ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืจื: ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื‘ื“ืฃ

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ืž (ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช:ืžืงื•ืจ)
ืื™ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ืจ ืขืจื™ื›ื”
ืฉื•ืจื” 211: ืฉื•ืจื” 211:


ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื”: ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื‘[[ืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ]] ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื”:"ื›ึนึผื”-ืึธืžึทืจ ืึฒื“ึน' ื”' ื‘ึฐึผืงึทื‘ึฐึผืฆึดื™ ืึถืช-ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืŸ-ื”ึธืขึทืžึดึผื™ื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื ึธืคึนืฆื•ึผ ื‘ึธื ื•ึฐื ึดืงึฐื“ึทึผืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ ื‘ึธื ืœึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉึฐืื‘ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ-ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึธื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืœึฐืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึดึผื™ ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘" <ref>ื›"ื—, ื›"ื”</ref>. ื”ื•ื ืžื ื‘ื ืขืœ ืžืคืœืช ื”ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืื•ืจ ืž"ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื" ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘:"ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืึถืœ-ื™ึฐืึนืจึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช-ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึฐื—ึธืจึฐื‘ื•ึนืช ื—ึนืจึถื‘ ืฉึฐืืžึธืžึธื” ืžึดืžึดึผื’ึฐื“ึนึผืœ ืกึฐื•ึตื ึตื” ื•ึฐืขึทื“-ื’ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืœ ื›ึผื•ึผืฉื" (ื™"ื). ืกื•ืคื” ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื’ื ืกื•ืฃ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”:"ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืึทืฆึฐืžึดื™ื—ึท ืงึถืจึถืŸ ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผืœึฐืšึธ ืึถืชึตึผืŸ ืคึดึผืชึฐื—ื•ึนืŸ-ืคึถึผื” ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนื›ึธื ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึดึผื™-ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'" <ref>ื›"ื˜, ื›"ื</ref>
ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื”: ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื‘[[ืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ]] ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื”:"ื›ึนึผื”-ืึธืžึทืจ ืึฒื“ึน' ื”' ื‘ึฐึผืงึทื‘ึฐึผืฆึดื™ ืึถืช-ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืŸ-ื”ึธืขึทืžึดึผื™ื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื ึธืคึนืฆื•ึผ ื‘ึธื ื•ึฐื ึดืงึฐื“ึทึผืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ ื‘ึธื ืœึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉึฐืื‘ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ-ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึธื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืœึฐืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึดึผื™ ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘" <ref>ื›"ื—, ื›"ื”</ref>. ื”ื•ื ืžื ื‘ื ืขืœ ืžืคืœืช ื”ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืื•ืจ ืž"ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื" ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘:"ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืึถืœ-ื™ึฐืึนืจึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช-ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึฐื—ึธืจึฐื‘ื•ึนืช ื—ึนืจึถื‘ ืฉึฐืืžึธืžึธื” ืžึดืžึดึผื’ึฐื“ึนึผืœ ืกึฐื•ึตื ึตื” ื•ึฐืขึทื“-ื’ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืœ ื›ึผื•ึผืฉื" (ื™"ื). ืกื•ืคื” ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื’ื ืกื•ืฃ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”:"ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืึทืฆึฐืžึดื™ื—ึท ืงึถืจึถืŸ ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผืœึฐืšึธ ืึถืชึตึผืŸ ืคึดึผืชึฐื—ื•ึนืŸ-ืคึถึผื” ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนื›ึธื ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึดึผื™-ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'" <ref>ื›"ื˜, ื›"ื</ref>
==ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื==
* [https://www.mgketer.org/mikra/2/6/2 ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืจื] ื‘ืืชืจ [[ืžืงืจืื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืชืจ|'ืžืงืจืื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืชืจ']]


== ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ==
== ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ==

ื’ืจืกื” ืžึพ16:03, 28 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2016

๏ปฟืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืจื ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช . ื”ื™ื ืงืจื•ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”:"ื•ึธืึตืจึธื ืึถืœ-ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึถืœ-ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื•ึฐืึถืœ-ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึตืœ ืฉึทืื“ึธึผื™ ื•ึผืฉึฐืืžึดื™ ื”' ืœึนื ื ื•ึนื“ึทืขึฐืชึดึผื™ ืœึธื”ึถื" (ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•',ื’').

ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžืžื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื”:"ื•ื™ืฆืื• ื ื•ื’ืฉื™ ื”ืขื ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื• (ืกื•ืฃ ืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžื•ืช[1] ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื–ืจ ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืš ืžืฉื” ืœืžื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืขืฉื” ืฉืฉื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืื•ืชื” ืฉืขื” ื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืžืฉื” ืืฉืชื• ื•ื‘ื ื™ื• (ื‘ืžื“ื™ืŸ) [ืœืžื“ื™ืŸ] [2].

ื‘ื”ืžืฉื›ื” ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืฉืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ื”ืื‘ื•ืช - ืœืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™

  • ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื ืืžืจ: [3] ืื ื™ ืืœ ืฉื“ื™ ื•ื’ื•'. [4] ื•ื ืชืชื™ ืœืš ื•ืœื–ืจืขืš ืื—ืจื™ืš ืืช ืืจืฅ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ืš.
  • ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื•:[5] ื›ื™ ืœืš ื•ืœื–ืจืขืš ืืชืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœ ื•ื”ืงื™ืžื•ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืืฉืจ ื ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื.
  • ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืื•ืชื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉื ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ ืœืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืืœ ืฉื“ื™ [6]ื‘ ืื ื™ ืืœ ืฉื“ื™ ืคืจื” ื•ืจื‘ื” ื•ื’ื•' ื•ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืืฉืจ ื•ื’ื•', ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื“ืจืชื™ ืœื”ื ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืชื™:

ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ:"ื•ึฐืกึดื‘ึธึผื” ืฉึฐืืœึดื™ืฉึดืื™ืช ืœึดื’ึฐืึปืœึธึผืชึธื ื”ึดื™ื, ืฉึถืืฉึธึผืืžึทืขึฐืชึดึผื™ ื ึทืึฒืงึธืชึธื ื•ึผืชึฐืคึดืœึธึผืชึธื ื‘ึทึผืฆึทึผืจ ืœึธื”ึถื"

ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื, ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจืขื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื”, ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื’ื ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื :"... ืฉึฐืืœึธื—ึทื ึดื™ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืฉึทืืœึทึผื— ืึถืช-ืขึทืžึดึผื™ ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึปื ึดื™ ื‘ึทึผืžึดึผื“ึฐื‘ึธึผืจ ..." [7]. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืื• ืฉื‘ืข ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจืชืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื.

ืžืฉื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื ื”: ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ื‘"ื ืชืž"ื– ื”ื™ื” ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืกื ื”. ื‘ืื™ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื›ื‘ื“ื” ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืจืง ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชืžื•ื– ื‘ืื” ื”ืžื›ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”: "ืžื›ืช ื”ื“ื". ืžื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื“, ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื˜ื‘ืช ื‘"ื ืชืž"ื—.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:

  1. ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื”. ืœืคื™ ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื“"ืจ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืคืจื‘ืจ ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ืื•ืœื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ื ื™ื
  2. ื™ื—ื•ืกื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ ื”ืขื.
  3. ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืคืจืขื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ืžื•ืคืช ื”ืชื ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืœื‘ ืคืจืขื”
  4. ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช- ืžื›ืช ื”ื“ื, ืžื›ืช ื”ืฆืคืจื“ืขื™ื ื•ืžื›ืช ื”ื›ื™ื ื™ื
  5. ืžื›ืช ืขืจื•ื‘ - ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื›ืชื‘: "ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืœื• ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ืืจื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืจื™ ื ืžืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื—ื™ืชื• ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื’ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื’ื•ืฉืŸ, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืžื›ืœืœ ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”, ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ืคืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ืืจืฅ ื’ื•ืฉืŸ, ืฉืชื ืฆืœ ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืขืžื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœื™ื”".
  6. ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉื ื™ - ืžื›ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืžื›ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ืŸ
  7. ืžื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื“ - ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ืคืจืขื”:"ื—ึธื˜ึธืืชึดื™ ื”ึทืคึธึผืขึทื ื™ึฐื”ื•ึธึนื” ื”ึทืฆึทึผื“ึดึผื™ืง ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืขึทืžึดึผื™ ื”ึธืจึฐืฉึธืืขึดื™ื, [8] ืืš ืœืœื ืชื•ืฆืื”:"ื•ึทื™ึถึผื—ึฑื–ึทืง ืœึตื‘ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉึดืืœึทึผื— ืึถืช-ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื“ึดึผื‘ึถึผืจ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึธึนื” ื‘ึฐึผื™ึทื“-ืžืฉึถืื”" - ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ื


ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช

ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื ืืžืจ : "ื•ืึตึธืจึธื ืึถืœ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึถืœ ื™ืฆึฐึดื—ึธืง ื•ืึฐึถืœ ื™ืขึฒึทืงึนื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึตืœ ืฉึทืื“ึธึผื™" ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ื•ืื•ืžืจ: "ืืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช". ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืžื” ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืคืฉื˜. ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• [9] ื›ืชื‘ "ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื–ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• (ื›ืืฉืจ ืกื™ืคืจ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ืฉื™ื) ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ื›ื•ืœื ืœืฉื ืื—ื“, ืœืœืžื“ ืฉืจืง ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ืื•ืœื”". ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืฉืจืง ืชืคื™ืœืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื[10] :"ืžืขืฉื” ืขืœ ืึตืœึดื™ึผื”ึธื•ึผ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจื’ื™ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™, ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจ"ื— ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืขื›ื‘ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืœืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื: ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืชืขื›ื‘ืช ืžืœื‘ื•ื? ืืžืจ ืœื• ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื: ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”, ื”ืขืจืชื™ ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืฉื˜ืคืชื™ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืคืœืœ ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ืฉื›ื‘ืชื™ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื™ืขืงื‘.

ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืจื‘ื™: ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื”ืขืจืช ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื ื‘ื™ื—ื“? ืขื ื” ืœื• ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื: ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืขื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืœื” ื•ืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ืฉืœื ื‘ื–ืžื ื•, ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ื ื™ื—ื“. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืจืง ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“ : ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื—ืกื“ ื•ื’ื ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืชืคื™ืœื”, ื’ื ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื’ื ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืจืง ื›ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื - ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื.

ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืžืœื ืืช ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”' ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ืื•ืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื. ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ื•ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื’ืื•ืœื” ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.


ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืงื‘"ื”

ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” "ืฉืžื•ืช" ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”:"ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึตึผืจ ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉึถืื” ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'. ื•ึธืึตืจึธื ืึถืœ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึถืœ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื•ึฐืึถืœ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื‘ึฐึผืึต-ืœ ืฉึทืื“ึธึผื™ ื•ึผืฉึฐืืžึดื™ ื”' ืœึนื ื ื•ึนื“ึทืขึฐืชึดึผื™ ืœึธื”ึถื." [11] ื”ืฉื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื (ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึตึผืจ ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื) ื•ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ืฉื ื”' (ื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'). ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ึฐืึต-ืœ ืฉึทืื“ึธึผื™ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ื”' (ื•ึผืฉึฐืืžึดื™ ื”' ืœึนื ื ื•ึนื“ึทืขึฐืชึดึผื™ ืœึธื”ึถื). ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืจื™ ื•ื›ื•ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืฉื.

ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืœืŸ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื“ื™ื ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื’ื•ืคื• ืขืกืงื” ืคืจื•ืค' ื ื—ืžื” ืœื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื–"ืœ ื‘ืกืคืจื” "ืขื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช". ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืฉืžื•ืช" ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืงื‘"ื”. ื›ืš ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื” [12] : "ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉื”: ืฉืžื™ ืืชื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื™ื“ืข? ืœืคื™ ืžืขืฉื™ ืื ื™ ื ืงืจื. ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื ืงืจื ื‘ื-ืœ ืฉื“ื™, ื‘ืฆื‘ืื•ืช, ื‘ืืœืงื™ื, ื‘ื”'. ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื“ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืื ื™ ื ืงืจื ืืœื•ืงื™ื, ื•ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืจืฉืขื™ื ืื ื™ ื ืงืจื ืฆื‘ืื•ืช, ื•ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืชื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื—ื˜ืื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืื ื™ ื ืงืจื ื-ืœ ืฉื“ื™, ื•ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจื—ื ืขืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืื ื™ ื ืงืจื ื”', ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”' ืืœื ืžื™ื“ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื”' ื”' ืืœ ืจื—ื•ื ื•ื—ื ื•ืŸ."

ืขืœ ืคื™ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื [13] : "ื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ืชื™ื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืขืœื ื‘ื• ืืœื ืฉื ืื—ื“, ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•"ื“ ื”"ื ื•ื"ื• ื”"ื (ืฉื ื”ื•ื™'ื”) ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื• ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื•ืœื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืฉื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ, ืขื ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืชืขืœื” ื”ื•ืจืื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจืช ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื”."

ื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื’ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื•ื™ [14]  :"ื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื-ืœื•ื” ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื”ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื•ืชืืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื•, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืฉืื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื”ืชืคืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื‘ืจืื™ื ื ืคืขืœื™ื ืžื’ื–ืจื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืžืžืขืฉื™ื•. ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืจื—ื•ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœืื“ื... ื›ืš ื”ื-ืœื•ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืืฆืœื ื• ืœืคื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•; ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื-ืœ ื—ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื—ื•ื ื•ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื-ืœ ืงื ื•ื ื•ื ื•ืงื, ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืชื•ืืจ."

ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ ืจืื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ (ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื“ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื•ืช ืื ื™ ื ืงืจื ืืœื•ืงื™ื) ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื”' ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื (ื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžืจื—ื ืขืœ ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืื ื™ ื ืงืจื ื”'). ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ (ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึตึผืจ ืึฑืœึนืงึดื™ื ืึถืœ ืžึนืฉึถืื”) ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืจื—ืžื™ื (ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'). ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” :

"...ืœืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืฉืœื ื™ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื ืคืจืขื” ืœื™ืœืš, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืชืŸ ืืชื›ื ืžืœืš ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื”ืœื•ืš ื•ืื ื™ ืื—ื–ืง ืืช ืœื‘ื•, ื•ืžืฉื” ืœื ืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ืืœื ื‘ื ืœื”ืชื—ื›ื ืขืœ ื’ื–ื™ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืื•ืžืจ ื”' ืœืžื” ื”ืจืขื•ืช ืœืขื ื”ื–ื”... ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ื ืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืชื” ื—ื›ืžื” ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืกื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•, ื›ื™ ืžื” ื”ืื“ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืœืš, ื•ื›ื™ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœื”ืจื”ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”... ื•ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืฉื”. ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: ื•ื™ื“ื‘ืจ ืืœืงื™ื ืืœ ืžืฉื”. ื•ืœืคื™ ืฉื ืกืชื›ืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘"ื” ืฉื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฆืขืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืŸ ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื ื”ื’ ืขืžื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืจื—ืžื™ื. ื”ื“ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘: ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื™ื• ืื ื™ ื”'."

ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”

ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคื• ื”ื‘ื: "ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉึธืืžึฐืขื•ึผ ืึถืœ-ืžืฉึถืื” ืžึดืงึนึผืฆึถืจ ืจื•ึผื—ึท ื•ึผืžึตืขึฒื‘ึนื“ึธื” ืงึธืฉึธืื”: " [15]. ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ: ืžืงืฆืจ ืจื•ื— - "ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ืฆืจ, ืจื•ื—ื• ื•ื ืฉื™ืžืชื• ืงืฆืจื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื ืฉื™ืžืชื•".

ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ืœืื• ื‘ืžืืžืจื• ืขืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืื“ื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื [16] ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื’ืžืช ืื“ื ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืชืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืฆืจ ื ืฉื™ืžื”. "ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื‘ื”ืœ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืชืจื•ืคืชื™ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืงืฆืจ ื˜ื•ื•ื—: ื–ืจื™ืงืช ืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื ืื• ืžืฉืืฃ. ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื“ื• ืื“ื, ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืœื• ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืคื” ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื• ืžืฉื•ืจืฉื”. ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื›ืขืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื•ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘. ืžื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืœืขืฆืชื•. ืื ื™ ื ื—ื ืง ื•ืืชื” ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื™ ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช?"

ืฉืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื ื˜ื•ืœ ื ืฉื™ืžื”. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื›ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืฆื• ืžืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”' ืžืฆื•ื” ืืช ืžืฉื”:" ืœื›ืŸ ืืžึนืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื ื™ ื”'" . ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื–ื”, ืื˜ ืื˜, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืงืœื˜ื• ืืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื. ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ืžืคืจื˜:

  1. ื•ึฐื”ื•ืฆึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื- ืžึดืชึทึผื—ึทืช ืกึดื‘ึฐืœืช ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื. ืžึดื™ึผื•ื ื”ึทืชึฐื—ึธืœึทืช ื”ึทืžึทึผื›ึผื•ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐืืงื˜ ื”ึทืฉึดึผืืขึฐื‘ึผื•ึผื“.
  2. ื•ึฐื”ึดืฆึทึผืœึฐืชึดึผื™- ื‘ึฐึผื™ื•ื ื‘ึดึผื™ืึทืช ืจึทืขึฐืžึฐืกึตืก, ืฉึถืืชึตึผืฆึฐืื•ึผ ืžึดื’ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืœึธื.
  3. ื•ึฐื’ึธืึทืœึฐืชึดึผื™ - ื‘ึดึผื˜ึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึทืช ื”ึทืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผื™ึธึผื, ื›ึฐึผืžื• ืฉึถืื”ึตืขึดื™ื“ ื‘ึฐึผืึธืžึฐืจื• "ื•ึทื™ึผื•ืฉึทืืข ื”' ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื" (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื“, ืœ) ื•ึฐื›ื•ึผ', ื›ึดึผื™ ืึทื—ึฒืจึตื™ ืžื•ืช ื”ึทืžึฐืฉึทืืขึฐื‘ึฐึผื“ึดื™ื ืœื ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืขื•ื“ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึดื™ื ื‘ึผื•ืจึฐื—ึดื™ื.
  4. ื•ึฐืœึธืงึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืœึดื™ ืœึฐืขึธื- ื‘ึฐึผืžึทืขึฒืžึทื“ ื”ึทืจ ืกึดื™ื ึธื™.

ื•ืื– ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื - ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช: ื•ึฐื”ึตื‘ึตืืชึดื™ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืึถืœ-ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ [17]- ืืœ ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ

ื”ื ืฆื™"ื‘ ืžื•ื•ืœื•ื–'ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืขืžืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”. ืฉื”ืจื™ "ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื ืื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ - ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื ืขื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื, ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžื•ืขื˜ ืœืžืขืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื›ื™ื ื”. ื•ืขืœ ื›ืจื—ืš ื ื“ืจืฉืฉ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื“ืขืชื• ื•ืฆืœืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜.

  1. ื•ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ - ื‘ืžื›ืช ืขืจื•ื‘ - ื”ื•ืกืจ ืงื•ืฉื™, ื”ืกื‘ืœ ื”ืขื™ื ื•ื™ - ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืขื‘ื“ื™ื.
  2. ื•ื”ืฆืœืชื™ - ืžื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื“ - ื”ื•ืกืจื” ื”ืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืืš ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืฉืœื—ื•, ืฉื ืืžืจ:"ื•ืœื ืฉื™ืœื— ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" - ืžืื– ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื "ื”ืขื", ืœืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืžืื– ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ื•ืงื™ืจ ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืกื™ืจ ืžื”ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืจืง ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืฉืœื—ืืืœื ืœื”ืชื ื”ื“ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“.
  3. ื•ื’ืืœืชื™ - ืžื›ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช - ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื—ืจื•ืช

"ื”ืขืžืง ื“ื‘ืจ" ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื”ืงืœื” ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘"ืžื›ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ" "ืขื•ื“ืš ืžืกืชื•ืœืœ ื‘ืขืžื™ , ืœืืžื•ืจ:ื•ืขื•ื“ืš ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ื - ืจืื” ืœื”ืงืœ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขืฉื” ืžืกื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืื™ืš ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ื•ืจืง ืฉืœื ืœืฉืœื—ื ืœื’ืžืจื™". ืืชื” ืžื—ืคืฉ ืžืกื™ืœื•ืช ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขืžื”ื ืจืง ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืฉืœื—ื. ื•ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื ืืžืจ:"ืขื“ ื›ื“ื•ืŸ ืื ืช ืžืชืจื‘ืจื‘ ื‘ืขืžื™" ืžืคืจืฉ ืžืกืชื•ืœืœ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ:"ืกื•ืœื• ืœืจื•ื›ื‘ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื•ืช" - ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืงืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื“ืื™ ื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ืœื”ืฉืชื‘ื— ื‘ืขืžื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ื”' - ื”ืžื” ืขื‘ื“ื™ื•.

ื™ื—ื•ืกื ืฉืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ืžืฉื”

ื‘ื˜ืจื ื™ื™ื—ืœื• ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืชืŸืœื“ืŸืช ืึทื”ึฒืจืŸ ื•ึผืžืฉึถืื”: "ื•ึฐืึตืœึถึผื” ื”ึทื ึดึผื›ึฐื‘ึธึผื“ึดื™ื ืžึดื›ึธึผืœ ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ืึฒื‘ื•ืชึธื ื”ึตื ื”ึธืึฒื ึธืฉึดืื™ื ืฉึถืื‘ึฐึผื“ึดื™ืŸ ื•ึผื›ึฐืจึธืื•ึผื™ ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืœึธื”ึถื ื”ื•ืฆึดื™ืื•ึผ ืึถืช ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ. ื›ึดึผื™ ื”ึธื™ื•ึผ ืจึฐืื•ึผื™ึดื™ื ืœึดื”ึฐื™ื•ืช ื“ึดึผื‘ึฐืจึตื™ื”ึถื ื ึดืฉึฐืืžึธืขึดื™ื ืึตืฆึถืœ ื›ึธึผืœ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ" - ื›ืชื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืกืคื•ืจื ื•.


ืืœื” ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื•ืชื ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช โ€โ€[18]
ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืœื•ื™
ื—ึฒื ื•ึนืšึฐ ื•ึผืคึทืœึผื•ึผื ื—ึถืฆึฐืจึนืŸ ื•ึฐื›ึทืจึฐืžึดื™ (ื™"ื“) ื™ึฐืžื•ึผืึตืœ ื•ึฐื™ึธืžึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐืึนื”ึทื“ ื•ึฐื™ึธื›ึดื™ืŸ ื•ึฐืฆึนื—ึทืจ ื•ึฐืฉึธืืื•ึผืœ ื‘ึถึผืŸ-ื”ึทื›ึฐึผื ึทืขึฒื ึดื™ืช (ื˜"ื•) ื’ึตึผืจึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ื•ึผืงึฐื”ึธืช ื•ึผืžึฐืจึธืจึดื™ (ื˜"ื–)

ื•ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ? ื‘ืคืกื™ืงืชื ืจื‘ืชื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ : "ืืœื• ืฉืœืฉื” ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื’ื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืขืช ืฆื•ื•ืืชื•, ื™ื™ื—ืกื ืขืชื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื" - ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื—ืกื ื›ืืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืคื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื ื–ื›ื• ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืจืื•ื™.
"ื•ึผืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึตึผื™ ืœึตื•ึดื™ ืฉึถืื‘ึทืข ื•ึผืฉึฐืืœืฉึดืื™ื ื•ึผืžึฐืึทืช ืฉึธืื ึธื”" ื‘ืŸ 137 ืฉื ื”. ืœืžื” ื ืžื ื• ืฉื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืœื•ื™ ? ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื ืงื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“, ืฉื ืืžืจ โ€โ€[19] "ื•ื™ืžืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื›ืœ ืื—ื™ื•", ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ( ื—) "ื•ื™ืงื ืžืœืš ื—ื“ืฉ" - ื•ืœื•ื™ ื”ืืจื™ืš ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื•ืœื.

ื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื™
ื‘ื ื™ ื’ืจืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืงื”ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžืจืจื™
ืœึดื‘ึฐื ึดื™ ื•ึฐืฉึดืืžึฐืขึดื™ (ื™"ื–) ืขึทืžึฐืจึธื ื•ึฐื™ึดืฆึฐื”ึธืจ ื•ึฐื—ึถื‘ึฐืจื•ึนืŸ ื•ึฐืขึปื–ึดึผื™ืึตืœ (ื™"ื—) ืžึทื—ึฐืœึดื™ ื•ึผืžื•ึผืฉึดืื™ (ื™"ื˜)
ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžืจื ื‘ืŸ ืงื”ืช ื•ื™ื•ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืช ืœื•ื™
ืžืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื” ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•

"ื•ึผืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึตึผื™ ืงึฐื”ึธืช ืฉึธืืœืฉื ื•ึผืฉึฐืืœืฉึดืื™ื ื•ึผืžึฐืึทืช ืฉึธืื ึธื”" - ืงื”ืช ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ื—ื™ 133 ืฉื ื”.
ื•ึผืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึตึผื™ ืขึทืžึฐืจึธื ืฉึถืื‘ึทืข ื•ึผืฉึฐืืœืฉึดืื™ื ื•ึผืžึฐืึทืช ืฉึธืื ึธื” - ืขืžืจื ื‘ืŸ ืงื”ืช ื—ื™ 130 ืฉื ื”.
ืžืกื›ื•ื ื—ื™ื™ ืงื”ืช ื•ื—ื™ื™ ืขืžืจื ืื•ืžืจ "ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื”" - ืื ื• ืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื”. ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืกื›ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื ืžื ื” ืœื ืจืง "ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื•, ืืœื ืžื™ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง". ืื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ืฉื ื•ืช ืงื”ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืจื“ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืช ืขืžืจื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืœื ืชืžืฆืื ืืจื‘ืข ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื”, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ืื—ื•ืคืคื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช.

ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ื™ืงื— ืขืžืจื ืืช ื™ื•ื›ื‘ื“ ื“ื•ื“ืชื• [20] ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืื™ืจ: ืžื” ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ื ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื™ืฆื ืื“ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืžืฉื” ืžืœืงื•ื—ื™' (ืœืงื—ื™ื - ืžืฆื•ื•ืช) ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืคืจื ืก ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื ื"ืœ ืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจืฆื™ื ืชืœื•ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืืจื•, ืคืŸ ื™ืชื’ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื“ (ืžืขืฉื” ืชืžืจ ื•ืชืžืจ ื”ืžื•ืื‘ื™ื”)

ืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื™
ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฆึฐื”ึธืจ ืงึนืจึทื— ื•ึธื ึถืคึถื’ ื•ึฐื–ึดื›ึฐืจึดื™ (ื›"ื) ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืขึปื–ึดึผื™ืึตืœ ืžึดื™ืฉึธืืึตืœ ื•ึฐืึถืœึฐืฆึธืคึธืŸ ื•ึฐืกึดืชึฐืจึดื™

ืคืจืฉืŸ ื”ืžืงืจื ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™ ื›ืชื‘:"ืœื ืžื ื” ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืื™ืชืžืจ "ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื ืื™ืจืข ื‘ื ืžืขืฉื”". ืื‘ืœ ืžื ื” ื‘ื ื™ ืขืžืจื ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืื—ื“ื•ืช. ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฆื”ืจ ืžื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขื ื‘ื ื• "ืงืจื—". ื•ื’ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ - ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ :" ื•ื™ืงืจื ืžืฉื” ืืœ ืžื™ืฉืืœ ื•ืืœ ืืœืคืฆืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ". ืืš ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ืื™ืชืžืจ ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ.

ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื
ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึทึผื— ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืึถืช-ืึฑืœึดื™ืฉึถืื‘ึทืข ื‘ึทึผืช-ืขึทืžึดึผื™ื ึธื“ึธื‘ ืึฒื—ื•ึนืช ื ึทื—ึฐืฉืื•ึนืŸ ืœื•ึน ืœึฐืึดืฉึธึผืื” (ื›"ื’)
ื•ึทืชึตึผืœึถื“ ืœื•ึน ืึถืช-ื ึธื“ึธื‘ ื•ึฐืึถืช-ืึฒื‘ึดื™ื”ื•ึผื ืึถืช-ืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ ื•ึฐืึถืช-ืึดื™ืชึธืžึธืจ
ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ืงึนืจึทื— ืึทืกึดึผื™ืจ ื•ึฐืึถืœึฐืงึธื ึธื” ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึดื™ืึธืกึธืฃ
ื•ึฐืึถืœึฐืขึธื–ึธืจ ื‘ึถึผืŸ-ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ืœึธืงึทื—-ืœื•ึน ืžึดื‘ึฐึผื ื•ึนืช ืคึผื•ึผื˜ึดื™ืึตืœ ืœื•ึน ืœึฐืึดืฉึธึผืื” ื•ึทืชึตึผืœึถื“ ืœื•ึน ืึถืช-ืคึดึผื™ื ึฐื—ึธืก

ื•ืœืžื” ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืฉื ืืช ืื—ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ - "ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืžื“ื ื• ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืืฉื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืื—ื™ื”"

ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื ื•":"ื”ื•ึผื ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื•ึผืžืฉึถืื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึธืžึทืจ ื”ืจ ื”ึถื ื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ืื•ึผ ืึถืช-ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืขึทืœ-ืฆึดื‘ึฐืึนืชึธื ื”ึตื ื”ึทืžึฐื“ึทื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ื ืึถืœ-ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ-ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึฐื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ืึถืช-ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื”ื•ึผื ืžืฉึถืื” ื•ึฐืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ" ("ื•-ื›"ื–)

ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื


ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืข ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจ ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื. ืืœื• ื”ื ื”ืคื’ืขื™ื ืฉื ื’ืฃ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื—ื ืœืฉืœื— ืžืฉื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืื” ื”ืžื›ื”, ืคืจืขื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืืจืฆื•. ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืคืชื” ื”ืžื›ื” ื•ื‘ืื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ืชื—ืจื˜. ื”' ื”ืงืฉื” ืืช ืœื™ื‘ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืคืขื ืื—ืจ ืคืขื ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ืœืขื™ื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื™ื [21].

ืžืฉื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื”:" ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืžืฉืคื˜ ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ; ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื™ื•ื‘, ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ; ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื™ื, ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ [22]. ืžื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื“ ื ื—ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื“ืจ, ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืฉืขื•ืจื” - ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื” -ืืคื™ืœื”.

ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื‘"ืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืจื"

ื”ืžื›ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื”ืžื›ื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื”
ื“ึธื ื–', ื™"ื–-ื›"ื“ "ืฉึทืืœึทึผื— ืึถืช-ืขึทืžึดึผื™ ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึปื ึดื™ ื‘ึทึผืžึดึผื“ึฐื‘ึธึผืจ" "ื”ึทืžึทึผื™ึดื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึทึผื™ึฐืึนืจ ื•ึฐื ึถื”ึถืคึฐื›ื•ึผ ืœึฐื“ึธื" "ื›ึดึผื™ ืœึนื ื™ึธื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืœึดืฉึฐืืชึนึผืช ืžึดืžึตึผื™ืžึตื™ ื”ึทื™ึฐืึนืจ" "ื•ึฐืœึนื-ืฉึธืืช ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ื’ึทึผื-ืœึธื–ึนืืช"
ืฆึฐืคึทืจึฐื“ึฐึผืขึดื™ื ื–', ื›"ื•-ื›"ื˜
ื—', ื'-ื™"ื		 "ืฉึทืืœึทึผื— ืึถืช-ืขึทืžึดึผื™ ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึปื ึดื™" "ื ึนื’ึตืฃ ืึถืช-ื›ึธึผืœ-ื’ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืœึฐืšึธ ื‘ึทึผืฆึฐืคึทืจึฐื“ึฐึผืขึดื™ื" "ื•ึทืชึดึผื‘ึฐืึทืฉื ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ" "ื•ึฐื”ึทื›ึฐื‘ึตึผื“ ืึถืช-ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน
ื›ึดื ึดึผื ื—' ื™"ื‘-ื™"ื˜ (ืื™ืŸ) "ื•ึทื™ึทึผืšึฐ ืึถืช-ืขึฒืคึทืจ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึทืชึฐึผื”ึดื™ ื”ึทื›ึดึผื ึธึผื" "ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึดื ึดึผื™ื ื‘ึฐึผื›ึธืœ-ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื" "ืึถืฆึฐื‘ึทึผืข ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื”ึดื•ื"
ืขึธืจึนื‘ ื—', ื˜"ื–-ื›"ื— " ืฉึทืืœึทึผื— ืขึทืžึดึผื™ ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึปื ึดื™" ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืžึทืฉึฐืืœึดื™ื—ึท ื‘ึฐึผืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึทืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืขึทืžึฐึผืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐื‘ึธืชึถึผื™ืšึธ ืึถืช-ื”ึถืขึธืจึนื‘ "ื•ึทื™ึธึผื‘ึนื ืขึธืจึนื‘ ื›ึธึผื‘ึตื“ ื‘ึตึผื™ืชึธื” ืคึทืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืช ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ-ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืชึดึผืฉึธึผืื—ึตืช ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ืžึดืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ื”ึถืขึธืจึนื‘
ืืš ืœื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื’ื•ืฉืŸ		 ืžื™ื™ื“:"ืœึฐื›ื•ึผ ื–ึดื‘ึฐื—ื•ึผ ืœึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึธึผืึธืจึถืฅ"
ืืš ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš:"ื•ึทื™ึทึผื›ึฐื‘ึตึผื“ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ืึถืช-ืœึดื‘ึผื•ึน ื’ึทึผื ื‘ึทึผืคึทึผืขึทื ื”ึทื–ึนึผืืช ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉึดืืœึทึผื— ืึถืช-ื”ึธืขึธื"
ื“ึถึผื‘ึถืจ ื˜', ื'-ื–' "ืฉึทืืœึทึผื— ืึถืช-ืขึทืžึดึผื™ ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึปื ึดื™" "ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืงึฐื ึฐืšึธ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึทึผืฉึธึผื‚ื“ึถื” ื‘ึทึผืกึผื•ึผืกึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผื—ึฒืžึนืจึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผื’ึฐึผืžึทืœึดึผื™ื ื‘ึทึผื‘ึธึผืงึธืจ ื•ึผื‘ึทืฆึนึผืืŸ ื“ึถึผื‘ึถืจ ื›ึธึผื‘ึตื“ ืžึฐืึนื“" "ื•ึทื™ึธึผืžึธืช ื›ึนึผืœ ืžึดืงึฐื ึตื” ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื"
ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืœึนื-ืžึตืช ืžึดืžึดึผืงึฐื ึตื” ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทื“-ืึถื—ึธื“		 "ื•ึทื™ึดึผื›ึฐื‘ึทึผื“ ืœึตื‘ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉึดืืœึทึผื— ืึถืช-ื”ึธืขึธื"
ืฉึฐืื—ึดื™ืŸ ื˜',ื—'-ื™"ื‘ (ืื™ืŸ ) "ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืึถืช-ืคึดึผื™ื—ึท ื”ึทื›ึดึผื‘ึฐืฉึธืืŸ ...ื•ึทื™ึดึผื–ึฐืจึนืง ืึนืชื•ึน ืžืฉึถืื” ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืžึธื™ึฐืžึธื” "ืฉึฐืื—ึดื™ืŸ ืึฒื‘ึทืขึฐื‘ึปึผืขึนืช ืคึนึผืจึตื—ึท ื‘ึธึผืึธื“ึธื ื•ึผื‘ึทื‘ึฐึผื”ึตืžึธื”" " ื•ึทื™ึฐื—ึทื–ึตึผืง ื”' ืึถืช-ืœึตื‘ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉึธืืžึทืข ืึฒืœึตื”ึถื "
'ื‘ึธึผืจึธื“ ื˜', ื™"ื’-ืœ"ื” "ืฉึทืืœึทึผื— ืึถืช-ืขึทืžึดึผื™ ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึปื ึดื™" " ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึธืจึธื“ ื•ึฐืึตืฉื ืžึดืชึฐืœึทืงึทึผื—ึทืช ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืšึฐ ื”ึทื‘ึธึผืจึธื“ ื›ึธึผื‘ึตื“ ืžึฐืึนื“"
"ืจึทืง ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ื’ึผืฉึถืืŸ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ-ืฉึธืื ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืœึนื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื‘ึธึผืจึธื“"		 "ื•ึฐื”ึทืคึดึผืฉึฐืืชึธึผื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึฐึผื‚ืขึนืจึธื” ื ึปื›ึธึผืชึธื” ื›ึดึผื™ ื”ึทืฉึฐึผื‚ืขึนืจึธื” ืึธื‘ึดื™ื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึทืคึดึผืฉึฐืืชึธึผื” ื’ึดึผื‘ึฐืขึนืœ" "ื•ึทื™ึถึผื—ึฑื–ึทืง ืœึตื‘ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึฐืœึนื ืฉึดืืœึทึผื— ืึถืช-ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ "

ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืžื›ื•ืช:ื”ื“ื

ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื›ื™ "ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื" ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื—ืœืงื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื“ื•ื“ ืœื•ืฆืื˜ื•: ื•ื™ื”ืคื›ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืืจ ืœื“ื - ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื“ืขื” ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื”. ื•ื”ื ื” ืชื•ืคืขื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ืžื™ืžื™ ื ื™ืœื•ืก ืื—ืจ ืฉื’ืื• ืžืขืœ ืจืžืชื ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื•ื ืฉืคื›ื• ืขืœ ืื“ืžืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ืฅ ื ืจืื™ื ื›"ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื•ืขื‘ื™ื" ืื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืกื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื”ื ื™ืœื•ืก ืžืืจืฆื•ืช ื—ื‘ืฉ ื•ืกื•ื“ืŸ ื•ืื ืžืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื‘ืข ืื“ื•ื. ื›ืš ื’ื ืงื•ืจื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืืจืฆื•ืช. ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืืœื” "ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืขื ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื" ื›ื™ ื’ื ื™ืขืœื” ืจื™ื—ื ื•ื’ื ืจืขื™ื ืœืฉืชื™ื”.

ืฉื“"ืœ ืกื‘ื•ืจ "ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉื” ืœื”ื˜ื•ืช ืœื‘ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœื™ื• ืข"ื™ ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื”ื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”, ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ืื™ื–ื” ืžื•ืคืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื ื•ื”ื’ ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื”ืืœ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืžืงืฆืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืžื“ืจืš ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื” ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ืฆื“ ืžื”, ืงืฆืชืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื•ืงืฆืชืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื” ืื—ืจืช.

ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกื›ื:" ืืคืก ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื ืชืงื‘ืฆื• ื•ื‘ืื• ื›ื•ืœืŸ, ื•ื’ื ื ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืื™ื–ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื‘ืข. ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืžื›ืช ื”ื“ื ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื ืชื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื“ืžื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื”ื ืื™ื–ื” ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœืจื•ืข ืขื“ ืฉืžืชื” ื”ื“ื’ื” ืฉื‘ื”ื, ืžื” ืฉืœื ืžืฆืื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ืืจื—ื•ืช ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื–ื• ืจืื™ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืฉ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืคืกื“ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื–ืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื”ืคื›ื• ื”ืžื™ื ืœื“ื ืžืžืฉ." [23]

ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื

ืื—ืจื™ ืžื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื“ ืžืกืคืจืช ืœื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” :"ื•ึฐื”ึทืคึดึผืฉึฐืืชึธึผื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึฐึผื‚ืขึนืจึธื” ื ึปื›ึธึผืชึธื” ื›ึดึผื™ ื”ึทืฉึฐึผื‚ืขึนืจึธื” ืึธื‘ึดื™ื‘ ื•ึฐื”ึทืคึดึผืฉึฐืืชึธึผื” ื’ึดึผื‘ึฐืขึนืœ" [24]. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืคืฉืชื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืขื•ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืคื™ืงื• ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชืงืฉื• - ื ืฉื‘ืจื• ืื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฉ"ื™: "ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืจื” ื•ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืงืฉื™ื” ื•ื ืฉืชื‘ืจื• ื•ื ืคืœื•". ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช :" ื•ึฐื”ึทื—ึดื˜ึธึผื” ื•ึฐื”ึทื›ึปึผืกึถึผืžึถืช ืœึนื ื ึปื›ึผื•ึผ ื›ึดึผื™ ืึฒืคึดื™ืœึนืช ื”ึตื ึธึผื”" (ืœ"ื*) - ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ - "ืืคื™ืœืช" ื•ื”ื™ื• ืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื ื ืคื’ืขื• ืžืžื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื“.

ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื ื‘ื ืฆืœ ื‘ืฉื™ื—ืชื• ืœืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืจื ื“ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื :ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ืœืžื” ื ื‘ืจืื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื [25] :"ื™ืฉ ืžืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ืขืœ ื–ืืช ื•ื“ืจืฉื• ื›ื™ ืืคื™ืœื•ืช ืคืœืื™ ืคืœืื•ืช ื ืขืฉื• ืœื”ื, ืฉืœื ืœืงื•". ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืงืจื” ื ืก ื‘ืžื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื“, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืคื™ืœืช ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•: "ืคืœืื™ ืคืœืื•ืช".

ื•ืฉื•ืืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื ื‘ื ืฆืœ, ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ื›ื•ืกืžืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื ื’ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื“. ืœืžื” ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื ื• ื—ื•ืง ื˜ื‘ืข ืื—ื“, ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื™ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ื”ืืžื ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ื‘ื›ื•ืกืžืช ืœื ื ื›ื• ื•ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืจื›ื•ืชืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื ื” ืœื›ืš ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืช:

  • ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืืจื‘ื” ืžื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืจื“ ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื” ืชืคื’ืข ื”ืืจื‘ื” ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื.
  • ื›ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ืคืจืขื” ืืžืจื• ืœื• :"ื”ึฒื˜ึถืจึถื ืชึตึผื“ึทืข ื›ึดึผื™ ืึธื‘ึฐื“ึธื” ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื" [26] ื•ืคืจืขื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ื›ื ืข, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ "ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืื‘ื“ ื”ืชืงื•ื”": ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืžืช, ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื—ื˜ื” - ืžืฉื” ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
  • ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืื”, ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ , ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชื“ืœ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืœื ืก, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ ืฉื™ืจืฆื” ืœื›ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื•, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ืฉืœื ืชืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกื™ื™ื, ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœื ืกื™ื, ืื—ืจืช ื ืื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืคืขืœื•ืช ืžื”ื.

ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช

ืกืงื™ืจืช ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื”: ืžื”ื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืฉ ืืช ืคืจืขื” ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ืฉื—ื˜ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืื ืœื—ื˜ื•ื ื•ืื ืœืื• ? ืฉื”ืจื™ ื ืืžืจ:"ื•ืื ื™ ืืงืฉื” ืืช ืœื‘ ืคืจืขื”".

ืžืฉื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ ื‘ืืชืจ ื›ื™ืคื”]:" ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื• ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ืื ื’ื•ืจื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• - ื-ืœื”ื™ ืื• ื˜ื‘ืขื™ - ืžืืœืฅ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืš ื•ืœื ืื—ืจืช, ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™, ื”ืŸ ืžืžืงื•ืจ ื-ืœื”ื™, ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืžืงื•ืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™. ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ืœืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ืื• ืœื’ืžื•ืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืขืœ ืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ืกืจื™, ืœืœื ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืš ืื• ื”ื”ืคืš."

ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืœ' [27] , ืื›ืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉืœืœ ืžืคืจืขื” ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”: "ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื—ื˜ื ื—ื˜ืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื”ื•ื ืฉืืžืจ: 'ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืœื‘ ื”ืขื ื”ื–ื”', ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: 'ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืœืขื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ื-ืœื”ื™ื ื•ื‘ื•ื–ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ืžืชืขืชืขื™ื ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื•, ืขื“ ืœืื™ืŸ ืžืจืคื'; ืœืคื™ื›ืš, 'ืื—ื–ืง ืืช ืœื‘ ืคืจืขื”'...". ืฉืœื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื. ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื—ื˜ื "ืžืฉื›ืคืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื•" ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืขื ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœ.

ืจื‘ ืกืขื“ื™ื” ื’ืื•ืŸ [28] ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื . ืœื“ืขืชื•, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืืœืฅ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื—ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžืขื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื•ืžื˜ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื” - ืื—ืจืช ื”ื™ืชื”: "ื‘ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื ืคืฉ, ื‘ื‘ื•ื ืคื’ืข ืžืจืขื” ื•ืžืฉืžื•ืขื”, ืฉืœื ื™ืื‘ื“ ืžื”ื. ื›ืžื•, 'ื•ืื ื™ ืืงืฉื” ืืช ืœื‘ ืคืจืขื”', 'ื•ื—ื™ื–ืงืชื™ ืืช ืœื‘ ืคืจืขื”'. ื•ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื ืคืฉื• ืฉืœื ื™ืื‘ื“ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉืœืžื• ืœื• ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื›ื•ืช...". ืคืจืขื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื ืขื ืฉ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ืจื•ื‘. ื”ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืชืช ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ื” ืื—ืช, ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฆื“ืง ืžืฉื•ื•ืข. ืขื•ื ืฉ ื›ื” ืงืœ ืขืœ ืคืฉืข ื›ื” ื—ืžื•ืจ?!

ื”ืจื‘ ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืืจื™ืืœ ืžืงืฉื” : ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืžืข, ืœืฉื ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชืจื•ืช ื‘ื• ื•ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื›ื•ืช? ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขื•ื ื” ืจืก"ื’: "ื›ื™ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืืœ ื”ื›ื•ืคืจื™ื, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ืขืฉื• ืื•ืชื”, ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื ื•ืกืจื• ื•ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื ื•, ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืขื“ ืขืชื” ื•ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืื ืฉื™ ืกื“ื•ื, ื•ืคืจืขื”, ื•ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื". ื•ื”ืจื™ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื - ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžืกืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ:"ื•ืื ื™ ืืงืฉื” ืืช ืœื‘ ืคืจืขื” ื•ื”ืจื‘ื™ืชื™ ืืช ืื•ืชื•ืชื™ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืคืชื™ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื... ื•ื™ื“ืขื• ืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ื”' ื‘ื ื˜ื•ืชื™ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื."

ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื ื•ืคืš ืืงื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืžืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš: ื”ืกื‘ืจื”, ืฉื›ื ื•ืข, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื”ื˜ืœืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช, ืžืชืŸ ืคืจืกื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืขื ื™ืฉื”. ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื“ืจืš ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฆื‘, ื•ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืžืงื•ืžื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื”. ืื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ืฉืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœื”, ืื•ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ืฉื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืืŸ:

  • ื”ืื–ื”ืจื” ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ, ืฉื›ืŸ "ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ืฉื™ืŸ ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืžื–ื”ื™ืจื™ืŸ".
  • ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื. ืื–ื”ืจืช ืžืฉื” ืืช ืคืจืขื” ื•ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืช ืœื‘ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืžืื•ืœืฆืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื, ื•ืื– ื—ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื”ื“ื•ืง ืฉื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ, ื•ืื– ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.

ื”"ื‘ืจื“" - ืžื”ื• ?

ืžื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื“, ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจืช ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืงืฉื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืžืกืคืจ :"ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืœึนื-ื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึธืžึนื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึฐืžึดืŸ-ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึดื•ึธึผืกึฐื“ึธื” ื•ึฐืขึทื“-ืขึธืชึธึผื”" [29]. ื‘ืจื“ ืฉืœื ืžืขื•ืœื ื‘ืืจืฆื ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื”. ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื” ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื:"ื™ึทื”ึฒืจึนื’ ื‘ึทึผื‘ึธึผืจึธื“ ื’ึทึผืคึฐื ึธื ื•ึฐืฉึดืืงึฐืžื•ึนืชึธื ื‘ึทึผื—ึฒื ึธืžึทืœ. ื•ึทื™ึทึผืกึฐื’ึตึผืจ ืœึทื‘ึธึผืจึธื“ ื‘ึฐึผืขึดื™ืจึธื ื•ึผืžึดืงึฐื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึธืจึฐืฉึธืืคึดื™ื [30]. ื”ื ื–ืง ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžืงืจื:"ื•ึฐืึตืช ื›ึธึผืœ-ืขึตืฉึถื‚ื‘ ื”ึทืฉึธึผื‚ื“ึถื” ื”ึดื›ึธึผื” ื”ึทื‘ึธึผืจึธื“ ื•ึฐืึถืช-ื›ึธึผืœ-ืขึตืฅ ื”ึทืฉึธึผื‚ื“ึถื” ืฉึดืื‘ึตึผืจ" (ื›"ื”).


ื”ืคื˜ืจืช ื”ืคืจืฉื”

ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื”: ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื. ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื”:"ื›ึนึผื”-ืึธืžึทืจ ืึฒื“ึน' ื”' ื‘ึฐึผืงึทื‘ึฐึผืฆึดื™ ืึถืช-ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืŸ-ื”ึธืขึทืžึดึผื™ื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื ึธืคึนืฆื•ึผ ื‘ึธื ื•ึฐื ึดืงึฐื“ึทึผืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ ื‘ึธื ืœึฐืขึตื™ื ึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉึฐืื‘ื•ึผ ืขึทืœ-ืึทื“ึฐืžึธืชึธื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืœึฐืขึทื‘ึฐื“ึดึผื™ ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘" [31]. ื”ื•ื ืžื ื‘ื ืขืœ ืžืคืœืช ื”ืžืžืœื›ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืืช ื”ื™ืื•ืจ ืž"ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื" ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘:"ืœึธื›ึตืŸ ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ืึตืœึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืึถืœ-ื™ึฐืึนืจึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช-ืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ืœึฐื—ึธืจึฐื‘ื•ึนืช ื—ึนืจึถื‘ ืฉึฐืืžึธืžึธื” ืžึดืžึดึผื’ึฐื“ึนึผืœ ืกึฐื•ึตื ึตื” ื•ึฐืขึทื“-ื’ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืœ ื›ึผื•ึผืฉื" (ื™"ื). ืกื•ืคื” ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื’ื ืกื•ืฃ ืžืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื” ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื”:"ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ืึทืฆึฐืžึดื™ื—ึท ืงึถืจึถืŸ ืœึฐื‘ึตื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื•ึผืœึฐืšึธ ืึถืชึตึผืŸ ืคึดึผืชึฐื—ื•ึนืŸ-ืคึถึผื” ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนื›ึธื ื•ึฐื™ึธื“ึฐืขื•ึผ ื›ึดึผื™-ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”'" [32]

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื

  1. โ†‘ ื”',ื™'
  2. โ†‘ ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื”' ื™"ื˜
  3. โ†‘ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™"ื–, ื'
  4. โ†‘ ื™"ื–, ื—'
  5. โ†‘ ื›"ื•, ื’'
  6. โ†‘ ืœ"ื” ื™"ื-ื™"
  7. โ†‘ ื–' ื˜"ื–
  8. โ†‘ ื˜', ื›"ื–
  9. โ†‘ ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื”, ืœืคืจืฉืช ื•ืืจื ื›"ื— ื˜ื‘ืช ืชืฉืก"ื˜
  10. โ†‘ ืค"ื”
  11. โ†‘ ื•' ื’'
  12. โ†‘ ื’', ื•'
  13. โ†‘ ื‘"ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื" ื—ืœืง ื ืคืจืง ืกื
  14. โ†‘ ื‘"ื›ื•ื–ืจื™" (ืžืืžืจ ืฉื ื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘)
  15. โ†‘ ื•',ื˜'
  16. โ†‘ "ื”ืืจืฅ" - 23 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2009
  17. โ†‘ ื•',ื—'
  18. โ†‘ โ€ื•', ื™ื“,- ื›"ื•โ€
  19. โ†‘ โ€ืฉืžื•ืช ื' ื•'โ€
  20. โ†‘ ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ื•',ื›'
  21. โ†‘ ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืจืš:ืžื›ื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื
  22. โ†‘ ืžืกื›ืช ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ,ื‘',',
  23. โ†‘ ืฉื“"ืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ื–', ื›'
  24. โ†‘ ื•',ืœ"ื
  25. โ†‘ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™
  26. โ†‘ ',ื–'
  27. โ†‘ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•', ื’'
  28. โ†‘ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื“', ื•'
  29. โ†‘ ื˜', ื™"ื—
  30. โ†‘ ืข"ื—, ืžื–-ืž"ื—
  31. โ†‘ ื›"ื—, ื›"ื”
  32. โ†‘ ื›"ื˜, ื›"ื
ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข - ื—ืžืฉืช ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช: ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื ื—, ืœืš ืœืš, ื•ื™ืจื, ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืจื”, ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฆื, ื•ื™ืฉืœื—, ื•ื™ืฉื‘, ืžืงืฅ, ื•ื™ื’ืฉ, ื•ื™ื—ื™

ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช: ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ืืจื, ื‘ื, ื‘ืฉืœื—, ื™ืชืจื•, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืชืจื•ืžื”, ืชืฆื•ื”, ื›ื™ ืชืฉื, ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ, ืคืงื•ื“ื™

ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื: ื•ื™ืงืจื, ืฆื•, ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ืชื–ืจื™ืข, ืžืฆื•ืจืข, ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ืจ, ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ: ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื ืฉื, ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš, ืฉืœื—, ืงืจื—, ื—ืงืช, ื‘ืœืง, ืคื™ื ื—ืก, ืžื˜ื•ืช, ืžืกืขื™

ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ, ืขืงื‘, ืจืื”, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืชืฆื, ื›ึดึผื™-ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื, ื ืฆื‘ื™ื, ื•ื™ืœืš, ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”

ืขืœื•ื ื™ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

ืื•ื—ื–ืจ ืžืชื•ืš "https://www.yeshiva.org.il/wiki/index.php?title=ืคืจืฉืช_ื•ืืจื&oldid=103870"