ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื•

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื•
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ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืขื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ื˜ืœื™ืช
ืชืืจื™ืš ืœื™ื“ื” ื›"ื ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืจืค"ื˜
ืชืืจื™ืš ืคื˜ื™ืจื” ื›"ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ืข
ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขืกืง ื”ืœื›ื”, ืงื‘ืœื”,
ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ
ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืกืœืžืืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืฆืคื™, ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื ืขื˜ื™ื™ื”, ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฉืจืขื‘ื™, ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื‘ื•ื—ืฆื™ืจื, ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื“ืงื” ื—ื•ืฆื™ืŸ, ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื ืกื™ื, ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฆื“ืงื”,
ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ื‘ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื–ืขืคืจื ื™, ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขื“ืก ื•ืขื•ื“

ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืฆืžื— ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉืž"ื’- ืชืฉื "ื’, ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช "ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœืจื‘ื ื™ื".

ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื•

ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื• ื•ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ื™ืŸ

ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื›"ื ื‘ืื“ืจ ืชืจืค"ื˜, ืœืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืกืœืžืืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคืจ "ื›ืจื ืฉืœืžื”" ื•ืขื•ื“ ื•ืœืืžื• ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ืช ืžื–ืœ, ืื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฆื“ืงื” ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช "ืคื•ืจืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ" ื•ื ื›ื“ืช ืื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื—ื™ื™ืืžื‘ื’ื“. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืื—ืช ืขืฉืจื” ื ืคื˜ืจ ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื™ื” ื—ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ื ื™ ืจื‘.

ืœืžื“ ื‘ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืคื•ืจืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื” ืขืžื“ ืื– ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื ืขื˜ื™ื”. ื‘ืžื”ืฉืš, ืœื™ืžื“ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” "ืžื’ืŸ ื“ื•ื“" ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื“ื•ื“ ื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื. ื ืฉื ืœืืฉื” ืืช ืฆื‘ื™ื” ื—ื ื”, ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื ืกื™ื ืขื–ืจืืŸ, ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช "ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืืœ". ืœืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื ืกื™ื, ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 28 ื”ื•ืกืžืš ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื”ื—ืœ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข.

ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ื ืงืจื ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชืžื ื” ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื›ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.

ื›ืจื‘ ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉืž"ื’ ืฉืœื— ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื‘ื•ื—ืฆื™ืจื (ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™), ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืžื•ืงื™ื ืขื ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืืช ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื–ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื‘ื, ื•ื‘ืœื—ืฆื• ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื”. ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช, ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืœืงื ื” ื›ื”ื ื ืฉืคื™ืจื, ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจื‘. ื˜ืงืก ื”ื”ื›ืชืจื” ื ืขืจืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช 'ืจื‘ืŸ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื›ืื™' ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื”ืœื‘ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื›ื“ื•ืจื™ ืืช ื’ืœื™ืžืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ. ืžืฉื ื™ืฆื ื‘ืœื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ืจื–ื™ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืชืคื™ืœืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ืœืจื’ืœ ื”ื‘ื—ืจื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ืœืš ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื’ื ืœื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“. ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™, ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื”ืกืคื™ื“ ื•ื˜ื™ืคืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืจืชื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื•.

ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ื’ืœื”, ืœืžื“ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื”, ืขื“ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœืื—ื“ ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืจื ื•, ื•ื ื”ื’ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืงื”ืœ ืœื‘ืจื›ื•ืช, ืขืฆื•ืช ื•ื›ื“'.

ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉ"ืš ื”ื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ ื ืกื™ื ืœืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ืžืœื™ื•ื•ืจื ื• ืฉื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื›' ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ื”ื•ืขืœื• ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื• ืœื”ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื[1].

ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื•ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื, ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ ืžื’ื–ืจ, ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœื ืื• ืžืขืžื“.

ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืคื•ืœืืจื“ ืžื”ื›ืœื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงื ื™, ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืœื‘ืงืจื•.

ื‘ืฉื ืช ืชืฉื "ื’ ื ื’ืžืจื” ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืงืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ.

ืžื—ืœืชื• ื•ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•

ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืคืกื— ืชืฉืก"ื—, ืœืงื” ื‘ืœื™ื‘ื• ื•ืื•ืฉืคื– ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืขืจื™ ืฆื“ืง ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฃ ื”ืœื‘ ืขื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืงืคื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืžื™ื ืขื‘ืจ ื’ื ืื™ืจื•ืข ืžื•ื—ื™ ื•ืžืื– ืœื ืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื•. ื‘ื›"ื— ื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ืชืฉืก"ื˜, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ืฆื ืชื•ืจ ืฉื ื›ืฉืœ, ืขื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœื‘ ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžืฆื‘ื• ืงืจื™ื˜ื™. ืžืฆื‘ื• ื™ื“ืข ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืจื“ื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื• ืœื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.

ื‘ื›"ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืชืฉ"ืข, ื ืคื˜ืจ, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืืฉืคื•ื– ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืจืืฉ ืœืฉื›ืชื•, ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื–ืขืคืจื ื™, ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืจื’ืขื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื: "ื“ืงื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื ืฉืžืชื•, ื”ื•ื ืคืงื— ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื”ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘, ื•ืžืœืžืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื. ื”ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”"(ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ).

ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืชื• ื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขืจื‘. ืžืกืข ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ื™ืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ืจืฉื• ืฉื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืงืจื™ืช ืžืฉื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืœื”ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื•ืช, ืฉื ื ืงื‘ืจ ืœื™ื“ ืงื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื, ืื•ืชื• ื”ืขืœื” ืžืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”. ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ืกืคื“ื• ืืช ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืžืฉื” ืขืžืืจ, ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื” ืžืฆื’ืจ, ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขื“ืก, ืจืืฉ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื™ืจืฉืœื™ื ื ื™ืจ ื‘ืจืงืช, ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืขื•ื“. ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจืช.

ื‘ืžืœืืช ืฉื ื” ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•, ืงืจืื” ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืฆืคืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•[2].

ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•

ืื—ื™ื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื‘ ื ืขื™ื ื‘ืŸ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.

ื‘ื ื™ื• ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฆืคืช, ืจ' ืฉืœืžื” ืืœื™ื”ื•, ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื•- ืจืืฉ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ.

ืžืคืขืœื™ ื”ืคืฆืช ืชื•ืจื”

ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืงื™ื ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืฆืช ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื—ืกื“:

  • ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœืจื‘ื ื™ื, ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืช ืจื‘ื ื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืœื•, ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื–ื” ื›ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื”, ื•ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžืชื•ื›ื• ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื ื™ื, ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™, ื‘ืžืฉืš 4 ืฉื ื™ื. ื›ื•ืœืœ ื–ื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืœืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉื ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืž-60 ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ. ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืขืžื“ ื‘ื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœ "ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœืจื‘ื ื™ื", ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื. ื›ื™ื•ื, ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื ื•, ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื™ื”ื•.
  • ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ, ืฉื‘ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืœืขืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช.
  • ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ืข ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืฉืœื•, "ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื™ืขืงื‘", ื•ืฉื•ื“ืจ ื‘ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืœืืชืจื™ ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื›ื•ืœื•. ื›ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืขืœื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ 'ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ืš'.
  • ืืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื, ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื• ื•ื›ืœ ืขืœื•ื ื™ "ืงื•ืœ ืฆื•ืคื™ื™ืš", ื•ืืœื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ 80,000 ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื, ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ืคืกื™ืงืชื•

ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืคืกื™ืงืชื•[3] ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืจื•, ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืืจ"ื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื›ืžื™ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื•ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืคืกื™ืงืชื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ:

  • ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ "ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืื“ื™" ืœืชืจื•ืžืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืชื• ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช[4] ืฉืžืชื™ืจื” ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืฉืชืœืช ืœื‘ ืžืžื™ ืฉืžืช ืžื•ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ (ืจืื• ืขืจืš ืจื’ืข ื”ืžื•ืช), ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืคืื™ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืฉืขืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื•ืœื ืœืชืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืจืืฉ.[5] ืฉื•"ืช ืžืืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœ
  • ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื’ ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืจืงืžื•ืช, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช[6]
  • ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืฆื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืœืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื—, ืื ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืฉืžืจ ื”ืžื•ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืงืจื ื‘ืฉื ื‘ื™ืกื•ืœืคื™ื˜, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื™ืจ ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืฆื” ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืœืœื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช.
  • ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื˜ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ื—ื•ืžื•ืก (ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื’ื ื‘ืฉื•ืžืฉื•ื ื™ืฉ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื ื›ืจื™ื, ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื). ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ืงื”, ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ื” ื’ื•ืœืžื™ืช ืœืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœื™ ื ื›ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ืคืกืง ื–ื” ื™ืฆืื• ืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ืฉื•ืžืฉื•ื ื ืื›ืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™.[7]
  • ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืช.[8]

ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื•

ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ืจื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืจื‘ื ื™ ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื‘ืœื™ื, ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื - ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื ืกื™ื, ืจื‘ื™ ืฆื“ืงื” ื—ื•ืฆื™ืŸ, ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืฆืคื™- ืื‘"ื“ ื”ืขื“ื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื”ืจื‘ ืกืœืžืŸ ื—ื•ื’ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื™ - ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ื“ื•ื“ื• ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืฆื“ืงื” ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืคื•ืจืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืจื‘ ืกืœืžืืŸ ืžื•ืฆืคื™, ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื›ื ื•ืฉ ื•ืขื•ื“. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœืžื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืžื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืขื–ืจื ืขื˜ื™ื™ื”, ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืคื•ืจืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ. ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ืจื‘ ืžืื“ ืœื‘ื‘ื ืกืืœื™- ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื‘ื•ื—ืฆื™ืจื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ.

ืกืคืจื™ื•

ื”ืœื›ื”

  • ืฉื•"ืช ืžืืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ - ืกื“ืจืช ื›ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ื™ืฆืื• ืœืื•ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ื ื'-ื’').
  • ืืžืจื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ - ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื“ื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (ื™ืฆื ืœืื•ืจ ื—ืœืง ื' ืื•ืจื— ื—ื™ื™ื). [9]
  • ื“ืจืš ื”ืชื•ืจื” - ืขืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื ืงื•ื•ื”. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉื "ื‘.
  • ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ืœืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœืžื” ื’ื ืฆืคืจื™ื“, ืขื ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ื•ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื.
  • 'ื“ืจื›ื™ ื˜ื”ืจื”'ื”ืฉืœื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื ื™ื“ื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”.ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืชืฉืข"ื ื™ืฆื ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ืžืงื•ืฆืจืช. ืชื•ืจื’ื ืœื›ืžื” ืฉืคื•ืช.
  • ืžืืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ - ืœืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืœื™ืžื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื ืœืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื.
  • ืžืืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ - ื•ืฉื‘ืชื” ื”ืืจืฅ - ืžืืžืจื™ื, ืฉื•"ืช ื•ืคืกืงื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ืฉืžื™ื˜ืช ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืฉืžื™ื˜ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื.
  • ืžืืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ - ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื™"ื’ ืืœื•ืœ - ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื ืืžืจื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืœื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. *ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื™ืš - ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ืœืขื™ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ืœื•ื‘ื™ืŸ.
  • ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ืกืคืจ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš (2 ื—ืœืงื™ื).ืื–ืœ. ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืžื”ื“ื•ืจื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ืžืืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืžืช ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื—ืœืง ื
  • ืฆืจื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื - ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช, ื ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžื™ืฉืืœ ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื•.
  • ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื˜ื”ืจื” - ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืกืคืจื• "ื“ืจื›ื™ ื˜ื”ืจื”" ืขืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื ื™ื“ื” ื•ื˜ื”ืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
  • ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ - ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื ื• ืœืจื‘ ื‘ืขืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื›ืจื‘ ืจืืฉื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ,ื™ืฆื ื›ืจืš ื”'ืชืฉ"ืŸ-ื”'ืชืฉื "ื’, ื”'ืชืฉืž"ื—-ื”'ืชืฉืž"ื˜.
  • ืฉื•"ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ - ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืชื•ืš ืกืคืจ ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื ื™ื“ื”, ื•ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื "ื‘ืืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™" ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื›ื”.
  • ,,,ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ืžืจื“ื›ื™- ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช ืชืคืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืžื›"ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆื•ืง"ืœ ( ื—ื“ืฉ)

ื“ืจืฉื•ืช, ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ื”

  • ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ - ื™ืจื— ื”ืื™ืชื ื™ื - ื“ืจืฉื•ืช, ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืœื™ืžื™ื ื ื•ืจืื™ื ื•ื—ื’ื™ ืชืฉืจื™. ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื™ืฆื ืกืคืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ืืžืจื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืฉื ืžืืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ - ื™ืจื— ื”ืื™ืชื ื™ื.
  • ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ -ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช- ื“ืจืฉื•ืช, ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช.
  • ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ -ืฉืžื•ืช- ื“ืจืฉื•ืช, ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช.
  • ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ -ื•ื™ืงืจื- ื“ืจืฉื•ืช, ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช.
  • ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ -ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ- ื“ืจืฉื•ืช, ืžืืžืจื™ื ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช.
  • ,,,ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืกืคื“ ืขืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ( ื—ื“ืฉ).
  • ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ - ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืจื’ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ืฉื ื” (ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื), ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ื. ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืžืื™ืจ ื˜ื•ื™ื–ืจ.
  • ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•.

ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื ืคืกืงื™ ื”ืœื›ื”

  • ืกื“ืจ ื”ืกืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื - ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื•ืœ ื•ืขืจื‘ ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”.
  • ืงื•ืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• - ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืœืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืœ ืขื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช.
  • ืงื•ืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• - ืœืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ - ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืœืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืื‘ ืขื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช.
  • ืงืจื™ืื™ ืžื•ืขื“ - ืงื•ืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• - ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ.
  • ืงืจื™ืื™ ืžื•ืขื“ - ืงื•ืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• - ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืœ ื”ื•ืฉืขื ื ืจื‘ื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”ื ื”ื ื™ืŸ.
  • ืงื•ืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ - ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืžื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื (ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื, ืกื•ื›ื•ืช, ืคืกื— ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช).
  • ืฉืคืชื™ ืชืคืชื— - ืกื™ื“ื•ืจ ืงื•ืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• - ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืขื ื”ืชืืžื” ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื.
  • ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ื›ื™ื ื•ืจ ื“ื•ื“ - ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืขื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช.

ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช

ื—ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ - ืœืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืœื™ืžื™ื.

ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ "ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ"

ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื•, ื™ืฆื ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืจื‘ ื•ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื•, ื‘ืฉื ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ื‘"ืฉื‘ืขื”". ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืกื•ื“ืจื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจืžืกื™ืœืช ื™ืฉืจื™ื - ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืช ื”ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช, ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื“ืช ื”ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”. ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืขืจืš ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘, ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•.

ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื™ืฆื ื›ืจืš ื‘' - "ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื", ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื™ืฆืื• ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ืจื›ื™ื, ื’ื ื”ื ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•.

ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืฉื "ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ", ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืœื“ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘, ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžืขืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื™ืฆืื• ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ืกืคืจื™ ืงื•ืžื™ืงืก, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืชื ืืœ ื•ื‘ืช-ืืœ ืืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉืขื™ื‘ื“ื• ืœืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ืกืคืจื™ "ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ".

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื ืขืจื›ื” ืกื“ืจืช ืกืคืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืคื™ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ื•ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ - ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฆืื• ืกืคืจื™ "ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ืขืœ ืกืคืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ืฉืžื•ืช.

ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•

ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื‘ื ื™ื•, ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื’ื: ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขื“ืก, ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ืฆืจืคืชื™-ืจืืฉ ื›ื•ืœืœ "ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘" ืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื‘"ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“.

ื”ืงื•ื“ื:
ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ 		ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื:
ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืงืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ

ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช

  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื–ืขืคืจื ื™, ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขืžื•, ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช "ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœืจื‘ื ื™ื" ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉืก"ื–.
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืืœื™ื”ื•, ืื‘ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ืœืงื™ื , ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉ"ืข- ืชืฉืข"ื.
  • ื”ืจื‘ ืžืฉื” ื”ืจืจื™,ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื’ื”"ืฆ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื–ืฆ"ืœ- ืžืชื•ืš ืžืงืจืื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ- ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืกื•ื›ื•ืช ,ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืืœื•ืœ ืชืฉ"ืข, ื ืกืคื— ื™"ื˜, ืขืž' ืชืจืขื•- ืชืจืคื‘.

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื

ืจืื• ื’ื

ื”ืงื•ื“ื:
ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ 		ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื:
ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืงืฉื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื

  1. โ†‘ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืกื™ืคืจ, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืขื ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื“"ื, ื ื—ืจื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืื—ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืข ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื•ื” ื˜ื”ืจื” ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื‘ืจื’ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ. ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืขืฉื” ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจืงืข. ื›ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืช ื™ื“ื• ื ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœ ืจืขืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืžื• ื”ืชืขืœืคื• ื•ืจืง ื”ืจื‘ ืขืฆื ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื—ื™ื“"ื ืฉื™ืกืชื“ืจ ืžืขืฆืžื• ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื›ื— ืœืกื“ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืื– ื ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœ ื ืคืฅ ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืชืขืœืคื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื”ืกืชื“ืจื• ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื“ ืฉืœื. ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื™ืฆืื” ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื” ืžืฉื›ื•ื ืช ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื”ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืœื™ื•ื• ืื•ืชื• ืืœืคื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืจ ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื•ืช (ืข"ืค 'ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืขืžื•' ื—ืœืง ื).
  2. โ†‘ ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืข"ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• - ืขืจื•ืฅ 7
  3. โ†‘ ื ืชื‘ืืจื” ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉื•"ืช ืžืืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ื•ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื•.
  4. โ†‘ ื”ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื“ืขืช.
  5. โ†‘ ื•ืจืื” ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ http://test.ynet.co.il/articles/0,7340,L-3780728,00.html
  6. โ†‘ ืžืงื•ืจ: http://www.daat.ac.il/DAAT/refua/moshav5-b.htm
  7. โ†‘ ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ืื›ืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ืจืง ืข"ื™ ื”ื“ื—ืง ืื™ื ื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ "ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืื›ืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™", ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืคืกืง ืžืจืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงื™"ื’ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™"ื‘ ืฉืคืกืง ื›ืŸ. ื•ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฉืœื” ืขื›ื•"ื, ืžืจืŸ ืคืกืง ืฉื”ื™ื ืืกื•ืจื” ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืืข"ืค ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื’ื•ืžืขื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื—ื™ื”, ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื’ื•ืžืขื™ื ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื—ื™ื”. ื•ื ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื” ืื™ื ื” ื ืื›ืœืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืข" ื”ื“ื—ืง [ืืฆืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื]. ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื›ืš ืžื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื” ืœื ื ืงืจืืช "ื ืื›ืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™" ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืื›ื™ืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืš ืคืกืง ืžืจืŸ. ื’ื 'ื›ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื' ืคื•ืกืง ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช. ืคืขื ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืื‘ืจืš ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื—ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื ืื›ืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™, ืืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื. ื•ืžืžื™ืœื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืžืฉื•ื ืจืง ืงืœื•ื™ ื•ืจืง ืžืขื˜ ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ื ืืกืจื” ื”ื˜ื—ื™ื ื” ืœื ืจืง ืœืื•ืชื ืžืขื˜ ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœืื•ืชื ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืฉืื•ื›ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื—ื™, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื˜ืœื” ื“ืขืชื. ื’ื ืžืจืŸ ื—ื™ื“"ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขืจืžื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœื•ื” ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื•ืžื•ืก; ื‘"ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืกื•ื“ืจื•, ื•ื™ืฉื ื ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืคืขืœ "ืื—ื•ื”", ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืงื•ืจ: http://www.harav.org.il/tzof/320.html.
  8. โ†‘ ืจืื” ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื›ืจืš ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืจืš ื‘ ืกื™ืžืŸ ืงืกื’ ื•ืกื™ืžืŸ ื• ื•ืขืžื•ื“ 133.
  9. โ†‘ ืžืืžืจื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืžืชื•ืš ืกืคืจ ืืžืจื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืœืžืจืŸ ื”ืจืืฉืœ"ืฆ ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื ืžืชื•ืš ืืชืจ ืœื™ืคืฉื™ืฅ ื•ืงื•ืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• http://koleliyahu.yerushalmi.co.il/Front/NewsNet/reports.asp?reportId=269881
ืื•ื—ื–ืจ ืžืชื•ืš "https://www.yeshiva.org.il/wiki/index.php?title=ื”ืจื‘_ืžืจื“ื›ื™_ืืœื™ื”ื•&oldid=81841"