושע"ת ס"ק י"ב.
(ה) מ"ב ס' תנ"א ס"ק ל"ב. (ו) מחבר ס' תע"ב:א. (ז) מ"ב סי' תפ"ו ס"ק א ובה"ל ס' רע"א:יג בד"ה של רביעית. (ח) מ"ב ס' תע"ז ס"ק א' וע"ע שם בשעה"צ אות ד'. (ט) שו"ת ח"ס ח"ו ס' ט"ז, וע"ע מ"ב ס' תע"ה ס"ק ט' עוד פרטים לכתחילה. (י) ח"ס שם, וע' מ"ב תרי"ח ס"ק כ"א. (יא) מ"ב ס' תע"ב ס"ק ל"ז. (יב) שיעור רביעית Size of revi'is) ) :
חזו"א:(5.07 fl oz) 150.0 ml.........................
הג"ר משה פיינשטיין:(3.3 fl oz) 97.6 ml... , לחומרא: (4.42 fl oz) 130.7 ml
הגרא"ח נאה:86.0 ml............... (3.0 fl oz)
ע"ע לעיל אות (ז). עיקר חיוב ד' כוסות היינו מדרבנן, וקידוש בליל שבת יסודו בדאורייתא. (יג) מ"ב ס' קע"ד ס"ק ג'. (יד) מ"ב ס' תע"ב ס"ק ל"ב, ל"ג. (טו) מ"ב ס' תע"ב ס"ק ג' ושעה"צ אות ב'.
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