ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื’ืจืกื” ืžึพ20:45, 16 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2021 ืžืืช Wikiboss (ืฉื™ื—ื” | ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช) (โ†โ€ืžื›ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช - ื”ืฉื™ื)
(ื”ื‘ื“ืœ) โ†’ ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช | ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” (ื”ื‘ื“ืœ) | ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื‘ืื” โ† (ื”ื‘ื“ืœ)
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช. ืฉืžื” ื‘ื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื”:"ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึถืœ-ืžืฉึถืื” ื‘ึนึผื ืึถืœ-ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ื›ึดึผื™-ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”ึดื›ึฐื‘ึทึผื“ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช-ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืึถืช-ืœึตื‘ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึธื™ื• ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืฉึดืืชึดื™ ืึนืชึนืชึทื™ ืึตืœึถึผื” ื‘ึฐึผืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึน" (ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช, ื™',ื').

ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข:"ื•ึผืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ืชึฐึผืกึทืคึตึผืจ ื‘ึฐึผืึธื–ึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึดื ึฐืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึถืŸ-ื‘ึดึผื ึฐืšึธ ืึตืช ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื”ึดืชึฐืขึทืœึทึผืœึฐืชึดึผื™ ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืึถืช-ืึนืชึนืชึทื™ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ-ืฉึทื‚ืžึฐืชึดึผื™ ื‘ึธื ื•ึดื™ื“ึทืขึฐืชึถึผื ื›ึดึผื™-ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'" - ื”ื”ืชืžืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื’ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื—, ืฉืžืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื•.

ื–ืžื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืขืœื”. ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ. ื™ื•ืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื“ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื—ืฆื™. ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืœ ืžื›ื” ืืจื›ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ืžื™ื [1]. ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื“ื ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:

  1. ืœืงืจืืช ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื - ื‘ื”ืชืจืื” ืขืœ ืžื›ืช ื”ืืจื‘ื” ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืžื’ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืคืจืขื”. ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื™ื‘ "ื‘ื ืขืจื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื–ืงื ื™ื ื• ื ืœืš, ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื ืœืš ื›ื™ ื—ื’ ื”' ืœื ื•. ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืฃ ืœื–ื‘ื•ื— ืื•ืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ืืš ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—ื’ ื”' ืœื ื•" ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืžืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืขืฆืžื ื™ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืชืœื”ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื•ืžืจืฆื•ื ื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฉื". ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื”ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ, ืฉื’ื ืžืงื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืœืš ืžืขืฆืžื• ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืงืจื™ื‘ื• ืžืžื ื• ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœื”'. [2]
  2. ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” : ืžื›ืช ื”ืืจื‘ื”- ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืชื” ื ืืžืจ:"ืœึนื-ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึตืŸ ืึทืจึฐื‘ึถึผื” ื›ึธึผืžึนื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึทื—ึฒืจึธื™ื• ืœึนื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื”-ื›ึตึผืŸ" (ื™"ื“). ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื’ื ื‘ืžื›ื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช:"ื•ึทื™ึฐื—ึทื–ึตึผืง ื”' ืึถืช-ืœึตื‘ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉึดืืœึทึผื— ืึถืช-ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ".(ื›') ืžื›ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฉืš - ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื. ืืš ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ื”ืจื•ืช ืืกื•ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืจืฉืขื™ื, ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฆืืช, ื•ืžืชื• ื‘ืฉืœืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ืืคืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื• ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืžืคืœืชื ื•ื™ืืžืจื• ืืฃ ื”ืŸ ืœื•ืงื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื ื•" - ืžืกืคืจื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ. ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื— ื ืืžืจ:"ื•ึทื—ึฒืžึปืฉึดืื™ื ืขึธืœื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื" [3]. ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ"ื™:ื—ืžื•ืฉื™ื- ืื—ื“ ืžื—ืžืฉื” ื™ืฆืื•, ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืชื• ื‘ืฉืœืฉืช ื™ืžื™ ืืคื™ืœื” - "ืฉื•ืื”" ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืžื•ื˜ื™ ืืœื•ืŸ.
  3. ื”ืชืจืื” ืขืœ ืžื›ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช - ืžืฆื‘ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ:"ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึตึผืŸ ื”' ืึถืช-ื—ึตืŸ ื”ึธืขึธื ื‘ึฐึผืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื’ึทึผื ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ืžืฉึถืื” ื’ึธึผื“ื•ึนืœ ืžึฐืึนื“ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื‘ึฐึผืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึตื™-ืคึทืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึธื" [4].
  4. ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื - "ื”ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืœึธื›ึถื ืจึนืืฉื ื—ึณื“ึธืฉึดืื™ื ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐื—ึธื“ึฐืฉึตืื™ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืื ึธื”" [5]. ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ:"ื–ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืฆื™ื•ื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ืฉืืจ ืžืฆื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™,"
  5. ืคืกื— ืžืฆืจื™ื - ื”ืคืกื— ื”ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช:"ื•ึฐื›ึธื›ึธื” ืชึนึผืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ืžึธืชึฐื ึตื™ื›ึถื ื—ึฒื’ึปืจึดื™ื ื ึทืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึฐึผืจึทื’ึฐืœึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึผืžึทืงึถึผืœึฐื›ึถื ื‘ึฐึผื™ึถื“ึฐื›ึถื ื•ึทืึฒื›ึทืœึฐืชึถึผื ืึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึฐึผื—ึดืคึธึผื–ื•ึนืŸ ืคึถึผืกึทื— ื”ื•ึผื ืœึทื”'" (ื™"ื)
  6. ืคืกื— ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช - "ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐื–ึดื›ึธึผืจื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐื—ึทื’ึนึผืชึถื ืึนืชื•ึน ื—ึทื’ ืœึทื™ื”ื•ึธึนื” ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื—ึปืงึทึผืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืชึฐึผื—ึธื’ึปึผื”ื•ึผ" (ื™"ื“)
  7. ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื - "ื•ึผืžื•ึนืฉึทืื‘ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึธืฉึฐืื‘ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ืฉึฐืืœืฉึดืื™ื ืฉึธืื ึธื” ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึทึผืข ืžึตืื•ึนืช ืฉึธืื ึธื”" (ืž) - ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืชืจื™ื.
  8. ืžืฆื•ื•ืช - ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื ื•ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ - ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช, ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื ื—ืช ืชืคื™ืœื™ืŸ :"ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐืื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ-ื™ึธื“ึฐื›ึธื” ื•ึผืœึฐื˜ื•ึนื˜ึธืคึนืช ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ ื›ึดึผื™ ื‘ึฐึผื—ึนื–ึถืง ื™ึธื“ ื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืึธื ื•ึผ ื”' ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื" [6] .

"ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื™ึนืฆึฐืึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผื™ึธื“ ืจึธืžึธื”" [7] - ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื‘ืื” ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื—

  1. ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืžืกื™ื™ืžืช ืืช ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ืฉืชื—ื™ืœืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืจื. ืฉื ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืฉื‘ืข ืžื›ื•ืช.

ื•ื‘ืกื™ื•ืžื”, ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื’ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ื‘ื’ืื•ืŸ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื.

ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืช ืœื‘ ืคืจืขื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื” ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืขื ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœืกืจื‘ ืœืฉืœื— ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืขื ืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื• "ื”ื˜ืจื ืชื“ืข ื›ื™ ืื‘ื“ื” ืžืฆืจื™ื". ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืชืงืฉื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืงืฉื™ื— ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ื•ืžื ืข ืžืคืจืขื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืขื ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืงืฉื—ื” ื–ื•:

ื”ืงืฉื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื•ื ืฉ[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื• ื’ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืงืฉื—ืช ืœื‘ ืคืจืขื” ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืคืจืขื” ื—ื˜ื ืžืขืฆืžื• (ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช) ื•ื”ืจืข ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฆื• ื ื’ื–ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืชืžื ืข ืžืžื ื• ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื—ื™ื–ืง ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืขื•ื ืฉื• ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื•[8].

ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ [9] ื”ืžืชืจืฅ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื•ืžื”: "ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืืช ืœื‘ื• - ืืžืจ ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ: ืžื›ืืŸ ืคืชื—ื•ืŸ ืคื” ืœืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืžื ื• ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”?.. ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืชืจื” ื‘ื• ื‘ืื“ื ืคืขื ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื‘ื• - ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืขืœ ืœื‘ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืจื•ืข ืžืžื ื• ืžื” ืฉื—ื˜ื. ืืฃ ื›ืš ืคืจืขื” ื”ืจืฉืข - ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ื’ืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื—ืžืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ืฉื’ื™ื— ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ืืชื” ื”ืงืฉื™ืช ืขืจืคืš ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืช ืืช ืœื‘ืš - ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืš ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืžืืชืš, ื”ึถื•ึฐื™: 'ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืืช ืœื‘ื•' ".

ื”ืงืฉื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื [10][11] ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืžื•ื ืขืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืื•ืชื”. ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื•, ืคืจืขื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื•ืจืš ืœื‘ ืžืขื•ืฆืžืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืชื”ื™ื” ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื•. ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืงืฉื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืชื ื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ "ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื•" ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืงืจื”[12].

ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื”
ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ


ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื›ืจื™ื– :" ื”ื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืœึธื›ึถื ืจึนืืฉื ื—ึณื“ึธืฉึดืื™ื ืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื”ื•ึผื ืœึธื›ึถื ืœึฐื—ึธื“ึฐืฉึตืื™ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืื ึธื”" [13] . ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”.ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื‘ืœ ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืฉืžื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ืืœื™ื ืืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ืœื™ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืขื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื”.

ืจืฉ"ื™ ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืœืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืืœื”: "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง : ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ืžื”ึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืœึธื›ึถื, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื‘ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืžื” ื˜ืขื ืคืชื— ื‘-ื‘ึฐึผืจึตืืฉึดืื™ืช ?". ืจืฉ"ื™ ื’ื ืขื•ื ื”, ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื”, ื”ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ืกืคืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฆืจืŸ "ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ืขื•ืœื", ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืœื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื’ื ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื•ืฉืืŸ, "ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช" ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื›ืžื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื›ื ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืงืคืœืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื” ื’ื ืžืขื™ืŸ "ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื˜ืื‘ื•", ืฉืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืœ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืงื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ ืข"ื™ ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.[14].

ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืื• ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืžืืžืจื• , ืื•ืจืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื :"ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ื" ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื. "ืžื•ืขื“" ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื "ืžืคื’ืฉ". ืจื’ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื”' ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ. ืืš ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžืœืื›ื™ ืฉืจืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืœืื›ืชื, ื ื•ืชื ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ: "ืืฉืจ ืชืงื‘ืขื• ืืชื". ื—ื’ ื”ืคืกื— ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืœืคื ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืืชื ืžืžื ื”, ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืชื›ื ืก ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืœื—ื•ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื–ื”. ื›ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ืื” ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช "ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ื" ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจืœ ืฉืžื™ืžื™ ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ื•ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื•ื— ื”ืขื‘ืจื™, ื ื‘ื“ืœ ื•ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืœื•ื— ื”ืฉืžืฉื™. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ืขืชื™ืง ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืืช ื”ืื•ืจืœื•ื’ื™ืŸ."

ืื›ื™ืœืช ืžืฆื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ืžื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืฆื” ื‘ "ืคืกื— ืžืฆืจื™ื" ื•ื‘"ืคืกื— ื“ื•ืจื•ืช". ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ:

  • ื‘ืคืกื— ืžืฆืจื™ื - ื”ืžืฆื” ื ืื›ืœืช ืขื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืคืกื—: "ื•ึฐืึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”ึทื‘ึธึผืฉึธื‚ืจ ื‘ึทึผืœึทึผื™ึฐืœึธื” ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืฆึฐืœึดื™ ืึตืฉื ื•ึผืžึทืฆึผื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ ืžึฐืจึนืจึดื™ื ื™ึนืื›ึฐืœึปื”ื•ึผ" [15] .
  • ื‘ ืคืกื— ื“ื•ืจื•ืช- ื”ืžืฆื” ื ืื›ืœืช ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืคืกื—, ืฉื ืืžืจ: " ืฉึดืื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืžึทืฆึผื•ึนืช ืชึนึผืื›ึตืœื•ึผ ืึทืšึฐ ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืชึทึผืฉึฐืื‘ึดึผื™ืชื•ึผ ืฉึฐึผื‚ืึนืจ ืžึดื‘ึธึผืชึตึผื™ื›ึถื ื›ึดึผื™ ื›ึธึผืœ ืึนื›ึตืœ ื—ึธืžึตืฅ ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืจึฐืชึธื” ื”ึทื ึถึผืคึถืฉื ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ืžึดื™ึดึผืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉึนืืŸ ืขึทื“ ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืื‘ึดืขึดื™... ื•ึผืฉึฐืืžึทืจึฐืชึถึผื ืึถืช ื”ึทืžึทึผืฆึผื•ึนืช ื›ึดึผื™ ื‘ึฐึผืขึถืฆึถื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื”ื•ึนืฆึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืช ืฆึดื‘ึฐืื•ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื•ึผืฉึฐืืžึทืจึฐืชึถึผื ืึถืช ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื—ึปืงึทึผืช ืขื•ึนืœึธื.ื‘ึธึผืจึดืืฉึนืืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืึทืจึฐื‘ึธึผืขึธื” ืขึธืฉึธื‚ืจ ื™ื•ึนื ืœึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึธึผืขึถืจึถื‘ ืชึนึผืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืžึทืฆึนึผืช ืขึทื“ ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึธืึถื—ึธื“ ื•ึฐืขึถืฉึฐื‚ืจึดื™ื ืœึทื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึธึผืขึธืจึถื‘.[16]
  • ื‘ืคืกื— ืฉื ื™ - ืงื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ:" ืึดื™ืฉื ืึดื™ืฉื ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื˜ึธืžึตื ืœึธื ึถืคึถืฉื ืื•ึน ื‘ึฐื“ึถืจึถืšึฐ ืจึฐื—ึนืงึธื” ืœึธื›ึถื ืื•ึน ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึฐืขึธืฉึธื‚ื” ืคึถืกึทื— ืœึทื”'. ื‘ึทึผื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืฉึตึผืื ึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผืึทืจึฐื‘ึธึผืขึธื” ืขึธืฉึธื‚ืจ ื™ื•ึนื ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ ื”ึธืขึทืจึฐื‘ึทึผื™ึดื ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ืขึทืœ ืžึทืฆึผื•ึนืช ื•ึผืžึฐืจึนืจึดื™ื ื™ึนืื›ึฐืœึปื”ื•ึผ[17]

ืงื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช: ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืคืกื— ื•ื”ืžืฆื” ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช (ืฆึฐืœึดื™ ืึตืฉื ื•ึผืžึทืฆึผื•ึนืช), ื•ื”ืžืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื ืคืจื“ืช (ืขึทืœ ืžึฐืจึนืจึดื™ื ื™ึนืื›ึฐืœึปื”ื•ึผ), ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืคืกื— ืฉื ื™ - ื”ื“ื’ื ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช - ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• (ื™ึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืึนืชื•ึน) ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžืฆื” ื•ื”ืžืจื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื (ืขึทืœ ืžึทืฆึผื•ึนืช ื•ึผืžึฐืจึนืจึดื™ื ื™ึนืื›ึฐืœึปื”ื•ึผ).

ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ืขืœื•ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ืคืกื—ื™ื [18]  :"ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื: ืžืฆื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” (ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื—) ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื•ืžืจื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื•ืžืื™ ืฉื ื ืžืจื•ืจ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืจื•ืจื™ื - ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื“ืื™ื›ื ืคืกื— ื™ืฉ ืžืจื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื“ืœื™ื›ื ืคืกื— ืœื™ื›ื ืžืจื•ืจ, ืžืฆื” ื ืžื™ ื”ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืžืจื•ืจื™ื? ืžืฆื” ืžื™ื”ื“ืจ ื”ื“ืจ ื‘ื™ื” ืงืจื; ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืชืื›ืœื• ืžืฆื•ืช... ืชื ื™ื ื›ื•ื•ืชื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื: ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ื ืชืื›ืœ ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืขืฆืจืช ืœื”' ืืœืงื™ืš - ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ืืฃ ืฉืฉืช ื™ืžื™ื ืจืฉื•ืช... ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืืฃ ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช? ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ: [19], ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืงื™ื™ื ืžื ื™ืŸ? ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืชืื›ืœื• ืžืฆื•ืช."

ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืคืกื— ืฉื ื™. ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืื›ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžืฆื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจืง ื‘ืคืกื— ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืกื— ืฉื ื™, ืฉืฉื ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืคืกื— ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื”.

ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืฆื”: ื‘ืคืกื— ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืื•ืจ ืœื ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื›ื ื•ืจืง ืžืฆื•ืช ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืคืกื— ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœืื›ื™ืœืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื•ืจืฉื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžื”ืžื” ืœืืคื•ืช ืื•ืชื• . ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ืฉืื• ืืช ื”ื‘ืฆืง ื•ืืคื• ืืช ื”ืœื—ื ื‘ื˜ืจื ื™ื—ืžืฅ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื• ื‘ืกื›ื•ืช.

ืžื›ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช - ื”ืฉื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืฉืจ ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื›ื• ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ืงืฉ ืฉืฉื‘ืจ ืืช ื’ื‘ ื”ื’ืžืœ ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื›ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช. ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืฉืคื™ืจื, ืจืืฉ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ, ื‘ืžืืžืจื• ื‘ืขืœื•ืŸ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืชื• : "ืืฆืœ ืคืจืขื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืจ, ื”ื›ืœ ืขื•ืžื“" ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆื™ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื• ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ. ืฉืืจ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื”ื ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชื•.

ืคืจืขื” ื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ื• ื•ื™ืจื ืžืคื ื™ื”. ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืื•ืจื™ื• ื•ืขืฉื” ืขืฆืžื• ืืœื•ื”, ืœื ืื”ื‘ ืฉื™ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ืœื• ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื ื•ืฆืจ ื•ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ื™ื—ืœื•ืฃ. ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•. ื‘ืื” ืžื›ืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ืœืชื” ืืช ืžืงื•ื ืชื•ืจืคืชื• ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื”, ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื—ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืจืง ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืš ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื‘ื›ื•ืจ. ืชื—ืช ืื™ืžืช ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘, ื ืืœืฅ ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืจืขื” ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ื•ืจื• ื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืกืื•, ื•ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื•ื ื–ืžื ื•. ืืžื•ืจ ืžืขืชื”: ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”. ื”ืื˜ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืชื” ืขื ืชื” ืืžืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ืจื›ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืขื•ืœื; ืฉืœ "ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" โ€“ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืืชื” ื”' ืžืงื“ืฉ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื.

"ืงื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื"[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืฉื“ื” ืฉืœ ื—ืกื” - ื”"ื—ื–ืจืช" ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช -ืžืฉื“ื•ืช ื›ืคืจ ื“ืจื•ื ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ืงื˜ื™ืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืชืฉืก"ื”

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืฆื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืฉื™ืจื” ื–ื• ืจืžื–ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข : ืงื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื. ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš : "ื–ื” ืžืฉื”, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ื ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื–ื” ืืชื ื ื’ืืœื™ืŸ. ืืžืจื• ืœื•: " - ืœืคื™ ื—ื–"ืœ :

  • ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืื•ืžืจ: ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•! ื”ื™ืืš ืื ื• ื ื’ืืœื™ืŸ ? ื•ื”ืœื ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืื‘ืจื”ื: [20] ื•ืขื‘ื“ื•ื ื•ืขื ื• ืื•ืชื ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื”, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ืืœื ืžืืชื™ื ื•ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื” ?!

ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืชื™ื›ื, ืืœื ืžื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ, ืืœื ืงืฆื™ื ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืŸ. ืžื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆื™ื ื•ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืชื ื ื’ืืœื™ืŸ. ืฉื ืืžืจ: [21] ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ื ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.

  • ืจ' ื ื—ืžื™ื” ืืžืจ: ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•! ื”ื™ืืš ืื ื• ื ื’ืืœื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ? ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื, ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื›ื ื”ืจืขื™ื. ื•ื‘ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ? ื‘ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ื, ื•ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ: ืขืžืจื ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ื ื•.
  • ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืืžืจื™: ื”ื™ืืš ืื ื• ื ื’ืืœื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื˜ื•ื ืคืช ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•?

ืืžืจ ืœื”ื: ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื’ืื•ืœืชื›ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืืœื ืžื“ืœื’ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื, ืืœื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื. ื”ื™ืš ืžื” ื“ืืช ืืžืจ: (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื“') ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ ื”ื”ืจื™ื ื™ื–ื‘ื—ื• ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื™ืงื˜ืจื•. ื•ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืชื ื ื’ืืœื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ื.

ืจ' ื™ื•ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ ื•ืจ' ื—ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืื—ืจืช, ืืš ืขื“ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” - ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ:ืงื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื - ื–ื” ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื—. ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืชื ื ื’ืืœื™ืŸ... ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ื ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.

ืืš ื’ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืขื•ืกืง ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืง :ื“ื•ืžื” ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืœืฆื‘ื™ ื›ืชื‘: " ืžื” ืฆื‘ื™ ื–ื”, ืžื“ืœื’ ืžื”ืจ ืœื”ืจ ื•ืžื‘ืงืขื” ืœื‘ืงืขื”, ืžืื™ืœืŸ ืœืื™ืœืŸ, ื•ืžืกื•ื›ื” ืœืกื•ื›ื”, ื•ืžื’ื“ืจ ืœื’ื“ืจ. ื›ืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ืงืคืฅ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื™ื, ื•ืžื™ื ืœืกื™ื ื™, ื•ืžืกื™ื ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื“." ื•ื‘ืคืกื•ืง : ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ืื—ืจ ื›ืชืœื ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื›ืืžื•ืจ:"ืื—ืจ ื›ืชืœื ื• ืฉืœ ืกื™ื ื™. ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: [22] ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื™ืจื“ ื”'. ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื™ืจื“ ื”' ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ื”ืจ. ืžืฆื™ืฅ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืจื›ื™ื ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืขื ื” ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื•ืืžืจ ืœื™ ืžื” ืืžืจ ืœื™ ? ืื ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš.

"ืงื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™" - ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืคืกื™ืงืชื [23] ืฉื‘ื ืžืฆื•ื˜ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื:[24]

"ืจ' ื™ื•ื“ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื ื• ืฉืœ ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ ืจ' ื—ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘: "ืงื•ึนืœ ื“ึผื•ึนื“ึดื™ ื”ึดื ึตึผื”-ื–ึถื” ื‘ึธึผื" ื–ื” ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ: ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืชื ื ื’ืืœื™ืŸ. ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื•: ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ื”ื™ืืš ืื ื• ื ื’ืืœื™ืŸ?! ืœื ื›ืš ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืื•ืžื•ืช! ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื™ื‘ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื”ื: ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ื’ืœื” ืœื‘ืจื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื ืœืกืจืžื˜ื™ื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ืœื™ืชื ื›ื•ืœื›ื. ื•ืœื ืขื•ื“ ืืœื ืฉื”ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืขื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื™ืŸ (ืžื’ื™ื™ืกืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื) ืžื›ืœ ืื•ืžื” ื•ืื•ืžื”. ื›ื•ืชื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืžืฉืขื‘ื“, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ืขื‘ื“ื” ื›ืœ ืื•ืžืชื•. ื›ื•ืฉื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืžืฉืขื‘ื“, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืฉื™ืขื‘ื“ื” ื›ืœ ืื•ืžืชื•. ื•ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืืชื ื ื’ืืœื™ืŸ "ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืœื›ื ืจืืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื".

ืžื‘ืืจืช ืชืžืจ ืงื“ืจื™ :" ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ืจ' ื™ื•ื“ืŸ ื•ืจ' ื—ื•ื ื” ืžืชืืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื›ืฉื ืฉื’ืื•ืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื˜ืจื ื–ืžื ื”, ื›ืš ื™ืงืจื” ื’ื ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื. ื’ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื ื™ืžืฆื” ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืžืœื•ื ืขื•ืžืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ื ื”ื’ ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื‘ืื”:

  • ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ืขึท ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืจืื” ื‘ื’ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื’ืœืชื” ื”ืื•ืžื” ื›ื•ืœื”.
  • ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื™ืจืื” ื‘ื’ึทึผ ื™ืก ืฉื ืฉืœื— ืœืจื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืื•ืžื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืก ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืื•ืžืชื•. ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื–ื” ื™ืงืฆืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ืื•ืจืš ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ื™ื•ืช.

ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจืช: ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื—ืกืจ
ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจ - ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ - ืชืจื:RadRafe

ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ืžื•ืฆื’ ืœื ื• ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืขื•ืœื: ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืคืจืขื”: "ื‘ึดึผื ึฐืขึธืจึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึดื–ึฐืงึตื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื ึตืœึตืšึฐ ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึธื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึดื‘ึฐื ื•ึนืชึตื ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผืฆึนืื ึตื ื•ึผ ื•ึผื‘ึดื‘ึฐืงึธืจึตื ื•ึผ ื ึตืœึตืšึฐ ื›ึดึผื™ ื—ึทื’ ื”' ืœึธื ื•ึผ" [25]. ื•ืคืจืขื”, ืžืœืš ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืœื•:" ืœึนื ื›ึตืŸ ืœึฐื›ื•ึผ-ื ึธื ื”ึทื’ึฐึผื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึฐืขึดื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผ ืึถืช ื”' ื›ึดึผื™ ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืึทืชึถึผื ืžึฐื‘ึทืงึฐืฉึดืื™ื (ื™"ื). ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื”:" ื•ึทื™ึฐื’ึธืจึถืฉื ืึนืชึธื ืžึตืึตืช ืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ืคึทืจึฐืขึนื”".

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ, ืจื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ [26] ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืคืจืขื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืš ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืœื•ื™ - ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ื‘ืจื™ื - ื”ื ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช, ื”ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื-ืœื”ื™ื”ื. ืœื ืฉื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืืžืžืฉื™ืš ื•ื˜ื•ืขืŸ: ืœื›ื• ื ื ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“.

ืžืฉื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื• ืฉืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืฉ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” - ื’ื ืœื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“, ื’ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ืืช ื“'. ื‘ืขืฆื, ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื“' ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืชืช ืžื“ื ื”ืคืกื— ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืงื•ืฃ - ื•ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื ืœื›ื ืœืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื. ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื–ื‘ื—, ื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜. ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ ืžืขื˜ ื–ื”. ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืžืœื›ืช ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉ.

ืžืฉืš ื’ืœื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืื•ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื• ื“ื ื• ืคืจืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืชืจื™ื ื ืืžืจ:" "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื, ื™ึธื“ึนืขึท ืชึตึผื“ึทืข ื›ึดึผื™-ื’ึตืจ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ืœึนื ืœึธื”ึถื, ื•ึทืขึฒื‘ึธื“ื•ึผื, ื•ึฐืขึดื ึผื•ึผ ืึนืชึธื ืึทืจึฐื‘ึทึผืข ืžึตืื•ึนืช, ืฉึธืื ึธื”.(ื˜"ื•, ื™"ื’,). ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื•:"ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืžึดืงึตึผืฅ ืฉึฐืืœืฉึดืื™ื ืฉึธืื ึธื” ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึทึผืข ืžึตืื•ึนืช ืฉึธืื ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึฐึผืขึถืฆึถื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื™ึธืฆึฐืื•ึผ ื›ึธึผืœ-ืฆึดื‘ึฐืื•ึนืช ื”' ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื" [27], ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• 430 ืฉื ื”. ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืจื‘ื” - 210 ืฉื ื”. ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช 400 ืฉื ื” ื•ื›ืชื‘:"ืฉื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื–ืจืขืš ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื ืœื”ื ืช' (ืฉื ื”) ื•ืขื‘ื“ื•ื, ืืœื• ื™ืžื™ ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“.

ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื ื” ืืช ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื” ืžื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื›ืชื‘: ื›ื™ ื’ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ืจืขืš - "ืžืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื”". ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื 400 ืฉื ื”:"ื•ืื ืชืืžืจ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ืงื”ืช ืžื™ื•ืจื“ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื”, ืฆื ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืงื”ืช, ื•ืฉืœ ืขืžืจื, ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื™ืฆืื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืืชื” ืžื•ืฆื ืืœื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ ืงื”ืช ืื—ืจ ืœื™ื“ืช ืขืžืจื, ื•ืฉื—ื™ ืขืžืจื ืื—ืจ ืœื™ื“ืช ืžืฉื”" - ืกื›ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื 350 ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื• ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื”ื.

ื‘"ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื" [28] ืžื•ื‘ื ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื: ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื ืืžืจ ื›ื— ื’ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ืจืขืš. ื–ืจืขื• ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 60 ืฉื ื” ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•. ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื™ 130 ืฉื ื” - ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื ื™ื”ื 190 ืฉื ื” ืžืฉื ืช 2,048 ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2,238 ืœื‘ืจื™ืื”. ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• 210 ืฉื ื™ื, ืขื“ 2,448 ืœื‘ืจื™ืื”.

ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื•ืกืคื• ืœ-400 ื”ืฉื ื” ืขื•ื“ 30 ืฉื ื” [29]. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ 20 ืฉื ื”, ืž"ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืชืจื™ื" , ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื“ืขืชื• ื‘ืŸ 80 ืฉื ื” [30], ืขื“ ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 100 ืฉื ื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืžื™ืชืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื—ื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืฉื ืช 2,458 ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.

ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืชื•ืจืžืช ืืช ืชื•ืกืคืช 30 ื”ืฉื ื” ืœื—ื˜ืื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื ืขืžื“ื• ืœืฆืืช ืื—ืจื™ 400 ืฉื ื” ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2,428 ืœื‘ืจื™ืื” ื•ื”ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื’ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืืจื›ื” ื‘-30 ืฉื ื”. ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื ื ืืžืจ :" ื•ึทื”ึฒืจึธื’ื•ึผื ืึทื ึฐืฉึตืื™-ื’ึทืช ื”ึทื ึผื•ึนืœึธื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึธึผืึธืจึถืฅ ื›ึดึผื™ ื™ึธืจึฐื“ื•ึผ ืœึธืงึทื—ึทืช ืึถืช-ืžึดืงึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื" [31] ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื‘ืืจ:"ื‘ื ื™ ืืคืจื™ื. ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงืฅ ื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื• ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืจืชื ื•ื‘ื—ืฆื™ื”ื ื•ืกื•ืคื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื ื•ืก ื‘ื™ื•ื ืงืจื‘ ื›ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืจื’ื•ื ืื ืฉื™ ื’ืช ื”ื ื•ืœื“ื™' ื‘ืืจืฅ"

ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ื“ื’ื ืœื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืžื•ื–ืขืจืช: ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื—ืกืจ
ืœื™ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืืฆืœ ืขื“ื•ืช ืกืคืจื“ - ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” - ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืคื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืคืกื— ืžืฆืจื™ื - ื”ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ื”ืชื•ืจื:_Ecelan

ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื’ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื›ื™ืžื™ ืฆืืชืš ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืืจืื ื• ื ืคืœืื•ืช". ืืš ืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื ื”. ื™ืฆื™ืืช ื‘ื ื™ึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ ื™ืฆืืช ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื". ื‘ื’ืžืจื ื•ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ โ€“ ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื.

ื‘ืขืœื•ืŸ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ "ืฆืขื™ืจื™ ื—ื‘"ื“" ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข : "ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื• ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ. ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ โ€“ ื’ืื•ืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ: "ืœื ื‘ื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ ืชืฆืื•", ืืœื ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื "ื‘ืฉื•ึผื‘ื” ื•ื ื—ืช".

ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืœื—ื™ืคื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ืื•ืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื ื‘ืข ืžืฉืงื™ืขืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืž"ื˜ ืฉืขืจื™ ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ื•ืžื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื—ืœืฅ ืื•ืชื ืžืฉื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช. ืงื•ื“ื ืžืชืŸึพื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืึพื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืจืข, ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžืžื ื•. ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื‘ืจื™ื—ื” โ€“ "ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื— ื”ืขื".

ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื”, ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืชื‘ื•ื ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืžื”ืจืข, ืืœื ืœื”ืคืš, ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื’ืื•ืœื”. ื›ืš ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžืชื•ืš ืžื ื•ื—ื”, "ื‘ืฉื•ึผื‘ื” ื•ื ื—ืช", ื•ืขื“ ืœ"ืžื ื•ื—ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื".

ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื


ืœืื—ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ :"ืงึทื“ึถึผืฉื-ืœึดื™ ื›ึธืœ-ื‘ึฐึผื›ื•ึนืจ ืคึถึผื˜ึถืจ ื›ึธึผืœ-ืจึถื—ึถื ื‘ึดึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื‘ึธึผืึธื“ึธื ื•ึผื‘ึทื‘ึฐึผื”ึตืžึธื” ืœึดื™ ื”ื•ึผื" ([[ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช]], ื™"ื’,ื‘'). ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื‘ืืจ ืคื˜ืจ ื›ืœ ืจื—ื - " ืฉืคืชื— ืืช ื”ืจื—ื ืชื—ืœื”, ื›ืžื•: [32] ืคึผื•ึนื˜ึตืจ ืžึทื™ึดื ืจึตืืฉึดืื™ืช ืžึธื“ื•ึนืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ [33] ื›ึธึผืœ-ืจึนืึทื™ ื™ึทืœึฐืขึดื’ื•ึผ ืœึดื™ ื™ึทืคึฐื˜ึดื™ืจื•ึผ ื‘ึฐืฉึธื‚ืคึธื” ื™ึธื ึดื™ืขื•ึผ ืจึนืืฉื. ื•ืขืœ ื“"ื” ืœื™ ื”ื•ื - ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ"ื™ : "ืœืขืฆืžื™ ืงื ื™ืชื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื".

ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืฉืชื™ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืงืจื. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืงึทื“ึถึผืฉื ืœึดื™ ื›ึธืœ ื‘ึฐึผื›ื•ืจ. ืฉึถืื™ึดึผืชึฐื—ึทื™ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผ ื›ึปืœึธึผื ื‘ึฐึผืคึดื“ึฐื™ื•ืŸ ื›ึดึผืฉึฐืืึธืจ ื›ึธึผืœ ื”ึถืงึฐื“ึตึผืฉื, ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ืžึปืชึธึผืจึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผืขึฒื‘ื•ื“ึทืช ื—ืœ, ืฉึถืืœึผื•ึผืœึตื™ ื”ึทืคึดึผื“ึฐื™ื•ืŸ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืึฒืกื•ึผืจึดื™ื ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ืช ื›ึธึผืœ ืžึฐืœึถืื›ึถืช ื—ืœ,

  • ื›ึฐึผืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ "ืœื ืชึทืขึฒื‘ื“ ื‘ึดึผื‘ึฐื›ืจ ืฉืื•ืจึถืšึธ" [34]
  • ื•ึผืคึดื“ึฐื™ื•ืŸ ื ึทืคึฐืฉึธืื ื”ื•ึผื ื”ึธืขึถืจึถืšึฐ ื”ึทืžึฐืคืจึธืฉื ืœึฐื‘ึถืŸ ื—ื“ึถืฉื ื‘ึฐึผืคึธืจึธืฉึทืืช ืขึฒืจึธื›ึดื™ืŸ, ื‘ึดึผื”ึฐื™ื•ืช ืึธื– ื–ึฐืžึทืŸ ืคึดึผื“ึฐื™ื•ื ื•, ื›ึฐึผืึธืžึฐืจื• "ื•ึผืคึฐื“ื•ึผื™ึธื• ืžึดื‘ึถึผืŸ ื—ื“ึถืฉื ืชึดึผืคึฐื“ึถึผื”" [35]

ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ

ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืขื™ื™ืจ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืืžื•, ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืจื—ื ื”ืืชื•ืŸ. ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื‘ื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฆื•ื• ืขืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื”ืžื”. ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช[36] : "ื•ื›ืœ ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืชืคื“ื” ื‘ืฉื”, ื•ืื ืœื ืชืคื“ื” ื•ืขืจืคืชื•". ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืœื ื‘ื—ืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ื ื•, ืืœื ืฉื”ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ - ืžืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื›ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื. ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืคื“ื•ืชื• - ืขื•ืจืฃ ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื•ืงื•ื‘ืจื•.

ื˜ืขื ื”ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ื’ืžืจื ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื”: ืฉื•ืืœืช [37] ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉื–ื• ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืกื™ื™ืขื• ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ืฉื™ืืช ื”ืฉืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืงื“ืฉื• ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืคื“ื•ืชืŸ.

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืœื’ื•ืจื™. ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืจื•ืžื– ื‘ืขืงื™ื“ื” ื‘ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืชื ืขืจ ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจ ื”'- "ืฉื‘ื• ืœื›ื ืคื” ืขื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ื•ืื ื™ ื•ื”ื ืขืจ ื ืขืœื”". ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžืกืžืœืช ืืช ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืข ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ืขืœื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืคื• ื‘ืฉื” ืฉืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืœื”' "ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื™ืจืื” ืœื• ื”ืฉื” ืœืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื ื™" . ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชืŸ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื. ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืขื‘ื“ื™ื, ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช. ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ืชืง ืžื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืืช ืžื”ืžื™ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื’ื•ืจืก ืฉื”ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ. ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ (ื›ืฉืžื•) ืžืจืžื– ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื ืจืื™ืช ื›ืžื ื•ืชืงืช ืžื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™, ืืš ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ืคื˜ืจ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืกื™ื™ืขื• ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉืืช ืืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื•ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืžืจื ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื—,ื) ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืจื›ื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžื•ืจ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื™ืงืจื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืจื›ื‘ื” ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื [38].

ื”ืคื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืœืคื™ ื”ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื•ื”ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืจืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• [39]. ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืื• ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ื‘ื‘ืœ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื  :" ื›ึฐึผืชึธื‘ื•ึนืจ ื‘ึถึผื”ึธืจึดื™ื, ื•ึผื›ึฐื›ึทืจึฐืžึถืœ ื‘ึทึผื™ึธึผื ื™ึธื‘ื•ึนื." ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื”: " ื›ึฐึผืœึตื™ ื’ื•ึนืœึธื” ืขึฒืฉึดื‚ื™ ืœึธืšึฐ, ื™ื•ึนืฉึถืื‘ึถืช ื‘ึทึผืช-ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื: ื›ึดึผื™-ื ึนืฃ ืœึฐืฉึทืืžึธึผื” ืชึดื”ึฐื™ึถื”, ื•ึฐื ึดืฆึฐึผืชึธื” ืžึตืึตื™ืŸ ื™ื•ึนืฉึตืื‘". ื•ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—:"ื•ึฐืึทืชึธึผื” ืึทืœ-ืชึดึผื™ืจึธื ืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึดึผื™ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘, ื•ึฐืึทืœ-ืชึตึผื—ึทืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ--ื›ึดึผื™ ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืžื•ึนืฉึดืืขึฒืšึธ ืžึตืจึธื—ื•ึนืง, ื•ึฐืึถืช-ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืฉึดืื‘ึฐื™ึธื; ื•ึฐืฉึธืื‘ ื™ึทืขึฒืงื•ึนื‘ ื•ึฐืฉึธืืงึทื˜ ื•ึฐืฉึทืืึฒื ึทืŸ, ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืžึทื—ึฒืจึดื™ื“. .. ื›ึดึผื™ ืึถืขึฑืฉึถื‚ื” ื›ึธืœึธื” ื‘ึฐึผื›ึธืœ-ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื”ึดื“ึทึผื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ืšึธ ืฉึธึผืืžึธึผื”, ื•ึฐืึนืชึฐืšึธ ืœึนื-ืึถืขึฑืฉึถื‚ื” ื›ึธืœึธื”, ื•ึฐื™ึดืกึทึผืจึฐืชึดึผื™ืšึธ ืœึทืžึดึผืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜, ื•ึฐื ึทืงึตึผื” ืœึนื ืึฒื ึทืงึถึผืšึธึผ"

ื”ืชื™ืžื ื™ื ืžืคื˜ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื•[40]:"ืžึทืฉึธึผื‚ื, ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื: ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ื”' ืจึนื›ึตื‘ ืขึทืœ-ืขึธื‘ ืงึทืœ, ื•ึผื‘ึธื ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื, ื•ึฐื ึธืขื•ึผ ืึฑืœึดื™ืœึตื™ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืžึดืคึธึผื ึธื™ื•, ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึทื‘ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื™ึดืžึทึผืก ื‘ึฐึผืงึดืจึฐื‘ึผื•ึน" - ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืžืคืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื•ืช:"ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื, ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืฉึฐืืœึดื™ืฉึดืื™ึธึผื”, ืœึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื, ื•ึผืœึฐืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ: ื‘ึฐึผืจึธื›ึธื”, ื‘ึฐึผืงึถืจึถื‘ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ. ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึตึผืจึฐื›ื•ึน ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช, ืœึตืืžึนืจ: ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ ืขึทืžึดึผื™ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื, ื•ึผืžึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื” ื™ึธื“ึทื™ ืึทืฉึผืื•ึผืจ, ื•ึฐื ึทื—ึฒืœึธืชึดื™, ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ"

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

  1. โ†‘ " ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืžืฉืคื˜ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ; ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื™ื•ื‘, ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ; ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื, ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืกื›ืช ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ,ื‘','
  2. โ†‘ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ืชื ืกื•ืคืจ ืžื•ื‘ื ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ, ืจื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืชืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื
  3. โ†‘ ื™"ื’, ื™"ื—
  4. โ†‘ ื™"ื, ื’'
  5. โ†‘ ื™"ื‘, ื'
  6. โ†‘ ื™"ื’, ื˜"ื–
  7. โ†‘ ื™"ื“ , ื—'
  8. โ†‘ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ, ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ืกื™ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ื ืฉื—ื˜ืื• ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื—ื˜ืื ื ืžื ืข ืžื”ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”.
  9. โ†‘ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ืช ืคืจืฉื” ื™"ื’ ืคืกืงื” ื’'
  10. โ†‘ ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื, ืžืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืคืจืง ื›ื”.
  11. โ†‘ ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ื“"ื” ื•ืื ื™ ืืงืฉื”
  12. โ†‘ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืคืจืขื” ื›ืฉืกืจ ืžืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ืœ ื”ืžื›ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืจืข, ืืžืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืื ื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืชื™ ืืช ืœื‘ื•, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืฉื”ืกื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžืœื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ืจืš ืฉืงื ื” ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืžื›ื”, ื•ื™ืฉืืจ ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœืจื•ืข ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื‘ืงืฉ ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืื ื•ืช ืœืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืงืจื”
  13. โ†‘ ื™"ื‘,ื'
  14. โ†‘ ืžืฉื™ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื ืŸ ื—ืกืŸ ืฆื”ืจ ืชืขืฉื” ืœืชื™ื‘ื”
  15. โ†‘ ื™"ื‘ , ื—'
  16. โ†‘ ื˜"ื• -ื™"ื—
  17. โ†‘ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืคืจืง ื˜', ื™-ื™ื
  18. โ†‘ ื“ืฃ ืงื› ืข"ื
  19. โ†‘ ืขืœ ืžืฆืช ื•ืžืจืจื™ื ื™ืื›ืœื”ื• - ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืืœื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ืงื™ื™ื
  20. โ†‘ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื˜"ื•
  21. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ื™"ื‘ ื'
  22. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ื™"ื˜
  23. โ†‘ ืœืคืจืฉืช "ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ" ื”ื ืงืจืืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ื• ืจืืฉ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ. ื‘ืžืคื˜ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ื™"ื‘ (ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื’, ื“, ืชื•ืกืคืชื ืžื’ื™ืœื” ื’ื”"ื“).
  24. โ†‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ: ื“ืจ' ืชืžืจ ืงื“ืจื™, ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ื˜ืจ ืœืžื“ืขื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืงื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ื‘ื - ื“ืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ืœืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ ืื™ืœืŸ
  25. โ†‘ ื™',ื˜'
  26. โ†‘ ื‘ืžืืžืจื•: ื™ืขืงื‘ ืืจื™ืืœ ื‘"ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื”" ืœืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื ืชืฉืก"ื˜
  27. โ†‘ ื™"ื‘, ืž"ื
  28. โ†‘ ืคืจืง ื’'
  29. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืช, ื™"ื‘,ืž'
  30. โ†‘ "ื‘ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฆืืชื• ืžื—ืจืŸ, ื•ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืชืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื"
  31. โ†‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ื' ื–' ื›"ื
  32. โ†‘ ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™ ื™"ื– ื™"ื“
  33. โ†‘ ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื, ื›"ื‘, ื—'
  34. โ†‘ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื˜"ื•, ื™"ื˜
  35. โ†‘ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื™"ื—, ื˜"ื–
  36. โ†‘ ื™"ื’, ื™"ื’
  37. โ†‘ "ืืžืจ ืจ' ื—ื ื™ื ื ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืจ' ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžื•ืชื‘ื ืจื‘ื ืžื” ื ืฉืชื ื• ืคื˜ืจื™ ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืคื˜ืจื™ ืกื•ืกื™ื ื•ื’ืžืœื™ื ื"ืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืกื™ื™ืขื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื™ืฆื™ืืชื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขืžื• ืชืฉืขื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ืกืคื” ื•ื–ื”ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื".
  38. โ†‘ ืคื ื™ื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื”, ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื, ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ
  39. โ†‘ ืž"ื•,ื™"ื’-ืž"ื•-ื›"ื—
  40. โ†‘ ื™"ื˜-ื'-ื›"ื”
ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข - ื—ืžืฉืช ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช: ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื ื—, ืœืš ืœืš, ื•ื™ืจื, ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืจื”, ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฆื, ื•ื™ืฉืœื—, ื•ื™ืฉื‘, ืžืงืฅ, ื•ื™ื’ืฉ, ื•ื™ื—ื™

ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช: ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ืืจื, ื‘ื, ื‘ืฉืœื—, ื™ืชืจื•, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืชืจื•ืžื”, ืชืฆื•ื”, ื›ื™ ืชืฉื, ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ, ืคืงื•ื“ื™

ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื: ื•ื™ืงืจื, ืฆื•, ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ืชื–ืจื™ืข, ืžืฆื•ืจืข, ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ืจ, ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ: ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื ืฉื, ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš, ืฉืœื—, ืงืจื—, ื—ืงืช, ื‘ืœืง, ืคื™ื ื—ืก, ืžื˜ื•ืช, ืžืกืขื™

ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ, ืขืงื‘, ืจืื”, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืชืฆื, ื›ึดึผื™-ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื, ื ืฆื‘ื™ื, ื•ื™ืœืš, ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”

ืขืœื•ื ื™ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

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