ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื—

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
(ื”ื•ืคื ื” ืžื”ื“ืฃ ื‘ืฉืœื—)
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื— ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช. ืฉืžื” ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืžืœื” ืฉื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ืคืจืฉื”:"ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึทืืœึทึผื— ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ืึถืช-ื”ึธืขึธื" (ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช, ื™"ื’,ื™"ื–). ืขื™ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื.

ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจื˜ ืืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื”, ื‘ื‘ืื•ืจื• ืœื“"ื” ื•ื™ื’ื“ ืœืžืœืš ืžืฆืจื™ื - " ืื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืŸ ("ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื" ื‘ืœื•ืขื–ื™ืช - ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•: ืžืชื—ื–ื™ื - ืžืจื’ืœื™ื) ืฉืœื— ืขื™ืžื”ื, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืฉืœืฉืช ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ืœื™ืœืš ื•ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืจืื• ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื, ื‘ืื• ื•ื”ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœืคืจืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™. ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืจื“ืคื• ืื—ืจื™ื”ื. ื•ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื™ืจื“ื• ืœื™ื. ื‘ืฉื—ืจื™ืช ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืจื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืคืกื—. ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™". ืžื›ืืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื” ื ืงืจืืช "ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื—" ื ืงืจืืช ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื™ืจื”.

ืžืฉื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืžืžื—ืจืช ื”ืคืกื— - ื˜"ื• ื ื™ืกืŸ, ื‘"ื ืชืž"ื— (2,448) ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื“ ื”ื’ืขืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืจืคื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›"ื’ ืื™ื™ืจ [1], ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืฉืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืชื—ืœืงืช ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:

  1. ื”ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืžืกืข ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ - ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘, ื ืฉื™ืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช:"ืœึนื-ื™ึธืžึดื™ืฉื ืขึทืžึผื•ึผื“ ื”ึถืขึธื ึธืŸ ื™ื•ึนืžึธื ื•ึฐืขึทืžึผื•ึผื“ ื”ึธืึตืฉื ืœึธื™ึฐืœึธื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึธื" [2]. ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื›ืชื‘:ืœืœืžื“ืš, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืื“ื ืžื•ื“ื“, ื‘ื” ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื• ื›ืฉื ืฉื™ื•ืกืฃ ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื•, ื›ืš ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื–ื›ื” ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื•.[3]
  2. ืจื“ื™ืคืช ืคืจืขื” ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืช ื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช. ืืžื ื,:" ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื™ึนืฆึฐืึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผื™ึธื“ ืจึธืžึธื”" [4] ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”:"ื“ึทึผื‘ึตึผืจ ืึถืœ-ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐื™ึดืกึธึผืขื•ึผ" (ื˜"ื•) ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื” ืœืขื.
  3. ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ- ื”ื ืก ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื•:"ื•ึทื™ึธึผื‘ึนืื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึทื™ึธึผื ื‘ึทึผื™ึทึผื‘ึธึผืฉึธืื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืžึทึผื™ึดื ืœึธื”ึถื ื—ื•ึนืžึธื” ืžึดื™ืžึดื™ื ึธื ื•ึผืžึดืฉึฐึผื‚ืžึนืืœึธื" (ื›"ื‘)
  4. ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื - ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืงื‘"ื” ื•ื’ื ืžืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื” ืขื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืคืช. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื ื›ืกืคืช ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืง:"ืชึฐึผื‘ึดืึตืžื•ึน ื•ึฐืชึดื˜ึธึผืขึตืžื•ึน ื‘ึฐึผื”ึทืจ ื ึทื—ึฒืœึธืชึฐืšึธ ืžึธื›ื•ึนืŸ ืœึฐืฉึดืื‘ึฐืชึฐึผืšึธ ืคึธึผืขึทืœึฐืชึธึผ ื”' ืžึดืงึฐึผื“ึธืฉื ืึฒื“ึนื ึธื™ ื›ึผื•ึนื ึฒื ื•ึผ ื™ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ" [5] - ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ.
  5. ื”ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื - ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื :"ืฉึฐืืชึตึผื™ื ืขึถืฉึฐื‚ืจึตื” ืขึตื™ื ึนืช ืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืฉึดืื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืชึฐึผืžึธืจึดื™ื "ื›"ื–). ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืงืฉื• ืงื‘ืœื• ืจืคื•ืื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ:ื•ึฐืฉึธืืžึทืจึฐืชึธึผ ื›ึธึผืœ-ื—ึปืงึธึผื™ื• ื›ึธึผืœ-ื”ึทืžึทึผื—ึฒืœึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ-ืฉึทื‚ืžึฐืชึดึผื™ ื‘ึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึนื-ืึธืฉึดื‚ื™ื ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึดึผื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืจึนืคึฐืึถืšึธ".
  6. ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืŸ - ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื™ืจืืœ ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”:"ื‘ึธึผืขึถืจึถื‘ ื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ืจ ืœึถืึฑื›ึนืœ ื•ึฐืœึถื—ึถื ื‘ึทึผื‘ึนึผืงึถืจ ืœึดืฉึฐื‚ื‘ึนึผืขึท"[6] . ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืขื•ื ื’ ืฉื‘ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื• ืœื—ื ืžืฉื ื” ืœืืžืจ :"ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึดึผืืฉึดึผืื™ ืœึธืงึฐื˜ื•ึผ ืœึถื—ึถื ืžึดืฉึฐืื ึถื” ืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึนืžึถืจ ืœึธืึถื—ึธื“ " [7].
  7. ืžืชืงืคืช ื”ืขืžืœืง - ื”ืฉืœื•ื” ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ืช ืคื•ืกืงืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืขืžืœืง ืชื•ืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:

"ื–ึธื›ื•ึนืจ ืึตืช ืึฒืฉึถืืจ-ืขึธืฉึธื‚ื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง ื‘ึทึผื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื‘ึฐึผืฆึตืืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื. ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืงึธืจึฐืšึธ ื‘ึทึผื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื•ึทื™ึฐื–ึทื ึตึผื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืšึธ ื›ึธึผืœ-ื”ึทื ึถึผื—ึฑืฉึธืืœึดื™ื ืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืึทืชึธึผื” ืขึธื™ึตืฃ ื•ึฐื™ึธื’ึตืขึท ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธืจึตื ืึฑืœึนืงื™ื". [8] . ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ืœ "... ื›ึดึผื™-ื™ึธื“ ืขึทืœ-ื›ึตึผืก ื™ึธื”ึผ ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ืœึทื”' ื‘ึทึผืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง ืžึดื“ึนึผืจ ื“ึนึผืจ" [9]

ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจืช: ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื—ืกืจ
ืžืคืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืชืจื:ori 229
ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื


ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืงืฆืจื” ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื— ืื ื• ื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื”. ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ืขืœื• ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•. ืฉื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื™ืชืงืœื• ื‘ืื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ืื– ื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืœืกื’ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืงืจื:" ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™, ื‘ึฐึผืฉึทืืœึทึผื— ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ืึถืช-ื”ึธืขึธื, ื•ึฐืœึนื-ื ึธื—ึธื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืคึฐึผืœึดืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ื, ื›ึดึผื™ ืงึธืจื•ึนื‘ ื”ื•ึผื: ื›ึดึผื™ ืึธืžึทืจ ืึฑืœึนืงื™ื, ืคึถึผืŸ-ื™ึดื ึธึผื—ึตื ื”ึธืขึธื ื‘ึดึผืจึฐืึนืชึธื ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื•ึฐืฉึธืื‘ื•ึผ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึฐืžึธื”. ื•ึทื™ึทึผืกึตึผื‘ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืช-ื”ึธืขึธื ื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทืžึดึผื“ึฐื‘ึธึผืจ, ื™ึทื-ืกื•ึผืฃ; ื•ึทื—ึฒืžึปืฉึดืื™ื ืขึธืœื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ, ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื." ([[ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช]], ื™"ื’, ื™"ื–,ื™"ื—)

ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ:ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึทืืœึทื— ืคึทึผืจึฐืขื”.. ื•ึฐืœื ื ึธื—ึธื ืึฑืœื”ึดื™ื ื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืคึฐึผืœึดืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ื - " ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึดึผื™ ืฉึถืื”ึทื›ึทึผื•ึธึผื ึธื” ื”ึธืึฑืœื”ึดื™ืช ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืœึฐื”ื•ืœึดื™ืšึฐ ืึถืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐื”ึทืจ ืกึดื™ื ึทื™ ืœึฐืงึทื‘ึตึผืœ ื”ึทืชึผื•ืจึธื” ื•ึผืžึดืฉึธึผืื ืœึฐืึถืจึถืฅ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ, ื›ึฐึผืึธืžึฐืจื• "ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืœึดื™ ืœึฐืขึธื.. ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืึถืœ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ" [10] , ืžึดื›ึธึผืœ ืžึธืงื•ื ื”ึทื›ึทึผื•ึธึผื ึธื” ืขึทืชึธึผื” ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืœึฐื”ื•ืœึดื™ื›ึธื ืœึฐื™ึทื ืกื•ึผืฃ, ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืœื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืœึฐืึทื—ึทื“ ืžึตืึตืœึถึผื”, ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืœึฐื”ึทื˜ึฐื‘ึดึผื™ืขึท ืฉึธืื ืึถืช ืคึทึผืจึฐืขื” ื•ึฐื—ึตื™ืœื•, ืขึทืœ ื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ "ื•ึผืžึธืฉึทืื›ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ืึถืœ ื ึทื—ึทืœ ืงึดื™ืฉืื•ืŸ ืึถืช ืกึดื™ืกึฐืจึธื" [11] . ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ื”ึทื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทื™ึธึผืฉึธืืจ ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึธึผืฆึธืจ ืœึธืœึถื›ึถืช ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึฐื™ึทื ืกื•ึผืฃ ื”ึธื™ึธื” "ื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ืึถืจึถืฅ ืคึฐึผืœึดืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ื", ืึธืžึทืจ ืฉึถืื”ึธืึตืœ ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึธึผืจึทืšึฐ ืœื ืจึธืฆึธื” ืœึทื ึฐื—ื•ืชึธื ื‘ึฐึผืื•ืชื• ื”ึทื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ.

ื›ึดึผื™ ืงึธืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ึผื - ืžึดืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ืฉึถืื”ึธื™ึธื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ึทื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื•ึฐืกื•ืคื• ืงึธืจื•ื‘ ืœึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื, ื•ึฐื™ึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึผ ืขื•ื‘ึฐืจึตื™ ื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืฉึธืื ื•ึผืžึทื’ึดึผื™ื“ึดื™ื ืžึดืฉึธึผืื ืœึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึผืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึฐืฉึธืื. ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ื‘ึดึผืจึฐืื•ืชึธื ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื”. ื‘ึฐึผืฉึธืืžึฐืขึธื ืฉึถืื™ึธึผื›ึดื™ืŸ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขื” ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื• ืœึดืจึฐื“ึผืฃ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ื”ึถื ืขึดื ื›ึธึผืœ ื—ึตื™ืœื•, ื™ึดื ึธึผื—ึตื ื”ึธืขึธื ื‘ึฐึผืœึดื™ ืกึธืคึตืง ืžึดื™ึดึผืจึฐืึทืช ืžึดืœึฐื—ึทืžึฐืชึธึผื ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ื•ึผ ืœึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื, ื•ึผืœึฐืคึดื™ื›ึธืšึฐ ื”ึฑืกึดื‘ึธึผื ืึถืœ ื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ืœื ืขึธื‘ึทืจ ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ ืึดื™ืฉื.

ื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทืžึดึผื“ึฐื‘ึธึผืจ ื™ึทื ืกื•ึผืฃ - ืฉึถืื™ึตึผืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ืœึฐื™ึทื ืกื•ึผืฃ ื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทืžึดึผื“ึฐื‘ึธึผืจ, ื›ึดึผื™ ื‘ึฐึผืื•ืชื• ื”ึทื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ืœื ื™ึธื‘ื•ืื•ึผ ืžึทื’ึดึผื™ื“ึดื™ื ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืœื ื™ึตื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื‘ึดึผืจึฐื“ึดื™ืคึทืช ืคึทึผืจึฐืขื” ืขึทื“ ืฉึถืื”ึดืฉึดึผื‚ื™ื’ ืื•ืชึธื, ื›ึฐึผืึธืžึฐืจื• "ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐื‚ืื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืช ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื ืกึตืขึท ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ื”ึถื" (ื™"ื“, ื™'), ื•ึฐืœื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืึธื– ืœึธื”ึถื ืชึทึผืงึธึผื ึธื” ื‘ึฐึผืฉืื•ึผื‘ึธื ื›ึดึผื™ ืœื ื™ึฐืงึทื‘ึฐึผืœึตื ืคึทึผืจึฐืขื” ื•ึฐื—ึตื™ืœื•.

ื•ึทื—ึฒืžึปืฉึดืื™ื ืขึธืœื•ึผ - ื•ึฐื›ึธืœ ื–ึถื” ื”ึปืฆึฐืจึทืšึฐ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ืช ืึทืฃ ืขึทืœ ืคึดึผื™ ืฉึถืื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืžึฐื–ึปื™ึธึผื ึดื™ื, ื›ึดึผื™ ืขึดื ื›ึธึผืœ ื›ึฐึผืœึตื™ ื–ึตื™ื ึธื ืœื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึธื”ึถื ืืžึถืฅ ืœึตื‘ ืœึฐื”ึดืœึธึผื—ึตื ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึดืžึธึผืœึตื˜, ื›ึดึผื™ ืœื ื ึดืกึผื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผืึตืœึถึผื”..

ื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื


ืœืฉืืœื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื ื‘ื—ืจื” "ื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื" ืœืžืกืข ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ืกื‘ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช:" ืฉื ืืžืจ: [12] ืึถืคึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ-ืจึธืึดื™ืชึดื™ ืœึฐืฆื•ึนืจ ืฉึฐืืชื•ึผืœึธื” ื‘ึฐื ึธื•ึถื” ื•ึฐืึถืคึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืึถืœ-ื”ื•ึนืจึตื’ ื‘ึธึผื ึธื™ื•". ื•ื”ืจื’ื•ื ืคืœืฉืชื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: [13] "ื•ึทื”ึฒืจึธื’ื•ึผื ืึทื ึฐืฉึตืื™-ื’ึทืช (ื”ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื) ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืœึธื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึธึผืึธืจึถืฅ ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึธืจึฐื“ื•ึผ ืœึธืงึทื—ึทืช ืึถืช-ืžึดืงึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื" .ื•ื”ื™ื• ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื—ืžืจื™ื ื—ืžืจื™ื, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืœ' ืฉื ื” ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืขื“ ืฉืœื ื™ืฆืื• ืื—ื™ื”ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื. ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื: ืื ื™ืจืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื ืฉื˜ื•ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžืฆืจื™ื.

ื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื ื ื™ืกื• ืœืฆืืช ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืคื™ ืกื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื˜ืขื• ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืงืฅ, ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ 30 ืฉื ื” ืœ-400 ืฉื ื” ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืจื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆืื• ื”ื ื”ื•ืฉืžื“ื• ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื ื•ืœื™ ื’ื™ืจืกื‘ ืื—ืจืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืจืชื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืคืœื• ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื. ื•ื›ืš ืžืžืฉื™ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ:

ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืžื” ? ืœืžืœืš ืฉื ืฉื ืืฉื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื™ืœืš ืœืžื“ื™ื ืชื•. ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ืกืคื™ืง ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขื“ ืฉืžืชื” ืืฉืชื•. ืงื‘ืจื” ืขืœ ืคืชื— ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื ืฉื ืื—ื•ืชื”. ืืžืจ ื”ืžืœืš: ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืžืกื‘ื‘ื” ืฉืœื ืชืจืื” ืงื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ืชื” ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื”.

ืžื” ืขืฉื” ? ืกื™ื‘ื‘ื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื: ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื• ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืื—ื™ื”ื ืžื•ืฉืœื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžืฆืจื™ื.

ืžื” ืขืฉื” ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ? ื ื˜ืœ ื“ืžื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืœ ื‘ื• ื›ืœื™ื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ: (ื™ืฉืขื™ื” ืกื’, ื‘) ืžื“ื•ืข ืื“ื•ื ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉืš. ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื: ืื™ื ื™ ืžืชื ื—ื ืขื“ ืฉืื ืงื•ื ื ืงืžืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื•ืœื ื ื—ื ืืœื”ื™ื. " [14]

ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืžืฉื” ืžืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืื—ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœื™ื•ืกืฃ - ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื™ืขืœื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ืงื—ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื• ืขืžื ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉื”:""ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึทึผื— ืžืฉึถืื” ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžื•ึนืช ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ื›ึดึผื™ ื”ึทืฉึฐืื‘ึตึผืขึท ื”ึดืฉึฐืื‘ึดึผื™ืขึท ืึถืช ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืคึธึผืงึนื“ ื™ึดืคึฐืงึนื“ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ื•ึฐื”ึทืขึฒืœึดื™ืชึถื ืึถืช ืขึทืฆึฐืžึนืชึทื™ ืžึดื–ึถึผื” ืึดืชึฐึผื›ึถื".


ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืœืžืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืžืœืžื“ ื›ืชื‘ [1] ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฆืืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืคืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื›ืš. ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืฉื” ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื•ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืจื‘ื” ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืขืœืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ. ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื• ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆืืช. ืœื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ืฉ ืชื›ื•ื ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืงืฉื™ื. ื–ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ 'ืฆื“ื™ืง', ื•ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื” ืžืชื’ืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžื•ืฉืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืžื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืžืฉื•ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• - ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืฉื•ืœ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœื˜ ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืืœื ืืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื.

ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื - ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ. ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื ื• "ื•ื™ืงื— ืžืฉื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืขื™ืžื•" - ื•ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืœื•ืงื— ืจืง ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ืืœื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ืขื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื.

ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืชืคื™ืœื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ื”' ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžืฉื” "ืžื” ืชืฆืขืง ืืœื™ื™, ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืกืขื•". ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืฉื” ื”ืชืคืœืœ ืœื”', ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืžืฉื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืžืจื• "ื•ืื›ื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืคืจืขื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื™ืœื•"?

ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ืื›ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉื” ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ืชืคืœืœ ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•. ืžื ื’ื“, ืจื‘ื™ ืฆื“ื•ืง ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฆื“ืงืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ืกื• ืžืชืจืฅ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”' ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืžืฉื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ- ืžืฉื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคืœืœ. ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืชืคื™ืœื” "ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ- ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžื”' ื™ืชื‘ืจืš" ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืžื’ื™ืข ืžื”', ื•ืฉืžืžื ื• ืชื’ื™ืข ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื”.

ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉื”' ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื "ืจื•ืคื ื—ื•ืœื™ ืขืžื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื•"ืžื‘ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื", ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”' ื•ืžืชืขืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื’ื ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”' ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื• ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื™ืชื• ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื›ืจืžืœ, ืžืชืคืœืœ ืœื”' ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืงืจื™ื‘ ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ ื”ื‘ืขืœ. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืžืจืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื•ืชื ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื”', ื•ื’ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ืจื›ืชื•.

ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ
ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจืช: ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื—ืกืจ
ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ - ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื“ื•ืจื” ืื™ืจื•ืคื•ืก -ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืชื•ืš ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉื™ืงื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื’ื™ืœ/ื’ื™ืœืจืžืŸ

ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ื›"ื ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ - ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื— ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืืช ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื.

ืคืจืฉืช ืงืจื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžืกืงื ื”:"ื•ึทื™ึผื•ึนืฉึทืืข ื”' ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืึถืช-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดื™ึทึผื“ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึทึผืจึฐื ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืช-ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืžึตืช ืขึทืœ-ืฉึฐื‚ืคึทืช ื”ึทื™ึธึผื. ืœื ื•ึทื™ึทึผืจึฐื ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืช-ื”ึทื™ึธึผื“ ื”ึทื’ึฐึผื“ึนืœึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉึธื‚ื” ื”' ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึทื™ึดึผื™ืจึฐืื•ึผ ื”ึธืขึธื ืึถืช ื”' ื•ึทื™ึทึผืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผื”' ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžืฉึถืื” ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผื•ึน [15]

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืก ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”'. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื”:

  • ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉื—ืจื™ืช - ืžืœื‘ื“ ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื ืืžืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”:"ืึฑืžึถืช. ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื’ึฐึผืึทืœึฐืชึธึผื ื•ึผ ื”' ืึฑืœื”ึตื™ื ื•ึผ. ื•ึผืžึดื‘ึตึผื™ืช ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื ืคึฐึผื“ึดื™ืชึธื ื•ึผ. ื›ึธึผืœ ื‘ึฐึผื›ื•ืจึตื™ื”ึถื ื”ึธืจึธื’ึฐืชึธึผ. ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ื•ืจึฐืšึธ ื™ึดืฉืจึธืึตืœ ื’ึธึผืึธืœึฐืชึธึผ. ื•ึฐื™ึทื ืกื•ึผืฃ ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึธึผืงึทืขึฐืชึธึผ. ื•ึฐื–ึตื“ึดื™ื ื˜ึดื‘ึทึผืขึฐืชึธึผ. ื•ึดื™ื“ึดื™ื“ึดื™ื ื”ึถืขึฑื‘ึทืจึฐืชึธึผ. ื•ึทื™ึฐื›ึทืกึผื•ึผ ืžึทื™ึดื ืฆึธืจึตื™ื”ึถื. ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึตื”ึถื ืœื ื ื•ืชึธืจ"
  • ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžืขืจื™ื‘ - ื’ื ื“ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ "ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื”":"ื”ึทืžึทึผืขึฒื‘ึดื™ืจ ื‘ึธึผื ึธื™ื• ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ื’ึดึผื–ึฐืจึตื™ ื™ึทื ืกื•ึผืฃ. ืึถืช ืจื•ื“ึฐืคึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐืึถืช ืฉื•ื ึฐืึตื™ื”ึถื ื‘ึดึผืชึฐื”ื•ืžื•ืช ื˜ึดื‘ึทึผืข. ื•ึฐืจึธืื•ึผ ื‘ึธื ึธื™ื• ื’ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืจึธืชื•. ืฉึดืื‘ึฐึผื—ื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ื•ื“ื•ึผ ืœึดืฉึฐืืžื•"

ืื– ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืžืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจืช: ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื—ืกืจ
ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื™ื - ืžืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ืžืฉื ืช ืชืจืค"ื—
ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื


ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื–ื›ื• ื•ืจืื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ื ื™ืกื™ ื”' ื•ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื•: ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช - ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืžื ื”, ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• - ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื˜ื‘ื™ืขืช ืฉื•ื ืื™ื”ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื• ื—ืงืงื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืœื•ืงื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ: ื•ึทื™ึทึผืึฒืžึดื™ื ื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผื”' ื•ึผื‘ึฐืžึนืฉึถืื” ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึผื•ึน, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืืชื ืœืฉื™ืจืช ื”ืœืœ ื•ื”ื•ื“ืื”. ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืกื•ื˜ื” ืžืกื›ืžืช [16] ื ืฉื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื. ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ: "ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื™ื‘ื: ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉืขืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ื ืชื ื• ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื”. ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืืžืจื• ืฉื™ืจื”? ื›ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื ืืช ื”ืœืœ ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืจืืฉื™ ืคืจืงื™ื. ืžืฉื” ืืžืจ: ืืฉื™ืจื” ืœื”' ื•ื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืฉื™ืจื” ืœื”', ืžืฉื” ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื’ืื” ื’ืื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืฉื™ืจื” ืœื”'. ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ ืื•ืžืจ: ื›ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื ืืช ื”ืœืœ ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื• ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ. ืžืฉื” ืืžืจ: ืืฉื™ืจื” ืœื”' ื•ื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืืฉื™ืจื” ืœื”'. ืžืฉื” ืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื’ืื” ื’ืื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื’ืื” ื’ืื”. ืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ: ื›ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืคื•ืจืก ืขืœ ืฉืžืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื•ืชื— ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื•ื ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื•."

ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืœืŸ ืžืืคืจืช ื“ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ืขืช ืจ' ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ : "ื•ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื™ื—ื“, ื•ื›ืš ืฉืจืชื” ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื™ื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื›ื›ืชื‘ื”", ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ืฉืจื•" ื‘ื ืคืจื“. ืื•ืœื ืžื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืžืจื; ื ืชื ื• ืขื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ืจื”, ื ืจืื” ืฉืืช ืขืฆื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื’ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื (ื›ืœ ืชื ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื•).

ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืžืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื• ื”ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืืช ื™ื–ืžืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืžืฉื”. ื›ืš ืœืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื:""ืžืฉื” ืœื‘ื“ื• ื—ื™ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื”, ื•ืœืžื“ื•ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืฉื•ืจืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืืฉื™ืจื” ืœื”'. ื•ื›ืžื•ื”ื• [17] :ื•ื™ืฆื• ืžืฉื” ื•ื–ืงื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืžืฉื” ืœื‘ื“ื• ืืžืจื”, ื•ื–ืงื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืžืจื•ื” ืœื›ืœ."

ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืžื•ืคื™ืข ืคืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื‘ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ:"ืกื™ืคืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ืฉืขื” ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืจืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื”ื™ื ืื– ื ืชืŸ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืฉื‘ื— ื•ื”ืœื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืืœืงื™ื ื•ืฉืจ ืฉื™ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ื•... ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื‘ืืžืจื• ืื– ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืกื“ืจื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื” ืœื‘ื“ื• ืกื“ืจ ืื•ืชื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื•ื”ื–ืžืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ืื– ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื”' - ืฉื›ืœื ืฉื•ืจืจื• ืื•ืชื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื•ื”ื ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ืžืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืคืกื•ืง ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“... ื•ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื›ืœื ืฉื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื” ืœื‘ื“ื• ืžืฉื•ืจืจ ื›ืœ ืคืกื•ืง ื•ืคืกื•ืง ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื™ืขื ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื• ืืฉื™ืจื” ืœื”' ื›ื™ ื’ืื” ื’ืื” ืกื•ืก ื•ืจื•ื›ื‘ื• ืจืžื” ื‘ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืขื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื ื–ื•ืœืช ื–ื”."

ืžืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจืช: ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื—ืกืจ
ืžืจื™ื ืขื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื•ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื - ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื”ืžืื” ื”-14 - ืžื•ื–ืื•ืŸ ืจื•ืกื™ - ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ื”ืชื•ืจื: Cherubino
ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืžืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื”


ืœืื—ืจ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื™ื-ืกื•ืฃ, ืžืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื: "ื•ึทืชึดึผืงึทึผื— ืžึดืจึฐื™ึธื ื”ึทื ึฐึผื‘ึดื™ืึธื” ืึฒื—ื•ึนืช ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืึถืช-ื”ึทืชึนึผืฃ ื‘ึฐึผื™ึธื“ึธื”ึผ ื•ึทืชึตึผืฆึถืืŸึธ ื›ึธืœ-ื”ึทื ึธึผืฉึดืื™ื ืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ื”ึธ ื‘ึฐึผืชึปืคึดึผื™ื ื•ึผื‘ึดืžึฐื—ึนืœึนืช. ื•ึทืชึทึผืขึทืŸ ืœึธื”ึถื ืžึดืจึฐื™ึธื ืฉึดืื™ืจื•ึผ ืœึทื”' ื›ึดึผื™-ื’ึธืึนื” ื’ึธึผืึธื” ืกื•ึผืก ื•ึฐืจึนื›ึฐื‘ื•ึน ืจึธืžึธื” ื‘ึทื™ึธึผื" [18].

ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืœื›ืš ืžื“"ื” ื•ืชืงื— ืžืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื” -" ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื ืชื ื‘ืื” ื›ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ื•ืช ืื”ืจืŸ, ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืžืฉื”, ืืžืจื” ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืืžื™ ืฉืชืœื“ ื‘ืŸ ื•ื›ื•'" [19] .

ืœืจื“ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ (ืข"ืค ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžืœื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืฅ')[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืœืื—ืจ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ืึพืกื•ืฃ ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึทืกึทืข ืžืฉื” ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื™ืฆืื• ืืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ืจ". ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ, ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื•ึทื™ึทืกึทืข" ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื”: "ื”ืกื™ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื". ื‘ื ื™ึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืกืงื• ื‘'ื‘ื™ื–ืช ื”ื™ื' โ€“ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉืคืœื˜ ื”ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฆื‘ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื” ื ืืœืฅ ืืคื•ื ืœื”ืกื™ืข ืืช ื”ืขื ืžื”ืžืงื•ื ืขืœึพื›ื•ืจื—ื.

ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ ื—ื‘"ื“ ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืœืจื“ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื : [20] ื”ื™ืฆืžื“ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ "ื‘ื™ื–ืช ื”ื™ื" ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืชืžื™ื”ื” ืจื‘ื”: ื”ืœื•ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ืึพ ืกื•ืฃ ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื ื™ึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืจื•ื—ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืคืœืื”. ื”ืขื ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจืืช ืฉืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” โ€“ "ื•ื™ื™ืจืื• ื”ืขื ืืช ื”'". ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ื”ืขื" ืžื›ื•ึผื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœืคื—ื•ืชื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื—ืช ืขืžืš" [21] . ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืงืจื™ืขืช ื”ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”'ืขื' ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืจืื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.

ื—ื–"ืœ ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ื›ืš :""ืจืืชื” ืฉืคื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ืžื” ืฉืœื ืจืื” ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื•ื–ื™". ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ื’ื” ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ - ืจืืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื” - ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื” - ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืื“ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ื ื’ื ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื - ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจืื• ืฉื ืžืจืื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื–ื”. ืžืฉื” ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืคื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืœืœื›ืช. ื™ืฉื ื• ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื–"ืœ ืฉื”ื ืจืฆื• ืœืงื—ืช ืฉืœืœ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœืœื›ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื–ื•ื”ืจ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื ืจืื• ืืช ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื ื•ื™ืจืื• ืžืžื ื• ื•ื”ื ืœื ืจืฆื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืขืœื” ื”ื–ื•, ืขื“ ืฉืžืฉื” ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืกื™ืขื ืขืœึพื›ื•ืจื—ื ?!

ืžืจืช ืฆื™ืจืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ื ื™, ื”ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืชื•ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืžืœื™ื•ื‘ืื•ื•ื™ื˜ืฉ ืžืกื›ืžืช:ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉ"ื‘ื™ื–ืช ื”ื™ื" ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืœื ืจืง ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื’ืฉืžื™, ืืœื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ "ืจื›ื•ืฉ' ืจื•ื—ื "ื™. ื‘ืฉืขืช ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ืึพืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชื’ืœืชื” ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžื•ืคืœืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืจืฆื• ื‘ื ื™ึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื, ืืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœืฉืžื•ื— ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื” โ€“ "ืฉื ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ื•".

ืื•ืœื ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืฉืืœื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื” โ€“ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื– ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืžื•ืคืœืื” ื›ืœึพื›ืš, ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ืจ ? ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ืึพืกื•ืฃ, ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืื•ืชื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืจืง ื‘'ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ืจ'. ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืขืึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืึพืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืชื ื” ืฉื‘ืื” ืžืœืžืขืœื”. ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ 'ื ึทื”ึฒืžึธื ื“ึฐื›ึดืกึผื•ึผืคึธื', ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื—ื ื‘ื•ืฉื”. ืืžื ื ื”ืฉืคืข ืจื‘ ื”ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื“ื ื—ืฉ ื‘ื•ืฉื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ื‘ืขืžืœื• ืืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื—ื™ื ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘. ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืื“ื ืžืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืžืœื• ื•ื‘ื™ื’ื™ืขืชื•. ืืžื ื ืขืœึพื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™. ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ "ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ืกื›ื ื”", ื•ื‘ื›ืœึพื–ืืช ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ืฉืžื” ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื”, ื›ื™ ืจืง ืขืœึพื™ื“ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช, ืฉื‘ืื” ืžื›ื•ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื•ื™ื’ื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื–ื• ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘.

ื—ืง ื•ืžืฉืคื˜[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘ืžืจื” ื ืืžืจ :"ืฉึธืื ืฉึธื‚ื ืœื•ึน ื—ึนืง ื•ึผืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜" [22]. ืขืœ ื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ: ืขืฉืจื” ืžืฆื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ : ืฉื‘ืข ืžื”ืŸ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื— ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ. ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื‘ืืจ ืฉื ืฉื ืœื• - "ื‘ืžืจื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืงืฆืช ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืชืขืกืงื• ื‘ื”ื ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ"

ื•ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื ื— ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืจื‘ื”:

  1. ื”ืจื™ื ื™ืŸ - "ื•ื™ืฆื• ืืœื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืจื ื”ื’ืŸ ืื›ืœ ืชืื›ืœ, ื•ื™ืฆื• ืืœื• ื”ืจื™ื ื™ืŸ"
  2. ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' - ื ื•ืงื‘ ืฉื ื”'
  3. ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” - ืœื ื™ื”ื™ ืœืš ืืœื•ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื
  4. ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื - "ืฉื•ืคืš ื“ื ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืื“ื, ื‘ืื“ื ื“ืžื• ื™ืฉืคืš:
  5. ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช - "ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉืœื— ืื™ืฉ ืืช ืืฉืชื• ื•ื”ืœื›ื” ืžืืชื• ื•ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืœื™ื” ืขื•ืจ ื”ืœื ื—ื ื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื ืฃ ื”ืืจืฅ ื”ื”ื™ื ื•ืืช ื–ื ื™ืช ืจืขื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืืœื™ ื ืื ื”'.
  6. ื’ื–ืœ - "ืžื›ืœ ืขืฅ ื”ื’ืŸ"
  7. ืื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™- "ืืš ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื ืคืฉ ื•ืจืžื• ืœื ืชืืฆืœื•

ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ:"ืชื ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ: ืฉื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ืช ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื ื— (ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืœื” ืœืงืžืŸ): ื“ื™ื ื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช (ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื ืขืจื” ื”ืžืื•ืจืกื”, ื›ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ [23] ื’ื‘ื™ ืื‘ื™ืžืœืš 'ื”ื ืš ืžืช ืขืœ ื”ืืฉื” ืืฉืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœืช ื‘ืขืœ': 'ื‘ืขื•ืœืช ื‘ืขืœ' ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื, 'ื ืขืจื” ื”ืžืื•ืจืกื”' ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื), ื•ืฉืคื™ื›ื•ืช ื“ืžื™ื, ื•ื’ื–ืœ, ื•ืื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™: [24]


ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ: ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• - ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• - ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื ืฉื” ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ - ื”ื™ื‘ื•ื

ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง :"ืฉึธืื ืฉึธื‚ื ืœื•ึน ื—ึนืง ื•ึผืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉื˜. ื”ื•ื ืžืชื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืง ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืคืจื˜:" ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื‘ื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ื ื•ืจื ื•ืฆื™ืžืื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืฉื ืœื”ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ื™ืชื, ื•ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื”ื ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื”ื ืขื“ ื‘ื•ืื ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืงืจื "ื—ื•ืง", ื›ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื™ืคื ื™ ืœื—ื ื—ื•ืงื™ [25] , ื—ื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื ื•ืืจืฅ ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืœื’ ื›ื” , ื•ื™ืงืจื "ืžืฉืคื˜" ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืฉื•ืขืจ ื›ื”ื•ื’ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื” ืขืฉื” ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื›ื” ืžืฉืคื˜ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื [26] , ื›ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืงื”ื• [27], ื•ืืจืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ื• ื™ืฉื‘ ื™ืจืžื™ื” ืœ ื™ื—, ืขืœ ืžื“ืชื•.

ืื• ืฉื™ื™ืกืจื ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ื”ืจืขื‘ ื•ื”ืฆืžื, ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ื”ื ืืœ ื”', ืœื ื“ืจืš ืชืœื•ื ื”. ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืฉื™ื—ื™ื• ื‘ื”ื, ืœืื”ื•ื‘ ืื™ืฉ ืืช ืจืขื”ื•, ื•ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ืขืฆืช ื”ื–ืงื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืฆื ืข ืœื›ืช ื‘ืื•ื”ืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื• ืฉืœื•ื ืขื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื ื” ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืชื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืกืจ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืœืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืฉื• ื›ืœ ืชื•ืขื‘ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืชื‘ื•ืฉืฉื•, ื•ื›ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืฆื™ื•ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื’ ื™): ื›ื™ ืชืฆื ืžื—ื ื” ืขืœ ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ืš ื•ื ืฉืžืจืช ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืข:

ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ืžื‘ืืจ ืื—ืจืช: ืฉื ืฉื ืœื• ื—ืง ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ - ื—ืง - ื–ื” ื”ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ - ื–ื” ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข.

ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื™ ืื•ืžืจ: ื—ืง - ืืœื• ืขืจื™ื•ืช, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืขืฉื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืขื‘ื•ืช. ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ ืืœื• ื“ื™ื ื™ ืื•ื ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ืงื ืกื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ื‘ืœื•ืช

ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืŸ[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืŸ
ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจืช: ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื—ืกืจ
ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืชื‘:"ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื“ืง ื›ื›ืคื•ืจ, ืฉื˜ื•ื— ืงืœื•ืฉ ื•ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ื’ืœื™ื“" - ื”ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฆื™ืœื:Maksim

ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื "ื‘ึทึผื—ึฒืžึดืฉึธึผืื” ืขึธืฉึธื‚ืจ ื™ื•ึนื ืœึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืฉึตึผืื ึดื™ ืœึฐืฆึตืืชึธื ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื" [28]. ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ื›ื™ "ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื (ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช) ื‘ึฐึผืฉึดืื‘ึฐืชึตึผื ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ-ืกึดื™ืจ ื”ึทื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ืจ ื‘ึฐึผืึธื›ึฐืœึตื ื•ึผ ืœึถื—ึถื ืœึธืฉื‚ื‘ึทืข" ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื "ื›ึดึผื™-ื”ื•ึนืฆึตืืชึถื ืึนืชึธื ื•ึผ ืึถืœ-ื”ึทืžึดึผื“ึฐื‘ึธึผืจ ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืœึฐื”ึธืžึดื™ืช ืึถืช-ื›ึธึผืœ-ื”ึทืงึธึผื”ึธืœ ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื‘ึธึผืจึธืขึธื‘". ื•ืื– ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—: "ื“ ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึถืœ-ืžืฉึถืื” ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืžึทืžึฐื˜ึดื™ืจ ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึถื—ึถื ืžึดืŸ-ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืžึธื™ึดื ื•ึฐื™ึธืฆึธื ื”ึธืขึธื ื•ึฐืœึธืงึฐื˜ื•ึผ ื“ึฐึผื‘ึทืจ-ื™ื•ึนื ื‘ึฐึผื™ื•ึนืžื•ึน ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืึฒื ึทืกึถึผื ึผื•ึผ ื”ึฒื™ึตืœึตืšึฐ ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืจึธืชึดื™ ืึดื-ืœึนื". ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืงืฉืจ, ื”ืขื ื’ื ื™ืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช:" ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึดึผืืฉึดึผืื™ ื•ึฐื”ึตื›ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืึตืช ืึฒืฉึถืืจ-ื™ึธื‘ึดื™ืื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืžึดืฉึฐืื ึถื” ืขึทืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ-ื™ึดืœึฐืงึฐื˜ื•ึผ ื™ื•ึนื ื™ื•ึนื" . ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ื™ืงื—ื• ืžืŸ ืœื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ื™ื™ืฆืื• ืœืœืงื•ื˜ .

ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ืžืžืกื›ืช ื™ื•ืžื ืืช ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืŸ :"ื•ื“ืข ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืŸ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืจืžื–ื•ื”ื• ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• [29] : ืœื—ื ืื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื›ืœ ืื™ืฉ [30] , ืœื—ื ืฉืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ืขืงื™ื‘ื. ืืžืจ ืœื• ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ: ื˜ืขื™ืช! ื•ื›ื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจืช ืื•ื›ืœื™ืŸ ืœื—ื, ื•ื”ืœื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืืžืจ [31] : ืœื—ื ืœื ืื›ืœืชื™ ื•ืžื™ื ืœื ืฉืชื™ืชื™?! ืืœื ืœื—ื ืื‘ื™ืจื™ื, ืœื—ื ืฉื ื‘ืœืข ื‘ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื. , ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืฉืื™ื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ.

ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืžืŸ ื ืงื‘ืข ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื”, ืฉืžืกืคืจื” ื›"ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื:"ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื”, ืฉืœื ืœืฆืืช ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช. ื”ื™ื [ื™ื’] ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ื™"ื’:, ืฉืœื ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ื. ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืืœ ื™ืฆื ืื™ืฉ ืžืžืงื•ืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™" [32].

ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืžืœืง[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืžืœืง, ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื›"ื– ืื• ื›"ื— ืื™ื™ืจ (ืœื”ืœืŸ). ื•ื›ืš ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื:"ื•ึทื™ึธึผื‘ึนื ืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง ื•ึทื™ึดึผืœึธึผื—ึถื ืขึดื-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึดึผืจึฐืคึดื™ื“ึดื" (ื™"ื–,ื—'). ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”:"ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืงึธืจึฐืšึธ ื‘ึทึผื“ึถึผืจึถืšึฐ ื•ึทื™ึฐื–ึทื ึตึผื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืšึธ ื›ึธึผืœ-ื”ึทื ึถึผื—ึฑืฉึธืืœึดื™ื ืึทื—ึฒืจึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืึทืชึธึผื” ืขึธื™ึตืฃ ื•ึฐื™ึธื’ึตืขึท ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธืจึตื ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื" (ื›"ื”, ื™"ื—), ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ ืœืคื’ื™ืขื”. ืจืฉ"ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉื ืชืŸ:" ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืจืื™ื ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ื›ื (ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ) ื•ื‘ื ื–ื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ื”ืจืื” ืžืงื•ื ืœืื—ืจื™ื."

ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ื:"ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึธืจึดื™ื ืžืฉึถืื” ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื•ึฐื’ึธื‘ึทืจ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐื›ึทืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึธื ึดื™ื—ึท ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื•ึฐื’ึธื‘ึทืจ ืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง". ื—ื–" ืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•:"ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉื” ื™ื“ื• ื•ื’ื‘ืจ -" ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืžื’ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื• ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืžืœืง ?! ืืœื ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ื™ื“ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื•ืžืืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืคืงื“ ืžืฉื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ื ืกื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช" (ืžื›ื™ืœืชื).

ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžื‘ืืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื“"ื” ืขื“ ื‘ื ื”ืฉืžืฉ - " ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืžืœืงื™ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืืฆื˜ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืื” ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืฉืขื” ื”ื ื ื•ืฆื—ื™ื, ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœื”ื ืžืฉื” ื—ืžื” ื•ืขืจื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืช". ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” " ื•ื™ื—ืœืฉ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข - "ื—ืชืš ืจืืฉื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื• ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืœื ื—ืœืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื•ืœื ื”ืจื’ื ื›ื•ืœื, ืžื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื™ื ื”".

ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื‘ื“"ื” ื•ึทื™ึผืืžึถืจ ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึธื“ ืขึทืœ ื›ึตึผืก ื™ึธื”ึผ= " ืึธืžึทืจ: ื˜ึทืขึทื ืชึฐึผืคึดืœึธึผืชึดื™ ื–ืืช ื”ื•ึผื ืžึดืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ืฉึถืื”ึธืึตืœ ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึธึผืจึทืšึฐ ื ึดืฉึฐืื‘ึทึผืข ืฉึถืืชึดึผื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœื• "ืžึดืœึฐื—ึธืžึธื” ื‘ึทึผืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง ืžึดื“ึผืจ ื“ึผืจ", ื•ึฐื—ึทื™ึธึผื‘ึดื™ื ืึธื ื•ึผ ืœึฐื”ึดืœึธึผื—ึตื ืžึดืœึฐื—ึทืžึฐืชึผื• ื‘ึฐึผื›ึธืœ ื“ึผื•ืจ ื•ึธื“ื•ืจ, ื›ึฐึผืึธืžึฐืจึธื "ืฉึธืืœืฉื ืžึดืฆึฐื•ืช ื ึดืฆึฐื˜ึทื•ึผื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึดึผื›ึฐื ึดื™ืกึธืชึธืŸ ืœึธืึธืจึถืฅ: ืœึฐื”ึทืขึฒืžึดื™ื“ ืœึธื”ึถื ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ, ื•ึผืœึฐื”ึทื›ึฐืจึดื™ืช ื–ึทืจึฐืขื• ืฉึถืืœ ืขึฒืžึธืœึตืง, ื•ึฐืœึดื‘ึฐื ื•ืช ืœึธื”ึถื ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผื—ึดื™ืจึธื”" [33] , ื•ึฐืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื”ึดืชึฐืคึทึผืœึทึผืœึฐืชึดึผื™ ืฉึถืื™ึดึผื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื”ื•ึผื ื ึดืกึดึผื™ ื•ึฐืจื•ืžึฐืžื•ึผืชึดื™ ืขึทืœ ื”ึธืื•ื™ึตื‘."

ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื ื‘ื ืฆืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขื ื”ืขืžืœืง ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื• ืขืžื•ื“ ืชืœ"ื‘. ื‘ืžืงืจื ื›ืชื•ื‘:"ืžึธื—ึธืจ ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื ึดืฆึธึผื‘ ืขึทืœ-ืจึนืืฉื ื”ึทื’ึดึผื‘ึฐืขึธื”" (ื˜). ื”ืจื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื” ื’ื‘ืขื” ื•ืื™ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ? ื‘ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื ืืžืจ: " ืึตืœึถืšึฐ ืœึดื™ ืึถืœ-ื”ึทืจ ื”ึทืžึผื•ึนืจ ื•ึฐืึถืœ-ื’ึดึผื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื”ึทืœึฐึผื‘ื•ึนื ึธื”" [34], ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื”. ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื”ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื” ืœื™ื•ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืขื“ ื‘ื•ืื ืืจืฆื”.

ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืžืจื” ืกืžื›ืช ืชืขื ื™ืช:"ืžื’ืœื’ืœื™ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ื ื–ื›ืื™" [35]. ื”ืจื‘ ื ื‘ื ืฆืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฉื ืจื‘ื• ืคืจืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฅ. ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ื˜"ื• ืื™ื™ืจ. ื”ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืจื“ืช ืœืžื—ืจืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื'. ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืงื˜ื• ืœืžื ืžืฉื ื”. ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ื ืกืขื• ืžืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ื™ื—ื ื• ื‘ืจืคื™ื“ื™ื. ื™ื•ื ื' ื”ื™ื” ื›"ื’ ืื™ื™ืจ. ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื ืœื—ืžื• ืขื ืขืžืœืง ? ืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื ื—ื•ื ืคืจืฆื•ื‘ื™ืฅ :"ืฉื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช". ื”ืคื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ื•ื˜ ืœืคืจืฉืช ื–ื›ื•ืจ ื›ืชื‘ "ืื– ืงื•ืฆืฅ" ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžืฉ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœื—ืžื”. ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžืื•ืชื• ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื’ื‘ืขื•ืŸ ืขืžื“ื”. ื™ืœืงื•ื˜ ืฉืžืขื•ื ื™ ื›ืชื‘: "ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื›ื ืก ื”ืฉื‘ืช" (ื‘'ื›"ื‘).

ืžืกื›ื ื”ืจื‘ ื ื‘ื ืฆืœ:" ื•ืื ื›ืš: ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื”ืคืœื ื•ืคืœื: ืžืœื—ืžืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืžืœืง ื”ืชื ื”ืœื” ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื›"ื— ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ.

ื”ืคื˜ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”(ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื“',ื“'-ื”',ืœ"ื). ืชื—ื™ืœืชื” "ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ื•ึนืจึธื” ืึดืฉึธึผืื” ื ึฐื‘ึดื™ืึธื” ืึตืฉึถืืช ืœึทืคึดึผื™ื“ื•ึนืช ื”ึดื™ื ืฉึนืืคึฐื˜ึธื” ืึถืช-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึธึผืขึตืช ื”ึทื”ึดื™ื". ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืœืœ ืœืงื‘"ื” ืขืœ ื ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืœืš ื—ืฆื•ืจ ื•ืฉืจ ืฆื‘ืื• ืกื™ืกืจื.

ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืคืจืฉื” ื•ืœื”ืคื˜ืจื” ื•ืœืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”: ื‘ื ื™ ืฉื™ืจืืœ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”, ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืฉืขื‘ื•ื“, ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” - ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ื: ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื•ื ื—ืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืŸ - ื•ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” - ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืฉื "ื•ืชืฉืงื•ื˜ ื”ืืจืฅ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”".

ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ืขื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”]. ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘: ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืืช ืฉื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื”ืคื˜ืจื” ืœืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื— - ืฉื™ืจืช ื”ื™ื. ื‘ื›ืš ืจืžื–ื• ืœื ื• ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช . ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ (ืื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื”) ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืจื‘ื™ื . ืื ื• ื‘ืื ื• ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ื™ื-ืฉื™ืจื™ื™ื. ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืงื“ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืงืจื ืคืจืง ืคืจื•ื–ืื™ (ืฉืžื•ืช ืคืจืง ื™"ื“, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืคืจืง ื“') ืฉื‘ื• ืžืกื•ืคืจืช ื”ืขืœื™ืœื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ื’ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจ. ืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืชืื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืงื•ื“ื (ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื”; "ื ื—ืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืŸ ื’ืจืคื" ื•ืขื•ื“).

ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื:

  • ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช - ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื ื‘ืžืœื™ื ื ืจื“ืคื•ืช,
  • ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช - ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืข ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ (ื•ืœื ืจืง ื›ืฉื•ืžืข ืคืกื™ื‘ื™) ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš

ื”ืฉื™ืจื”.

  • ื—ื–ืจื” + ื”ืฉืœืžื”. - ื›ืžื• "ื™ืžื™ื ืš ื”' ื ืื“ืจื™ ื‘ื›ื— ืชืจืขืฅ ืื•ื™ื‘". ืื• (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™"ื‘) "ืขื•ืจื™ ืขื•ืจื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื™ืจ". ื‘ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืชื— ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ืคื™ื•ื˜ื™ืช. ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขื•ืžื“ ืฉื“"ืœ ื•ืื•ืžืจ: "ื•ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš

ื”ื–ื” ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืžืืžืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืข ืชืœื•ื™ ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ืคื•. ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉืžืขื ื• ื™ื ืขื ืœื• ื›ืžืฉืคื˜ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื™".

  • ืฉืจืฉื•ืจ (ืืœื˜ื™ืจืฆื™ื”) - ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืคืกื•ืง ืื• ื‘ื—ืœืงื•. ื‘ื›ืš ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉ ื”ื ืืžืจ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ื•ืืงืœื™ืช ืื—ืช.
  • ืžืงืฆื‘ - ื™ืกื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืจื” ืžืงืจืื™ืช
  • ื”ืžืขื ื” - ืื—ื“ ื”ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ืžืงืจืื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืขื ื”.

ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกื›ื:"ื‘ืฉื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉื ื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” (ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื” ืžื—ื“ - ื•ื”ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ืžืื™ื“ืš). ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื: "ืขื“ ืฉืงืžืชื™ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืฉืงืžืชื™ ืื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ" [36] . ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชืคืก ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื— ืขืฆืžื™. ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ (ืฉืงืžืชื™) ืœืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ืช (ืฉืงืžืช) ื•ืื– ื ืงื‘ืœ ืขื ื™ื” ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื. ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ื–ื• ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื. ืœืžืฉืœ: ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื‘',ืœื. ืจื•ืช ื’',ื“, ื•ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ื ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘. ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืฆื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฆืจื•ืฃ ื™'. ื•ืืฃ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžืจื” ืฆื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื.

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

  1. โ†‘ ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื
  2. โ†‘ ื™"ื’, ื›"ื‘
  3. โ†‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงื‘ืจ ืืช ืื‘ื™ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื•ื™ืขืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœืงื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ืื‘ื™ื• (ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื ' ื–') , ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื—ื™ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื•, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืœืš. ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘: ื•ื™ืขืœ ืขืžื• ื’ื ืจื›ื‘ ื’ื ืคืจืฉื™ื ( ืฉื ืฉื ื˜' ) . ื•ื–ื›ื” ืœืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื”. ืžืฉื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืœืš, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื•ื™ื”ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืžืœืš ( ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ"ื’, ื”') . ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื–ื›ื” ืžืฉื” ืฉื™ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื• ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื•ื™ืงื‘ืจ ืืชื• ื‘ื’ื™ื (ืฉื ืœ"ื“, ื•' ) . ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“, ืืœื ืขื ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขืœื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืคืจืขื” ื•ื–ืงื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ื–ืงื ื™ ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื.
  4. โ†‘ ื™"ื“,ื—'
  5. โ†‘ ื˜"ื•, ื™"ื–
  6. โ†‘ ื˜"ื–,ื—'
  7. โ†‘ ื˜"ื–, ื›"ื‘
  8. โ†‘ ื›"ื”, ื™"ื–-ื™"ื—
  9. โ†‘ ื™"ื–, ื˜"ื–
  10. โ†‘ ืฉื ื•', ื–', ื—'
  11. โ†‘ ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื“', ื–'
  12. โ†‘ ื”ื•ืฉืข ื˜', ื™"ื’
  13. โ†‘ ื“ื”"ื ื–, ื›-ื›ื
  14. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืช, ื›',ื™"ื
  15. โ†‘ ื™"ื“,ืœ"ื‘
  16. โ†‘ ื“ืฃ ืœ ืข"ื‘
  17. โ†‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื–,ื
  18. โ†‘ ื˜"ื•, ื›'-ื›"ื
  19. โ†‘ ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™"ื’ ื'
  20. โ†‘ ืชื•ืจืช ืžื ื—ื ื›ืจืš ื›ื‘, ืขืž' 28
  21. โ†‘ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ 'ื™ืฉืจืืœ', ื”ืจื•ืžื– ืœื“ืจื’ื” ืžืจื•ืžืžืช
  22. โ†‘ ื˜"ื•, ื›"ื”
  23. โ†‘ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›,ื’
  24. โ†‘ ืžืกื›ืช ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื "ื•, ื
  25. โ†‘ ืžืฉืœื™ ืœ ื—
  26. โ†‘ ืฉ"ื ื›ื– ื™ื
  27. โ†‘ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืž ื™ื’
  28. โ†‘ ื˜"ื–,ื'
  29. โ†‘ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื™ื•ืžื (ืขื” ื‘)
  30. โ†‘ ืชื”ืœื™ื ืขื— ื›ื”
  31. โ†‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜ ื˜
  32. โ†‘ ื˜"ื–, ื›"ื˜
  33. โ†‘ ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื›, ื‘
  34. โ†‘ ื“',ื•'
  35. โ†‘ ื›"ื˜,ื'
  36. โ†‘ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื”', ื–'
ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข - ื—ืžืฉืช ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช: ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื ื—, ืœืš ืœืš, ื•ื™ืจื, ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืจื”, ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฆื, ื•ื™ืฉืœื—, ื•ื™ืฉื‘, ืžืงืฅ, ื•ื™ื’ืฉ, ื•ื™ื—ื™

ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช: ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ืืจื, ื‘ื, ื‘ืฉืœื—, ื™ืชืจื•, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืชืจื•ืžื”, ืชืฆื•ื”, ื›ื™ ืชืฉื, ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ, ืคืงื•ื“ื™

ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื: ื•ื™ืงืจื, ืฆื•, ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ืชื–ืจื™ืข, ืžืฆื•ืจืข, ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ืจ, ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ: ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื ืฉื, ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš, ืฉืœื—, ืงืจื—, ื—ืงืช, ื‘ืœืง, ืคื™ื ื—ืก, ืžื˜ื•ืช, ืžืกืขื™

ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ, ืขืงื‘, ืจืื”, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืชืฆื, ื›ึดึผื™-ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื, ื ืฆื‘ื™ื, ื•ื™ืœืš, ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”

ืขืœื•ื ื™ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข