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Case: Reuven, a rich man on his deathbed, had a will made, which included creating a tzedaka fund. Afterward, his brother-in-law Shimon reminded him that some of his relatives are poor, especially one of Reuven’s brothers. Shimon wrote down, with permission, sums of money to be put aside for these relatives from the tzedaka funds (four gold coins a week), and that if this is not enough money for his brother, two gold coins should be added for him. Reuven did not sign the will, but his wife and oldest son did, followed by two witnesses, who confirmed the former signatures and orally heard the wife and son’s confirmation of Reuven’s addendum to the will. Shimon held on to the addendum for three years without telling the brother, at which time the brother found out. When he asked the widow and orphans for back money, they said that the addendum is not binding because all the information came from them, and they were so distraught at Reuven’s illness that they agreed to things without understanding what was going on.
Ruling: The claim that the wife and son did not know what was going on is not accepted, since they signed and admitted the correctness of the addendum before witnesses. Their claim is no better than the claim that one did not understand the language of the document they authorized, which is not admissible (see Shulchan Aruch, CM 61:13).
P'ninat Mishpat (829)
Various Rabbis
331 - Rabbinic Ban to Protect Jewish Publishers
332 - Adding Relatives to Recipients of Posthumous Tzedaka Fund
333 - Adding on to Old Present or Setting New One?
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Regarding the provision that if the set amount is not enough, then more will be added, the language implies that this is to be taken from the family, not the tzedaka fund. Thus, perhaps the family admitted that they are obligated in this amount from the estate to the brother and are obligated to give back pay. However, the signatories are only the widow and one son, while the inheritors include four sons. Therefore, only the son who is signed obligated himself by means of his admission and has to pay one fourth of the amount that is ostensibly coming to the brother.
On the other hand, there are also difficulties with the language of the document. Since the other brothers have since grown up, we entered into an effort to come to a compromise between the inheritors and their poor uncle. The uncle agreed to drop the retroactive payments, and instead the estate will pay him four gold coins weekly.
P'ninat Mishpat P'ninat Mishpat: How Many Dayanim?
based on ruling 84139-1 of the Eretz Hemdah-Gazit Rabbinical Courts
Rabbis in Midrash
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Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 9 - "Seeing is Believing" (parag. 21-30)
These paragraphs elaborate on the theme that seeing and knowing is better than any attempt to prove logically, and begins explaining the difference between Israel and gentiles.
Ein Aya Various Universal Stages of the Geula Process
Rav Kook examines the various stages of redemption, explaining how (in addition to the obvious oft-mentioned stages of ingathering the exiles, reviving the Hebrew language, army, state etc.) the messianic dream of world prosperity, the State of Israel and world unity can and are realistically and logically gradually coming true.
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 8- "Answering Questions on the Kuzari's Proof from Mass Revelation
How do we know that the "claim" of mass revelation to 2,000,000 witnesses at Mt. Sinai is really true? This important class answers all of the questions skeptics ask about this claim of the Kuzari.
Ein Aya Armies Still Necessary for Balance & the War Against Wars
Rav Kook explains why the world was originally divided into the various seemingly contradicting ideologies and cultures, in order to develop each one respectively. Swords or armies symbolize how each respective ideology defends themselves, as well as deters their opposing ideologies and cultures. On the other hand, the messianic era will be one of peace, and Rav Kook explains the transition to that stage, which mankind is already undergoing.
The Land of Israel LGBT'S IN ISRAEL
The question was asked, how can one make Aliyah with the LGBT parades?
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 7 - Five Accumulative Proofs of G-d
As a preparation for the Kuzari's classic proof of G-d from the mass-revelation at Sinai, we start here with 5 other directions to strengthen our belief which also contribute to what the Kuzari will present as well.
Ein Aya Muscle & Meaning: The Dual Nature of Gevurah (Physical Strength)
Is physical strength and fitness a necessity or an ideal? Although it if often totally overlooked among topics of Judaism, Rav Kook writes that it clearly is also a necessity to deter the many enemies of Israel, but even in Y'mot HaMashiach, in the Messianic era, to a certain extent, it's ideal continues even after our enemies will have been finished off.
