ื”ืฉื•ืื”: ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื‘ื“ืฃ

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ืฉื•ืจื” 37: ืฉื•ืจื” 37:
ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ [[ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœื•ืคื™ืืŸ]] ื–ืฆ"ืœ<ref>ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืฉืžื•ืช, ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•, ื“ืฃ ืงืข"ื‘</ref> ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ืš: ย 
ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ [[ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœื•ืคื™ืืŸ]] ื–ืฆ"ืœ<ref>ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืฉืžื•ืช, ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•, ื“ืฃ ืงืข"ื‘</ref> ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ืš: ย 
{{ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ|ืื ื™ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืžืคื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ [[ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื—ื ืŸ ื•ืกืจืžืŸ|ืจ' ืืœื—ื ืŸ ื•ืกืจืžืŸ]] ื–ืฆ"'ืœ, ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืฉื [[ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื]] ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ, ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืืžืจ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืืคืก ื ื’ื“ื”, ื•ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš [ืœื ืืžืจ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ] ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช - ืขืช ืฆืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืขืงื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื” ื™ื•ืฉืข.|}}
{{ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ|ืื ื™ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืžืคื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ [[ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื—ื ืŸ ื•ืกืจืžืŸ|ืจ' ืืœื—ื ืŸ ื•ืกืจืžืŸ]] ื–ืฆ"'ืœ, ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืฉื [[ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื]] ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ, ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืืžืจ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืืคืก ื ื’ื“ื”, ื•ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš [ืœื ืืžืจ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ] ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช - ืขืช ืฆืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืขืงื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื” ื™ื•ืฉืข.|}}
ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื’ื™ื ื”ื”ืจื’ื”<ref>[http://www.hebrewbooks.org/pdfpager.aspx?req=20691&hilite=66dae8e2-d63b-4c90-bb02-7a79d8df88d2&st=%d7%9b%d7%9c+%d7%94%d7%a2%d7%95%d7%9c%d7%9d+%d7%9c%d7%9b%d7%a3+%d7%a8%d7%92%d7%9c%d7%95 ืขืžื•ื“ ื™ื‘].</ref> ืžืขืชื™ืง ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”[[ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ]] (ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืžืื” ื”-15) ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื”"<ref>ืคืจืง ื–.</ref>, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืชื™ืืจ ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื›ืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืชื™ืืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืชื•ืืžื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื™ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืจ ื•ืฉื ืืžื•, ื•ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืจ ื™ื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืš ื™ืขืฆื•ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื:
{{ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ|ื•ื–ืืช ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžืคื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื•ื›ื•' ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ืจืื” ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืœืžืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื ืืฉืจ ื ื‘ืจื, ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืช ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ืจืฉืข ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืฉืœ ื‘ืืฃ ื•ื—ืžื”, ื•ึฐืฆึดื•ึปื™ื•ึน ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ื•ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ืฉื•ื ืื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ื’ืžื™ืจื ื‘ืœื™ ื’ืžื•ืœ, ื•ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื– ื‘ืฆืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฆื ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื›ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ืจืฉืข ื™ื›ื ื™ืข ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื›ืฃ ืจื’ืœื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื ึดึผืฉึฐืืึธืจ ื‘ึฐึผืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืชึธืจ ื‘ึดึผื™ืจื•ึผืฉึธืืœึทืึด ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื ื™ึตืึธืžึถืจ ืœื•", ื•ึฐืขึทืœ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื–ื•ึน ื ื™ื‘ื ื‘ืœืขื "ืื•ึนื™ ืžึดื™ ื™ึดื—ึฐื™ึถื” ืžึดืฉึปึผืืžื•ึน '''ืึตืœ'''", ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ึผืขืžื•ื“ ืจืฉืข ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉืžื• ื•ืฉึตืื ืึดืžึผื•ึน ืžึฐืจึปืžึธึผื– ื‘ืื•ืชื™ึผื•ืช ื"ืœ [= ืื“ื•ืœืฃ ืœืื˜ื™], ืกื˜ืจื ื“ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ื‘ืฆืจื•ืฃ ืกื˜ืจื ืื—ืจื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’, ื•ื™ื ืฆื— ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื ืœืืจืขื ืงื“ื™ืฉื, ืœืืจืขื ื“ื™ืฉืจืืœ.|}}


==ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืืžื•ื ื™ืช==
==ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืืžื•ื ื™ืช==

ื’ืจืกื” ืžึพ11:22, 17 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2013
Nuvola apps kcmpartitions.png ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืขืจืš ื–ื”
ืขืจืš ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ืžืœื ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืฉืœื, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื• ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™. ื”ื ื›ื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื ื”ื—ืกืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื–ื•. ืจืื• ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”.
ื˜ืœืื™ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ "ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™" ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื•ื›ืจื—ื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืœืขื ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื”ื, ื”ืคืš ืœืื—ื“ ืžืกืžืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื”

ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื“ืช ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืช"ืฉ-ืชืฉ"ื”, ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ืจืฆื—ื• ื‘ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื›ืฉืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื˜ืฃ, ื‘ืžื™ืชื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื–ื•ื•ื™ืขื•ืช.

ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”. ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื›ืœื™ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื’ืขื” ืงืฉื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืคืจื™ืงื”.

ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”

ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—

ืจืงืข

ืœื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืœื—

ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช

ืžืจื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื–ื ื™ื

ื”ื”ืฉืžื“ื”

ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื”

ื“ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืฉืขื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื”

ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืื•ื ื•, ื”ืจื‘ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืขืจื•ืกื™[1], ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืžื™ืช ืืช ืคื•ืฉืขื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืืช ืฉืขื”.

ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื™ื™ื›ืžืŸ

ื”ืจื•ืฆื— ืื“ื•ืœืฃ ืื™ื™ื›ืžืŸ ื™ืž"ืฉ ืขืœ ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื ืืฆื™ื™ื ื ืžืœื˜ื• ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื•ื ืืžืจื™ืงื”. ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ืžืงืฆื™ื ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื”ื ืืฆื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื, ืื“ื•ืœืฃ ืื™ื™ื›ืžืŸ ื™ืž"ืฉ, ืฉื ืžืœื˜ ืœื‘ื•ืื ื•ืก ืื™ื™ืจืก, ื‘ื™ืจืช ืืจื’ื ื˜ื™ื ื”. ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ื•ืกื•ื“ื™, ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืื™ืกืจ ื”ืจืืœ, ืœืœื›ื•ื“ ืืช ืื™ื™ื›ืžืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืื•ื–ื ืจ. ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื” ื”ืขื™ื“ื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื’ื–ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ืื“ื•ืœืฃ ืื™ื™ื›ืžืŸ ื™ืž"ืฉ ืื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืจืฆื— ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื•ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื•ื•ืช ื‘ืชืœื™ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืืฆื™ื ื•ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื”ื. ื”ื•ื ื ืชืœื” ื‘ื›ืœื ื‘ืจืžืœื”, ื’ื•ืคืชื• ื ืฉืจืคื” ื•ืืคืจื• ืคื•ื–ืจ ืžืขืœ ื”ื™ื, ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืฉืคื˜ ื–ื” ืขื•ืจืจ ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืžืฉืคื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื•ืฉืข ื ืืฆื™ ื”ื™ื” "ืžืฉืคื˜ ื“ืžื™ืื ื™ื•ืง" ื•ื‘ื• ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื’'ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื™ืื ื™ื•ืง ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืื” ื›ื•ื ื” "ืื™ื•ื•ืืŸ ื”ืื™ื•ื". ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื“ืžื™ืื ื™ื•ืง ื–ื•ื›ื” ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ืจืื™ื•ืช.

ืืกื•ืŸ ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื

ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื”ื , ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื–ืจ ื’ืจื•ื“ื–'ื™ื ืกืงื™[2] ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืงืœื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก ืงืœืžื™ืฉ ืฉืคื™ืจื ืžืคื™ืืกืฆื ื”[3], ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœืžื” ื˜ื™ื™ื›ื˜ืœ[4], ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’[5], ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ืžืกืœื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœื•ื ื ื— ื‘ืจื–ื•ื‘ืกืงื™[6], ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžืœื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืฅ'[7] ื•ืขื•ื“[8], ืืฉืจ ืจืื• ื‘ืฉื•ืื” ืืกื•ืŸ ื—ืกืจ ืชืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™.

ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžื—ืจื™ื“ ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”[9]:

  1. ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ
  2. ื‘ืขืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืชื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื’, ื™ื—, ื“"ื” ื•ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื; ื•ืขื•ื“). ื”ื—ื•ืžืฉ ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื• "ื›ึฐึผืฉึตืืฉื ืžึตืื•ึนืช ืึถืœึถืฃ ืจึทื’ึฐืœึดื™ ื”ึทื’ึฐึผื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืœึฐื‘ึทื“ ืžึดื˜ึธึผืฃ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื‘, ืœื–) ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืฉื”ื ื›ืจื‘ืข ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”[10], ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืชืฉืข ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ (9,600,000) ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.

ื”ืฉื•ืื” - ื”ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื•/ืื• ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื”

ื™ืฉ ืฉืจืื• ื‘ืฉื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื ื‘ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ (ืคืจืง ืœื ืคืกื•ืง ื‘).

ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœื•ืคื™ืืŸ ื–ืฆ"ืœ[11] ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื›ืš: "ืื ื™ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืžืคื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืจ' ืืœื—ื ืŸ ื•ืกืจืžืŸ ื–ืฆ"'ืœ, ืฉืืžืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ, ืฉื—ื–"ืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื, ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ืืžืจ ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืชื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื›ืืคืก ื ื’ื“ื”, ื•ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš [ืœื ืืžืจ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ] ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช - ืขืช ืฆืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืขืงื‘, ืื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื” ื™ื•ืฉืข."

ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื’ื™ื ื”ื”ืจื’ื”[12] ืžืขืชื™ืง ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ (ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืžืื” ื”-15) ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื”"[13], ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืชื™ืืจ ืืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื’ื•ื’ ื•ืžื’ื•ื’ ื›ืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื, ืชื™ืืจ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืชื•ืืžื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื™ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื•ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืจ ื•ืฉื ืืžื•, ื•ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืจ ื™ื ืกื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืš ื™ืขืฆื•ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื:

""

ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืืžื•ื ื™ืช

ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžื—ื ื” ื”ื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื‘ื™ืจืงื ืื•- "ืื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ 2"

ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื“ืขื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืฉืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ:

ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื›ืขื•ื ืฉ

ื—ืœืง ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกื‘ืจื• ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืื” ื›ืขื•ื ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ื”ืจื‘ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืžื ื—ื ืžืŸ ืฉืš, ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืคื•ื ื™ื‘ื–', ื”ืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื ืื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื "ื:

"ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ, ืื™ืš ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืฉื•ืื” ื ื•ืจืื” ื›ื–ื•? ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”... ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืขื“ ืœืžืื“: ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ื™ื”ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืœืื—ื“, ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื”ืžืชื ื”ืœ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืžืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ... ื•ืื ืœื ื ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืจื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉืื ื• ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘"ื” ื—"ื•."
ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš: "ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ืกื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ืžื” ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•? ืžืชื™ ืžืกืคืจ, ืžืขื˜ ืžืื“! ื•ื™ืœื ื ืขื™ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื” ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช... ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื›ืชื” ืœืœื ืจื—ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื“ ืฉื ืชืžืœืื” ื”ืกืื”"[14]"... ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื• ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืชืงืจื‘ื• ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื”, ืฉื ื’ื‘ืจื” ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืืกื™ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื”ื™ื• ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช. ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื•ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงืจื‘ื• ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื”, ื’ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ื”ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื•ืช‏[15] ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืชืงืจื‘ื• ืฉื ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ืช... ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื‘ื” ืœืžื“ื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื• ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ืจื—ื™ืงื• ืื•ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืฉืžืจื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ืง ื”ืจืฆื•ื™, ื”ืชื›ื‘ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื."

ื”ื•ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื–ื• ืข"ืค ืžืืžืจ ื—ื–"ืœ ื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” "ืžืืจื™ืš ืืคื™ื” ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื” ื“ื™ืœื™ื”"[16], ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžืœืืช ื”ืกืื” ืžื—ื˜ืื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ืคืจืข ืžื”ื. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืžื“ื•ืข, ืื ื›ืŸ, ื ืกืคื• ื‘ืฉื•ืื” ื’ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืฉื™ื‘: "ืจืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืขืชื”, ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ืœื ืขืžื“ืชื™ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื•. ื‘ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื™ ืืกื•ืŸ ื ื•ืจื ื‘ื• ื ื™ืกืคื• ื’ื ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘"ื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ื—ื•ื˜ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ื—ื™ื ื"[17]. ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ื–ื• ืขื•ืจืจื” ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ืœืŸ.

ื”ื™ื• ืฉืืžืจื• ืฉื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืื” ืืฆืœ ืขื“ื•ืช ืืฉื›ื ื– ื•ืœื ืืฆืœ ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื‘ืฉืœ ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช[18], ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืคื’ืขื” ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžื–ืจื— ืฉื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ.

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืืœ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืœื‘ื•ื™ื, ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ืžืกืื˜ืžืืจ, ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ื•ื™ื•ืืœ ืžืฉื”", ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืคืจื” ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช[19].

ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•‏[20].

ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื–ื•

ืชืคื™ืกื” ื–ื•, ืฉื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืื” ื›ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ื ื ื” ืžื•ืกื›ืžืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืฉืœืœื• ืื•ืชื”.

ืจื‘ื™ ืžื ื—ื ืžื ื“ืœ ืฉื ื™ืื•ืจืกื•ืŸ ืžืœื™ื•ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ[21] ื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœื ืื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืš ื•ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ึดื ื• ื ืฉื’ื‘ ืžื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•: "ื”ืฉืžื“ืช ืฉืฉื” ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ื ื•ืจืื” โ€” ืฉื•ืื” ืื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” (ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืจ"ืœ) ื“ื•ื’ืžืชื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช โ€” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ืขื•ื ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™' ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื—"ื• ืขื•ื ืฉ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื›ื–ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืฉื•ื ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ (ืข"ืค ื—ื›ืžืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”) ื›ืœืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ื›"ื ืจืง ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉ"ื›ืš ืขืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™", ื•ืืฉืจ "ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืœืคื ื™" ื•ื›ื•'."‏[22]

ืฉืขืจ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžื—ื ื” ืื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ- ืžื—ื ื” ื”ื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื”ืกื™ืกืžื "ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช" ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช

ื’ื ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง, ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื‘, ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœืืžื™ืจื” ืฉื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืื” ื›ืขื•ื ืฉ (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ืœืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช)(ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ).

ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื

ืคืจืง ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ืกืจ. ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ืจืื• ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”.

ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ื ื™ืชื•ืง ืžื”ื’ืœื•ืช

ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืงื•ืง, ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืขืจืš ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื, ืื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืื”. ื”ืกื‘ืจื• ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื™ื "ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ื•ืจื" ืœื”ืกืจืช ื”ื–ืคืช ืฉื“ื‘ืงื” ื‘ื ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช[23].

ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœืžื” ื˜ื™ื™ื›ื˜ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื”(ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ), ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ[24].

ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื•ืฆืื˜ื•- ื”ืจืžื—"ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืžืืžืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”", ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ืืฃ ื’ื ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื”ื ืœื ืžืืกืชื™ื ื•ืœื ื’ืขืœืชื™ื ืœื›ืœื•ืชื ืœื”ืคืจ ื‘ืจื™ืชื™ ืืชื ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ื”ื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื• ืžื“), ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื ืงืฆื‘ื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช, ื”' ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืฉืžื™ื“ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืจื•ื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื, ืืœื, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ื ืกื’ืจื™ื ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื”' ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคืชื— ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื”' ืฉื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืื–, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•, "...ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื” ืœืš ืขืžืœืง ื‘ื“ืจืš ื‘ืฆืืชื›ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื”, ื™ื–), ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืฉื•ืื” ื›ื–ื•, ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื ืฆืœ ื”ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ, ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ[25].

ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ืชืงื•ืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืคืจืง ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ืกืจ. ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ืจืื• ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”.

ื™ืœื“ ืžืจื™ื ื™ื“ื™ื• ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื™ืกื•ืœ ืžืจื“ ื’ื˜ื• ื•ืจืฉื”, ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ื”ืคื›ื” ืœืื—ืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืžืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ

ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืจืื• ืงืฉืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืงื•ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ:

ืžืคื•ืจืกืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื‘ ื”ืœื•ื™ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง ืžื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ (ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ืงื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืคืง", ืคืกืงื” ื“ - "ืฉืฉ ื“ืคื™ืงื•ืช", ืขืž' 16[26]):

"ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื™ืœ-ื‘ืœื”ื•ืช ืžืœื ื–ื•ื•ืขื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื ืง, ื˜ืจื‘ืœื™ื ืงื” ื•ื‘ื•ื›ื ื•ื•ืœื“, ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื’ื– ื•ื›ื‘ืฉื ื™ื; ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืชืจ ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœื˜, ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืŸ-ื”ืกืคืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืžื“, ืืฉืจ ืจืฆื” ืœืกื—ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื” ืžื‘ื™ืชื” ืœื›ื ืกื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช; ื‘ืœื™ืœ-ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืจืฃ ื•ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ื“ื•ื“ - ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื–ื” ืฆืฃ ื•ืขืœื” ื”ื“ื•ื“. ื”ืืœ ื”ืžืกืชืชืจ ื‘ืฉืคืจื™ืจ ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืคืชืื•ื ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ืคื•ืง ื‘ืคืชื— ืื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื” ื”ืกื—ื•ืคื” ื•ื”ื“ื•ื•ื™ื”, ืฉื”ืชื”ืคื›ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื›ื‘ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืคืจืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื’ื™ื”ื ื•ื. ืขืงื‘ ื”ื”ื›ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืคื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ืจืขื™ื”, ืขื˜ื•ืคืช ืื‘ืœ, ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ!"

ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื›ื”ื ื (ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืื•ืจ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ" ืคืจืง "ืืชื—ืœืชื ื“ื’ืื•ืœื”"): "ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงืžื” ืžืขืคืจ, ืžืืคืจ ื”ืžืฉืจืคื•ืช..."

ื’ื™ืฉื” ื ื•ืกืคืช - ื”ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ 'ืคื™ืฆื•ื™' ืžื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื” - ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื—ื™ืืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื’ ื–ืฆ"ืœ (ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' ืฉืกื):

"ื”' ื”ืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื ื•, ืžืฉืžื™ื ื”ืชื™ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ืžืชื•. ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืฉื™ืกื” ืœื›ืœื‘ื™ ืฆื™ื“, ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ื•ืื™ื•ืžื•ืช, ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื ืคืœื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœืชืื•ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืคืจืื™ื•ืช. ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืื“ืžืชื” ื”ื˜ืžืื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ื”ื•ืฉืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื•ื ืื™ ื”ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™... ืื•ืœื ืฉืฉืช ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืœื ืฉืชืงื•. ืžื—ื ื” ืขื ืงื™ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืงื“ืฉื™ ื”' ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื• ืฉื•ืจื” ืื•ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ืกื‘ื‘ื•, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืืช ื›ืกื ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืขื ื”', ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœื ื—ืžื ื•, ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืขื ื•, ืœื”ืฉืงื™ื˜ ืืช ื›ืื‘ื ื• ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืžื ื™ ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื— ืœื ื• ืžืชื ื” ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืขืช ืขืชื” ื”ืขื ื™ืงื• ืื•ืชื” ืœื ื• ื›ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื“ ืืกื•ื ื ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ."

ื’ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื”[27]:

"ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืขืžื“ ืœืจื’ืœื™ ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ืขืžื“ื• ืขืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื ืฉืื• ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื–ื”. ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื˜ืื•ืช, ืืช ื›ืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืชืื™ ื”ืฆื™ื ื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื–, ื•ื”ืขื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืขืœืžื• ืžืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื™ื— ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื ื”ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืžื ื• ืชืฆื ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ื›ืื• ื•ื ืจื“ืคื•."

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืื”

ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช

ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืชืฉ"ื”: ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ื—ื’ ืขืจื›ื• ื”ื ืืฆื™ื ืกืœืงืฆื™ื” ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ืจื™ื’ื” ื ืขืจื™ื, ืฉื’ื•ื‘ื”ื ืœื ืขื‘ืจ ืืช ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืฅ ืฉื”ื ืืฆื™ื ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื•, ื•ื›ืœืื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฆืจื™ืฃ. ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ื ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ 'ืคืฉื•ื˜' ืžื”ื•ื ื’ืจื™ื”. ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ื ืคืฉื•, ื”ืื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื‘ื ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉื ืขืจ ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืœืงื— ืชื—ืชื™ื•.

ื•ื›ืš ืžืืชืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื (ืฉื•"ืช ืžืงื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื, ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื”, ืื•ืช ื’[28]):

"ื”ื ื” ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืืœื™ ืื™ืฉ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™, ืฉืืžืจ ืœื™: 'ืจื‘ื™! ื”ื‘ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™ ื ืžืฆื ืฉืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉืจื™ืคื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืคื“ื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืกืคืง, ืฉื”ืงืืคื•ืก ื™ืชืคืกื• ืื—ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืžื”ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืืœื” ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœืคืกื•ืง ืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื ืื ื™ ืจืฉืื™ ืœืคื“ื•ืชื•, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืŸ ืืขืฉื”'.
ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืžืขื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืœื–, ืจืขื“ื” ืื—ื–ืชื ื™ ืœืคืกื•ืง ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื•: 'ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืงืจ, ืื™ืš ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืกื•ืง ืœืš ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉืืœื” ื›ื–ื•. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”, ื”ืœื ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืืœื” ื›ื–ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ, ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื›ื”, ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืขื•ื“ ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื“ืขืช, ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืœืื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืจื•ืช'.
ืื›ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ื‘ื›ื™ื™ื” ืจื‘ื” ื”ืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ื™ ืžืื“, ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™: 'ืจื‘ื™, ืืชื ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœืคืกื•ืง ืœื™ ื›ืขืช ืืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉืืœื” ื‘ื•ืขืจืช - ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืขื•ื“ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœื•'. ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืชื—ื ืŸ ืืœื™ื•: 'ื™ืงื™ืจื™ ืฆืžื™ื“ ืœื‘ื‘ื™, ื”ืจืฃ ืžืžื ื™ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื–ืืช, ื›ื™ ืœื ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืš ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื—ืฆื™ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืžื‘ืœื™ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืกืคืจ, ื•ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื ื•ืจื ื•ืื™ื•ื ื›ื–ื”'. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ื™...
ื›ืฉืจืื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื™ื ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืœื›ื”, ืขื ื” ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™ ื‘ืจื’ืฉ ื•ื‘ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”[29]: 'ืจื‘ื™, ืื ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืืช ืฉืœื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืืœื”, ื•ืจื‘ ืื—ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ. ืื ืื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื ื•ืช, ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื™ ืœืคื“ื•ืช ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืฉืœื ืขื" [ื ืคืฉื• ืฉ]"ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืคืงืคื•ืง, ื•ื‘ื• ื“ืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื ื” ืœื™ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื›ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื”'.
ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืขื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจึทื™ ืืœื™ื•, ืฉืืœ ื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืœื™" [ืืช] "ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื›ืึดืœื• ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืžื ื• ื”ืฉืืœื”, ืืš ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืคื™ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืคืขื" [ืืช ื”]"ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ืœื‘ื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื‘ื›ื™ื™ื” ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ืงืจืข ื”ืœื‘ ืœื™"ื‘ ืงืจืขื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื›ื›ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ืœื ืคื“ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื•, ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฉืžื—ื” ืฉื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืืช ื‘ื ื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ื• ืœื”' ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืคื“ื•ืชื•, ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื ื• ืคื•ื“ื”ื• ืžื—ืžืช ืฉืจื•ืื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ืชื™ืจื” ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื–ืืช, ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื›ืขืงื™ื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”.
ื•ืืชื” ืื—ื™ ื™ืงื™ืจื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืฆื“ืงืช ื•ื‘ืชืžื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืกืคืง ืืฆืœื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืขืฉื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืจืขืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืคืžืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”, ื•ืงื•ื‘"ื” ื›ื™ื ืก ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื™ืœ ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจืชื™ ืžืขืœื”, ื•ื”ืฉืชื‘ื— ื•ื”ืชืคืืจ, ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืจืื• ื‘ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืจืืชื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื‘ืฆื“ืง ื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื•: 'ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืš ืืชืคืืจ' (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื˜, ื’)."

ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื ืืฆื™ื

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืื ื•ื•ื™ืฅ[30] (ืฉื•"ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืกื™' ื) ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื›ืœื™ ื ืฉืง ืืฃ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื“ื™ื ืชื• ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื™ืคืืŸ (ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ืชืคืชื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื ืืฆื™ืช).

ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืื”

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื• ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื”

ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ืขื’ื•ื ื•ืช

ืจืื” ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจ ืฆื‘ื™ ืื”"ืข ืกื™' ื ื”-ื ื•; ืกื“-ืข; ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ

ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช - ืจืื” ืฉื•"ืช ื—ืœืงืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื”"ืข ืกื™' ื›ื’-ื›ื”;

ื™ื•ื—ืกื™ืŸ - ืฉื•"ืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืกื—-ืกื˜ ืขืž' ืงืฆื’-ืงืฆื— (ื ืขืจื” ืฉืืžื” ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื™ืช - ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื”);

ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ืžื™ื

ื”ืคื’ื ื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื ื•ืื: ืจืืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื•ื–ื™ืฆื™ื” ื“ืื– ืžื ื—ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ

"ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ืžื™ื", ื‘ื• ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืœืฉืœื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ืขื•ืจืจ ืกืขืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช. ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื(ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ) ืชืงืคื• ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืงื‘ืขื• ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”', ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืคืจืฉ ื›ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžื—ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคืฉืขื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ื ื ื•ื“ืข ืื– ืจืืฉ ื”ืื•ืคื–ื™ืฆื™ื”, ืœื™ืžื™ื ืจืืฉ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื ื—ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ื• ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ืงื•ืง(ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ). ืชื•ืžื›ื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ืจืง ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื ืฉื“ื“ ื•ื ื’ื–ืœ, ื•ืื ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘, ืž"ืž ืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืŸ ื ืงืจื: "ื”ึฒืจึธืฆึทื—ึฐืชึธึผ ื•ึฐื’ึทื ื™ึธืจึธืฉึฐืืชึธึผ?!" (ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื›ื, ื™ื˜), ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืฉื›ืกืฃ ื–ื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื.

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื•ื‘ ื”ืœื•ื™ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœื”ืกื›ื ื–ื”, ืืš ืœื™ืžื™ื ืืžืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืฉื˜ืขื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ืžืื“ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ืืœืžืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืื•ืชื - ืกืคืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคืชื— ื›ืœ ื›ืš (ื ืคืฉ ื”ืจื‘, ืžืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ, ...)[31].

ืฉืืœื” ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ืžื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžื”ื ืžืขืฉืจ ื›ืกืคื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื ื›ืกืคื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉื‘ื• ืœื”ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื”. ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื“ื ื‘ืจื’ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉื•"ืช ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ (ื—"ื• ืกื™' ื›ื–), ื•ืคืกืง ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉ ืžื›ืกืฃ ื–ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ื’ื•ื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืžื ื•.

ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช - ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื ื”ื’ื™ ืื‘ืœื•ืช

ืคืจืง ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื—ืกืจ. ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ืจืื• ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ื“ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื—ื”.

ืจื‘ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื•, ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขื•ืจืจ, ืœื‘ืจืจ ื•ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืกื’ื•ืœืชื ื• ื›ืขื, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉื™ืกื›ืœื• ื›ืœ ืชื•ืคืขื” ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ืช, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.

ื™ืฉ ืฉืจืื• ืืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฆื•ืช ื–ื›ื™ืจืช ืขืžืœืง[32].


ื™ื•ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืื”

ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืื”, ื”ื•ื ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื›ืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื•, ืกื‘ืœ ืฆืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืจืื•ืช, ื”ื—ืœ ืžื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ืžืงื“ืฉื™ื ื•, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืขืงื“ื• ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื“ืฃ ื ืœืื” ืžืœื”ื›ื™ืœื, ื•ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืจื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ "ื“ืช ื”ืื”ื‘ื”", ืืฉืจ ื˜ื‘ื—ื•, ืจืฆื—ื•, ืขื™ื ื• ื•ืฉืจืคื•, ืœื ื—ืกื• ื•ืœื ื—ืžืœื•, ื•ืฉืืจ ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ื ื›ื—ื“ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื”, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืจ ื”ืฆื•ืจืจ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ ื•ืฉืืจ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืฉื™ืชืคื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขืžื•, ื•ืœื›ืœ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื›ืจื ื•ืœื‘ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื, ื”ืœื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืจื•ื— ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื•ืช "ื™ื•ื ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ" ื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ื ื•, ืฉื ื–ื›ื•ืจ ืžื” ื–ืืช ืขืฉื” ืœื ื• ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืžื” ื–ืืช ืขืฉื” ื”' ืœื ื•, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื ื‘ื•ื ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืชืคื™ืœื”, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืจืื” ื”' ืืช ืขื•ื ื™ื ื•, ื•ืžืขืคืจ ื“ืœื•ืชื ื• ื™ืจื•ืžืžื ื•, ื•ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื’ืืœื ื• ื’ืื•ืœืช ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื”ืจื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•[33].

ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ ืฉืงืจืื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืื”[34], ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื˜ืขืžื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืชืงื ื” ื›ื–ื•.



ื›"ื– ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ - ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืื” ื•ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจื”

ืœืื—ืจ ืงื•ื ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืงื‘ืขื• ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื›"ื– ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืื” ื•ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจื”. ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ(ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ) ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืฉื•ืื”, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•, ื•ื—ืœืงื ืืฃ ื’ื™ืœื• ื“ืขืชื ื›ื™ ื’ื ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื™ื•ื ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื–ื”, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื›ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœ"ืฉื•ืื”" ืืš ืœื ืœ"ื’ื‘ื•ืจื”", ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืชื•ืจื ื™[35].

ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืœืœื™

ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืช ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ืœืœื™- ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ (ื™ืืจืฆื™ื™ื˜) ืœืื•ืชื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื™ื•ื ืจืฆื™ื—ืชื. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ืงื“ื™ืฉ, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกืคื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืจืง ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื ืกืคื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื ืžื•ืชื ืœื ื ื•ื“ืข ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืงื“ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื”.

ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืงื‘ืขื” ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืงื“ืฉื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืขืจื•ืš ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ ื‘ื• ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืื‘ืœ.

ื”ืื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชืขื ื™ืช ืœื–ื›ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื”?

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืงื‘ืขื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืชืขื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ื›ืฉื ืฉื ื’ื–ืจื” ืชืขื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืคืจืขื•ืช ืช"ื— ื•ืช"ื˜ ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื• ืืช ื™ื•ื ื›' ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืฆื•ื. ืื—ืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื–ืจื• ืืช ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘, ื’ื–ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชืขื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืืจืขื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืื”[36]. ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืœืคื™ ื“ืขื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืงื™ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื•ื— ื•ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช[37]. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืชืขื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืชืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื ื•ืจืื•ืชื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืžืฆืžื ืืกื•ืŸ ื–ื•ื•ืขืชื™ ื›ื–ื” ืœืชืขื ื™ืช ืื—ืช ื•ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื›ืš, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื’ื–ืจื• ืฆื•ื ืขืœื™ื”[38].

ืืžื ื, ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื™ื™ื–ื™ืง ื”ืœื•ื™ ื”ืจืฆื•ื’, ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืขื•ื“ ื˜ืจื ื ื’ืžืจื• ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื”, ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื™ื•ื ืชืขื ื™ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืคืฉืจื™, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขื“ ืœื’ืžืจ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื™ื "ื—ื‘ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ื—" ื•ืœืื—ืจื™ื” ืชื‘ื•ื ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืœืžื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื•ืคื™ (ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื•"ื— ืกื)

ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฆื™"ื” ืงื•ืง, ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืช "ืื‘ ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื", ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช, ืืžื ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืš, ื•ืืขืค"ื› ื™ืฉ ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื ื›ืš ืœืžืขืฉื”[39]

ืงื™ื ื•ืช ืœืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื”

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืงื™ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืœืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘. ื™ืฉื ื” ืงื™ื ื” ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื•ื•ืื–ื ืจ. ืงื™ื ื” ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื“ื‘ ื•ื™ื™ืกืžื ื“ืœ. ืจืื” ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืงื™ื ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจ".


ื™ืฆืจืช ืื ื“ืจื˜ืื•ืช ืœื–ื›ืจ ื—ืœืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื”

"ื”ืจ ื”ืืคืจ"- ืื ื“ืจื˜ื” ืžืขืœ ื”ืจ ื•ื‘ื• ืืคืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืฉืจืคื• ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ื”ื”ืฉืžื“ื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื ืง

ืฉื•"ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ื›ืจืš ื‘ - ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ื›ื‘ - ื”ืงืžืช ืžืฆื‘ืช ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื–ื›ืจ ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื

ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื ืงืžื” - ื”ืืžื ื?

ืฉื•"ืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื ืขืžื•ื“ ืขื“:

"...ื•ืœืžื˜ื™ืคื™ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื” ื•ื”ืื—ื“ื•ืช ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ: ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืœื›ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืฃ ืœืจืฉืขื™ื ื”ืืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืงืœืฆื˜ื•ื ื™ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืจ"ื— ื‘ืŸ ืชืจื“ื™ื•ืŸ: ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืงืคืฅ ื•ื ืคืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืื•ืจ [ืข"ื– ื™"ื—, ื]."

ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืื”

ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื”

ืกืงื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืขืœ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”' ื‘ืฉื•ืื”

ืกืงื™ืจื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื” - ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ืืžื•ื ื”

  • ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ืกื‘ืชื•, ื‘ื•ืื™ ื”ืจื•ื—, (ื”ืกืคืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื”)
  • ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืื™ืจ ืœืื•, ืืœ ืชืฉืœื— ื™ื“ืš ืืœ ื”ื ืขืจ, ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ืชืงื•ืžื”, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช
  • ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆืจ ืงืจืืชื™- ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื. ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื” ืคืจืื’ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง.

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื


ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื

  1. โ†‘ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ 'ืžื•ืจืฉืช.
  2. โ†‘ ืจืื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”: "ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื–ืืช ื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืœื” ื›ืžื“ื•ืจืช ืืฉ..." (ืžืงื•ืจ).
  3. โ†‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื• 'ืืฉ ืงื•ื“ืฉ' (ืœื—ื ื•ื›ื”, ืขืž' ืงืœื˜, ื‘ื”ืขืจื”): "ืื‘ืœ ื›ื”ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืชื•ืช ืจืขื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื—ื“ืฉื• ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉืœื”ื™ ืชืฉ"ื‘, ืœืคื™ ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื•ืชื..."
    ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœืฉืขืจ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืžืชื” ื‘ืชืื™ ื’ื–ื™ื.
  4. โ†‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื• 'ืื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื”' (ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”): "ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ื— ื ืฉื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืช ืขืžื™ ืืฉืจ ืงืจื” ืœื ื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ืช ื’ื‘ืจื”... ื•ืžื™ืžื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื” ื›ื–ืืช. ืืžืช, ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืœืžื™ื ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ื ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžืชืคืฉื˜ืช ื›ื–ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืœื•ื›ื•ืช ืื™ื™ืจื•ืคื... ื›ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ื•ืœืช ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉืข..."
  5. โ†‘ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืงื“ืžืชื• ืœืฉื•"ืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ: "ืžืขืฉื™ ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืขืœื•ืœื™ ืจืฉืข ื•ืžืจืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ืžืช ื”ื’ื˜ื• ื•ืžืขืฉื™ ืชื•ืขื‘ื” ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื•ื”ื”ืกื’ืจ ืืฉืจ ืœื ื ืจืื• ื›ืžื•ื”ื ืžื™ื•ื ื‘ืจื•ื ื”' ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ... ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื• ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ..."
  6. โ†‘ ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก "ื”ื”ืจื•ื’ื” ืขืœื™ืš" (ืื™ื™ืจ ืชืฉ"ื”, ืขืž' ื–): "ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ื•ื ื•ื”ื˜ืจืื’ื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ. ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืื—ื™ื ื•, ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื, ื ื˜ื‘ื—ื• ื•ื ืฉืจืคื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืื›ื–ืจื™ืช. ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื ื• ื ื‘ื•ืืช ื“ื ื™ืืœ (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื™ื‘) "ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืช ืฆืจื” ืืฉืจ ืœื ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ื™ ืขื“ ื”ืขืช ื”ื”ื™ื". ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื™ื—ืก ืœืฆืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช... ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืขืžื“ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื—ืžื ื• ื‘ื›ืคืœื™ื™ื, ื ื—ืžื• ื ื—ืžื• ืขืžื™, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืืชื ื• ืชื ืื™ื, ื™ื‘ื ื” ื•ื—ื›ืžื™ื”, ืื ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื ื—ื..."
  7. โ†‘ ื‘ื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืช (ืชืฉื "ื, ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' 120): "...ืฉื•ืื” ืื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” (ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืจ"ืœ) ื“ื•ื’ืžืชื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช..."
  8. โ†‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื›ื”ื ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• "ืื•ืจ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ" (ืคืจืง "ืืชื—ืœืชื ื“ื’ืื•ืœื”"): "ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื•, ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉื™ืื ื‘ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื ื•ืจืื” ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื“ื’ื•ืžืชื”..."
  9. โ†‘ ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืžืืžืจ 'ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื’ืื•ืœื”', ืžืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืื‘ื™ื ืจ, ืžืชื•ืš ืกืคืจื• 'ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื', ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' 159-161.
  10. โ†‘ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื’ื™ืœ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืขื“ ื’ื™ืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื˜ืฃ ื•ื–ืงื ื™ื. ื•ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ืžื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื.
  11. โ†‘ ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืฉืžื•ืช, ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•, ื“ืฃ ืงืข"ื‘
  12. โ†‘ ืขืžื•ื“ ื™ื‘.
  13. โ†‘ ืคืจืง ื–.
  14. โ†‘ ืขืค"ื™ ืื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื ืชืŸ (ื ื•ืกื— ื‘ ืค"ื–): "ืื‘ื ื—ื ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ: ...ืžื™ ื›ืžื•ืš ื—ืกื™ืŸ... (ืชื”ืœื™ื ืคื˜, ื˜) - ื—ืกื™ืŸ ืืชื”, ืฉืืชื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื—ื™ืจื•ืคื• ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืคื• ื•ื ื™ืื•ืฆื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉืข ื”ื–ื” (-ืืกืคืกื™ืื ื•ืก) ื•ืฉื•ืชืง, ืœืžื—ืจ ื›ืฉืชืžืœื ื”ืกืื” ืฉืœื• ืชื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช, ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ืื™ื•ื‘ ื›, ื›ื‘): ื‘ืžืœืืช ืกืคืงื• ื™ืฆืจ ืœื•".
  15. โ†‘ ื•ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœืžื” ื˜ื™ื™ื›ื˜ื”ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืฉื” ืฉื ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ื‘ (ื•ืคื•ืจืกืžื” ื‘'ื”ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ' ืชืžื•ื– ืชืฉืข"ื), ืฉืžื—ืžืช ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉื• ืจื‘ ืฉื™ื•ื“ืข ืœื ืื•ื ื™ืคื” ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช (ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื”ื• ืขืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ื—ื›ื ืืžื™ืชื™), ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ืืชื ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื ื ื•ืื ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช ื•ื“ื—ื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” - ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื ื•ืื ื’ืจืžื ื™ (ืฉื ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 5, ืžืชื•ืจื’ื ืžืื™ื“ื™ืฉ), ืจืฉืข ืขืจื™ืฅ ืžื–ืจืข ืขืžืœืง ืฉื‘ื ืื•ืžื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืขืœื™ืœื•ืช ืจืฉืข ื•ื›ื–ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื.
  16. โ†‘ "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื ื™ื ื: ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ื•ืชืจืŸ ื”ื•ื - ื™ืชื•ื•ืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืขื•ื”ื™! ืืœื ืžืืจื™ืš ืืคื™ื” ื•ื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ืœื™ื”" (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืกื–, ื“, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืชืขื ื™ืช ืค"ื‘ ื”"ื).
  17. โ†‘ ื ืื•ืžื• ืคื•ืจืกื ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืขื™ืชืŸ ื™ืชื“ ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื "ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืช "ืชื•ื“ืขื”" ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžื•ืช ืชืฉื "ื.
  18. โ†‘ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจ(ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ). ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืœืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ืœ, ื‘ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงื˜ืŸ (ื”ืกืž"ืง ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื™ื): "ื’ื ืกืคืจื• ืœื ื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื›ืžื” ื‘ืชื™ ื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืืœื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืงืœื•ืช ืจืืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืžืจ (ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื–) ื”ืžืขืจืช ืคืจื™ืฆื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืชืŸ ืืœ ืœื‘ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื ื•ื—ืจื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ืจืื• ื•ืœื ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื—ื–ืŸ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช".
  19. โ†‘ ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื•ื™ื•ืืœ ืžืฉื” (ืžืืžืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื™ ืขืž' ืงื›ื’, ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืขืž' ื•-ื– ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื™' ืงืœื” (ืขืž' ืงืž): "ื›ื™ ืข"ื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉืžืฉื›ื• ืœื‘ ื”ืขื ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื“ื—ื™ืงืช ื”ืงืฅ ืœื™ืงื— ื”ืžืœื•ื›ื” ื•ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืจื—ืžื ื ืœื™ืฆืœืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ... ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืžืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืžืจื: 'ืื ื™ ืžืชื™ืจ ืืช ื‘ืฉืจื›ื' (ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ื.) ,ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” 'ื ืคืจืขื™ืŸ ืžืžื ื• ื•ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื' (ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื˜.), ื•'ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื—ืœืช ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื'..."
  20. โ†‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื ืชืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ืคืœื“, ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง ืชืฉื "ื”, ืขืž' ื›ื– (ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื 'ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”').
  21. โ†‘ ืจืื” ื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื "ื ื—"ื‘ ืขืž' 115-121. ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘"ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืœื›ื•ืช" ืคืจืฉืช ื•ื™ื—ื™ ืชืฉื "ื.
  22. โ†‘ ื”ืชื•ื•ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืž' 120.
  23. โ†‘ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื, ืขืž' 237: "ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืชื ื• ืžื—ื•ืฉืš ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ืžืคื™ืขื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื”ืื•ืžืจ "ืื”ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ืื“ื•ื ึดื™" (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื, ื”), ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืชืื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืกืจื‘ื™ื ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืขื“... ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืงื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื, ื•ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘'ื–ืคืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช'. ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”: ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืจื’ืœื• ืœื˜ื•ืžืืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืช, ื•ืžืกืจื‘ื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื•ื˜ื•ืžืืชื”. ืื– ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื•ื ืกืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืžืื” ื–ื• ื ืชื•ื— ื•ืจื™ืคื•ื™..." ื•ืจืื” ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืจืื™"ื” (ื—"ื, ืฉื•ืคืจื•ืช, ืขืž' 268-269). ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ืขื ื›ืœื‘ื™ื' (ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืื‘ื™ื ืจ, ื—"ื‘, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉืž"ื’, ืขืž' 166-176) ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื.
  24. โ†‘ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ืื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื” ืœื"ื™ ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžื–ืจื– ืœืขืœื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ.
  25. โ†‘ ื›ืš ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™(ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ).
  26. โ†‘ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ "ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื”" (ืžื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื•ื‘ ื”ืœื•ื™ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง), ืขืž' 23 (ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืืžืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื‘ื•ืŸ).
  27. โ†‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืคืจื•ืค' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืจืงื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืืชืจ 'ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”'.
  28. โ†‘ ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉื™ืงื’ื• ืชืฉื˜"ื•, ืขืž' 8; ื•ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ื .ื™. ืชืฉื "ื’, ืขืž' ื“-ื•. ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ 'ืชื—ื•ื ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช' ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ (ื‘ืคืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช-ืžื•ืกืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฆืจื” ื”ืชื•ืคืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”) ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื.
  29. โ†‘ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืื™ื“ื™ืฉ, ื•ืชื•ืจื’ื ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื”ื "ืœ. ื•ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืžื•ืขืชืง ืžืฉื.
  30. โ†‘ ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืœื™ื˜ื. ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื‘ ื•ืจ"ืž ื‘ืฆืคืช. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื‘ ื•ืื‘"ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื•ื ื˜ื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง. ื”ื™ื” ื ืฉื™ื ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ืงื ื“ื”. ื—ืžื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื•ื™ืœื•ื‘ืกืงื™ (ื”ืจื™ื“ื‘"ื–).
  31. โ†‘ ื”ื ื•ืกื— ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง. ื›ื“ืื™ ืฉืžื™ ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ืžื•ื ื— ืœืคื ื™ื• ื™ืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื—.
  32. โ†‘ ืจืื” ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื•ื”ื–ึดื›ึธึผืจื•ืŸ, ืžืชื•ืš: ืขืœื•ืŸ ..., ืคืจืฉืช ืชืจื•ืžื”, ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ, ืชืฉืก"ื, ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืžืก' 16.
  33. โ†‘ ืจืื” ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช - ืขืค"ื™ ืคืกืงื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ.
  34. โ†‘ ืฉื•"ืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ (ื—"ื ืกื™' ืœื ืขืž' ืขื“): "ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื™ื•ื ืื‘ืœ ื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื–ื›ืจ ืจื‘ื ื™ ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ื”ืจื’ื• ื•ืฉื ื˜ื‘ื—ื• ื•ืฉื ืฉืจืคื• ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื, ื•ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ืืช ื ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ืืœื”. ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืฉื›ื—ื• ืžื” ืื‘ื“ ืœืขืžื ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืฉืš ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื—ื ื™ืช ื›ืกื” ืืช ืืจืฆื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื”."
  35. โ†‘ ืจืื” ื”ืœื›ื” ื™ื•ืžื™ืช - ืขืค"ื™ ืคืกืงื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ.
  36. โ†‘ ืจื‘ื™ ืžืฉื” ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, "ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขื•ื”"ืจ ื ื”ืจื’ื• ืขืจืš ืขืฉืจื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ืข"ื™ ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ืœืขืจ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื™ืž"ืฉ, ืฉืžื”ืจืื•ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืื™ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืชืขื ื™ืช ื•ืœืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืชืžื” ืžืข"ื› ืขืœ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœื•ื. ื”ื ื” ื‘ืงื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘, ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืžื” ืฉืœื ืชื™ืงื ื• ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืชืขื ื™ืช ื•ืœื‘ื›ื™ื” ืขืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกืขื•ืช ื”ืฆืœื‘, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ืจืืค (ืื™ืจื•ืคื”) ืฉื’ืจื• ืฉื ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ื ื—ืจื‘ื• ื›ืžื” ืขื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ืจื›ื™ื, ื•ื ืงืจื ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื ืช ืชืชื "ื•, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื"ื™ ื”ืจื’ื• ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ืœืชืขื ื™ืช ื•ืœื‘ื›ื™, ืฉืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื ื‘ืงื™ื ื•ืช ื“ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ืžืื•ืชื• ื˜ืขื ืขืฆืžื• ืื™ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื’ื ืœื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื–ื”" (ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื” ื—ืœืง ื“ ืกื™ืžืŸ ื ื–). ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›' ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
  37. โ†‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืงืจืœื™ืฅ, "ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืื’ืจื•ืช".
  38. โ†‘ ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ืžืกืœื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœื•ื ื ื— ื‘ืจื–ื•ื‘ืกืงื™, ื‘ืขืœ "ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื", ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก "ื”ื”ืจื•ื’ื” ืขืœื™ืš" ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื”.
  39. โ†‘ ืœืžืฉืœ, ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืื‘ื™ื ืจ.
  40. โ†‘ ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜: ื—ืœืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ื—ืœืง ืฉื ื™
  41. โ†‘ ืœืฉืืœื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื” - ืจืื” ืฉื•"ืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ืืฉ ื—ืœืง ื ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืžื– ืขืž' ืชืข - ืžื™ ืฉื”ืฆื™ืœ ืกืคืจื™ื ืžืกืคืจื™ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืื ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื ืื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื
  42. โ†‘ ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื 'ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”' ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืกืคืจ ื–ื”.
  43. โ†‘ ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื™ืช 'ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื—ื›ืžื”'.
  44. โ†‘ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกืงื™ืจื” ืงืฆืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืืชืจ ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”.
  45. โ†‘ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืงืฆืช ืจืงืข ืœืกืคืจ ื•ืœืžื—ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืืชืจ ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”.
  46. โ†‘ ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื•ื‘ ื”ืœื•ื™ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘.
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