ืคืจืฉืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืคืจืฉืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช. ื”ื™ื ืงืจื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื— ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”: "ื•ึฐืึตืœึถึผื” ืชึผื•ึนืœึฐื“ึนืช ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื‘ึถึผืŸ-ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ื”ื•ึนืœึดื™ื“ ืึถืช-ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง" (ื›"ื‘,ื™"ื˜). ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš : "ื•ืืœื” ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง" - ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื™ื• ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื” - ื•ืื›ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืคืจืฉื”. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืชืืจืช ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืฉืœ ืจื‘ืงื” ืื™ืžื ื• ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืชื‘: "ืœื ื›ื— ืืฉืชื•" - ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื–ื•ื™ืช ื–ื• ื•ืžืชืคืœืœ, ื•ื–ื• ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื™ืช ื–ื• ื•ืžืชืคืœืœืช. ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขื•ื–ื™ืืœ ืžืคืจืฉ ื›ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ืœืš ืœื”ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื” ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ, ืžืงื•ื ืืฉืจ ืขืงื“ื• ืื‘ื™ื• "ื•ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืชืคื™ืœืชื• ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื’ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืืฉืชื•". ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืชืคื™ืœืชื ื•ื›ืš ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืขืœื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื”: "ื•ื”ื ื” ืชื•ืžื" - ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืชื‘: ื—ืกืจ, ื•ื‘ืชืžืจ ืชืื•ืžื™ื ืžืœื ืœืคื™ ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืื—ื“ ืจืฉืข. ืขืฉื™ื• ืžื›ืจ ืืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจืชื• ื•ื™ืฆื ืฉื‘ืข ืจืฆื•ืŸ : "ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื ึธืชึทืŸ ืœึฐืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ืœึถื—ึถื ื•ึผื ึฐื–ึดื™ื“ ืขึฒื“ึธืฉึดืื™ื ื•ึทื™ึนึผืื›ึทืœ ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึฐืืชึฐึผ ื•ึทื™ึธึผืงึธื ื•ึทื™ึตึผืœึทืšึฐ ื•ึทื™ึดึผื‘ึถื– ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ืึถืช-ื”ึทื‘ึฐึผื›ึนืจึธื”"(ื›"ื”,ืœ"ื“).

ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืขื‘, ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœืจื“ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื‘ื™ื•. ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœื•, ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ื–ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื›ืžื• ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•:"ื’ึผื•ึผืจ ื‘ึธึผืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื–ึนึผืืช ื•ึฐืึถื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืขึดืžึฐึผืšึธ ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึธืจึฒื›ึถืšึธึผ ื›ึดึผื™-ืœึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืึถืชึตึผืŸ ืึถืช-ื›ึธึผืœ-ื”ึธืึฒืจึธืฆึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœ ื•ึทื”ึฒืงึดืžึนืชึดื™ ืึถืช-ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืื‘ึปืขึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื ึดืฉึฐืื‘ึทึผืขึฐืชึดึผื™ ืœึฐืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึธื‘ึดื™ืšึธ: ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐื‘ึตึผื™ืชึดื™ ืึถืช-ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึฐึผื›ื•ึนื›ึฐื‘ึตื™ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ืœึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืึตืช ื›ึธึผืœ-ื”ึธืึฒืจึธืฆึนืช ื”ึธืึตืœ ื•ึฐื”ึดืชึฐื‘ึธึผืจึฒื›ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ื›ึนึผืœ ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึตื™ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ" (ื›"ื•,ื’'-ื“'). ื”ื•ื ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื’ืจืจ ื•ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘"ืžืื” ืฉืขืจื™ื" - ื™ื‘ื•ืœ ืคื™ ืžืื” ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืจืขื™ื :ื•ึทื™ึดึผื–ึฐืจึทืข ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื‘ึธึผืึธืจึถืฅ ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืžึฐืฆึธื ื‘ึทึผืฉึธึผืื ึธื” ื”ึทื”ึดื•ื ืžึตืึธื” ืฉึฐืืขึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึฒื›ึตื”ื•ึผ ื”'" (ื›"ื”).

ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื’ื™ืœ 63 [1] ื”ื•ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื—ืง :"ื•ึฐื™ึดืชึถึผืŸ-ืœึฐืšึธ ื”ึธืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืžึดื˜ึทึผืœ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืžึทื™ึดื ื•ึผืžึดืฉึฐืืžึทื ึตึผื™ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื•ึฐืจึนื‘ ื“ึธึผื’ึธืŸ ื•ึฐืชึดื™ืจืฉื: ื™ึทืขึทื‘ึฐื“ื•ึผืšึธ ืขึทืžึดึผื™ื (ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉึฐืืชึทึผื—ึฒื•ึป) [ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉึฐืืชึทึผื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ] ืœึฐืšึธ ืœึฐืึปืžึดึผื™ื ื”ึฑื•ึตื” ื’ึฐื‘ึดื™ืจ ืœึฐืึทื—ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉึฐืืชึทึผื—ึฒื•ื•ึผ ืœึฐืšึธ ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ืึดืžึถึผืšึธ ืึนืจึฒืจึถื™ืšึธ ืึธืจื•ึผืจ ื•ึผืžึฐื‘ึธืจึฒื›ึถื™ืšึธ ื‘ึธึผืจื•ึผืšึฐ"(ื›"ื–,ื›"ื—-ื›""ื˜). ืจื‘ืงื” ืื™ืžื ื• ืงื•ืจืืช ืœื™ืขืงื‘ "ื•ึทืชึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ืึธื—ึดื™ืšึธ ืžึดืชึฐื ึทื—ึตื ืœึฐืšึธ ืœึฐื”ึธืจึฐื’ึถืšึธ. ื•ึฐืขึทืชึธึผื” ื‘ึฐื ึดื™ ืฉึฐืืžึทืข ื‘ึฐึผืงึนืœึดื™ ื•ึฐืงื•ึผื ื‘ึฐึผืจึทื—-ืœึฐืšึธ ืึถืœ-ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ ืึธื—ึดื™ ื—ึธืจึธื ึธื”. ื•ึฐื™ึธืฉึทืื‘ึฐืชึธึผ ืขึดืžึผื•ึน ื™ึธืžึดื™ื ืึฒื—ึธื“ึดื™ื ืขึทื“ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ-ืชึธึผืฉืื•ึผื‘ ื—ึฒืžึทืช ืึธื—ึดื™ืšึธ. ืžื” ืขึทื“-ืฉืื•ึผื‘ ืึทืฃ-ืึธื—ึดื™ืšึธ ืžึดืžึฐึผืšึธ ื•ึฐืฉึธืื›ึทื— ืึตืช ืึฒืฉึถืืจ-ืขึธืฉึดื‚ื™ืชึธ ืœึผื•ึน ื•ึฐืฉึธืืœึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ ื•ึผืœึฐืงึทื—ึฐืชึดึผื™ืšึธ ืžึดืฉึธึผืื ืœึธืžึธื” ืึถืฉึฐืื›ึทึผืœ ื’ึทึผื-ืฉึฐืื ึตื™ื›ึถื ื™ื•ึนื ืึถื—ึธื“(ื›"ื–, ืž"ื‘-ืž"ื”)

ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ื›-77 ืฉื ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื•: ืžืฉื ืช 2088 ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 40, ื‘ืขืช ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ืขืฉื™ื• ืขื“ ืœื™ืฆื™ืืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื—ืจืŸ ื‘ืŸ 77 . ืกื“ืจ ืจื‘ื” ื›ืชื‘ :"ื ืžืฆื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืืจ ื‘ื—ืจืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืข"ื–". [2]

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื”

ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ื‘ืื”:

  1. ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื™ื“ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื™ื• - ื”ื‘ืฉื•ืจื” :"ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ื”' ืœึธื”ึผ ืฉึฐืื ึตื™ (ื’ึนื™ื™ึดื) [ื’ื•ึนื™ึดื] ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึดื˜ึฐื ึตืšึฐ ื•ึผืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ืœึฐืึปืžึดึผื™ื ืžึดืžึตึผืขึทื™ึดืšึฐ ื™ึดืคึธึผืจึตื“ื•ึผ ื•ึผืœึฐืึนื ืžึดืœึฐืึนื ื™ึถืึฑืžึธืฅ ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ ื™ึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืฆึธืขึดื™ืจ" (ื›"ื”,ื›"ื–).
  2. ื˜ื™ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื - "ื•ึทื™ึดึผื’ึฐื“ึฐึผืœื•ึผ ื”ึทื ึฐึผืขึธืจึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ๏ฟฝึดื™ืฉื ื™ึนื“ึตืขึท ืฆึทื™ึดื“ ืึดื™ืฉื ืฉึธื‚ื“ึถื” ื•ึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืึดื™ืฉื ืชึธึผื ื™ืฉึตืื‘ ืึนื”ึธืœึดื™ื: ื•ึทื™ึถึผืึฑื”ึทื‘ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ืึถืช-ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ื›ึดึผื™-ืฆึทื™ึดื“ ื‘ึฐึผืคึดื™ื• ื•ึฐืจึดื‘ึฐืงึธื” ืึนื”ึถื‘ึถืช ืึถืช-ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘"(ื›"ื–-ื›"ื—)
  3. ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” - "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื”ึดืฉึธึผืื‘ึฐืขึธื” ืœึดึผื™ ื›ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึธึผืื‘ึทืข ืœื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึดึผืžึฐื›ึนึผืจ ืึถืช-ื‘ึฐึผื›ึนืจึธืชื•ึน ืœึฐื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘" (ืœ"ื’)
  4. ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื’ืจืจ - ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ืช :"ื•ึทื™ึฐืฆึทื• ืึฒื‘ึดื™ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึถืช-ื›ึธึผืœ-ื”ึธืขึธื ืœึตืืžึนืจ ื”ึทื ึนึผื’ึตืขึท ื‘ึธึผืึดื™ืฉื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึดืฉึฐืืชึผื•ึน ืžื•ึนืช ื™ื•ึผืžึธืช" (ื›"ื•,ื™"ื“). ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช:"ื•ึทื™ึดึผื’ึฐื“ึทึผืœ ื”ึธืึดื™ืฉื ื•ึทื™ึตึผืœึถืšึฐ ื”ึธืœื•ึนืšึฐ ื•ึฐื’ึธื“ึตืœ ืขึทื“ ื›ึดึผื™-ื’ึธื“ึทืœ ืžึฐืึนื“"(ื™"ื’) ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื—ืคื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ืืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื™ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข:"ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธื ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืฉึดืื‘ึฐืขึธื” ืขึทืœ-ื›ึตึผืŸ ืฉึตืื-ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ื‘ึฐึผืึตืจ ืฉึถืื‘ึทืข ืขึทื“ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื”"(ืœ"ื’)
  5. ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื™ืขืงื‘ - ืจื‘ืงื” ืฉื•ืžืขืช ื•ืžืชื›ื ื ืช:" ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืฉึธืืžึทืขึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช-ืึธื‘ึดื™ืšึธ ืžึฐื“ึทื‘ึตึผืจ ืึถืœ-ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ืึธื—ึดื™ืšึธ ืœึตืืžึนืจ: ื– ื”ึธื‘ึดื™ืึธื” ืœึดึผื™ ืฆึทื™ึดื“ ื•ึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื”-ืœึดื™ ืžึทื˜ึฐืขึทืžึดึผื™ื ื•ึฐืึนื›ึตืœึธื” ื•ึทืึฒื‘ึธืจึถื›ึฐื›ึธื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ืžื•ึนืชึดื™"(ื›"ื–,ื•',ื–'). ื™ืขืงื‘ ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”. ืืš ื’ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”:"ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื›ึดึผืœึธึผื” ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ืœึฐื‘ึธืจึตืšึฐ ืึถืช-ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืึทืšึฐ ื™ึธืฆึนื ื™ึธืฆึธื ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืžึตืึตืช ืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ืึธื‘ึดื™ื• ื•ึฐืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ื‘ึธึผื ืžึดืฆึตึผื™ื“ื•ึน"(ืœ').
  6. ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœืขืฉื™ื• - ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื•:"ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืžึดืฉึฐืืžึทื ึตึผื™ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืžื•ึนืฉึธืื‘ึถืšึธ ื•ึผืžึดื˜ึทึผืœ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืืžึทื™ึดื ืžึตืขึธืœ. ื•ึฐืขึทืœ-ื—ึทืจึฐื‘ึฐึผืšึธ ืชึดื—ึฐื™ึถื” ื•ึฐืึถืช-ืึธื—ึดื™ืšึธ ืชึทึผืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื” ื›ึทึผืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืชึธึผืจึดื™ื“ ื•ึผืคืจืงืชึธึผ ืขึปืœึผื•ึน ืžึตืขึทืœ ืฆึทื•ึธึผืืจึถืšึธ"(ื›"ื–,ืœ"ื˜-ืž')
  7. ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื“ืจื›ื• ื•ืขืฉื• ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื• - ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืžึทืข ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ืึถืœ-ืึธื‘ึดื™ื• ื•ึฐืึถืœ-ืึดืžึผื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึตึผืœึถืšึฐ ืคึทึผื“ึถึผื ึธื” ืึฒืจึธื... ื˜ ื•ึทื™ึตึผืœึถืšึฐ ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ืึถืœ-ื™ึดืฉึฐืืžึธืขึตืืœ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึทึผื— ืึถืช-ืžึทื—ึฒืœึทืช ื‘ึทึผืช-ื™ึดืฉึฐืืžึธืขึตืืœ ื‘ึถึผืŸ-ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืึฒื—ื•ึนืช ื ึฐื‘ึธื™ื•ึนืช ืขึทืœ-ื ึธืฉึธืื™ื• ืœื•ึน ืœึฐืึดืฉึธึผืื”"(ื›"ื—,ื'-ื˜').

ื”ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื‘ืงื”

ืจื‘ืงื” ืืžื ื• ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ ืขืงืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ืชืคื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’. ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื•ืžืจืช: "ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึฐืจึนืฆึฒืฆื•ึผ ื”ึทื‘ึธึผื ึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืงึดืจึฐื‘ึธึผื”ึผ ื•ึทืชึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึดื-ื›ึตึผืŸ ืœึธืžึธึผื” ื–ึถึผื” ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ื•ึทืชึตึผืœึถืšึฐ ืœึดื“ึฐืจืฉื ืึถืช ื”'" (ื›"ื”, ื›"ื‘). ืื™ืฉื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื”ืจื™ื•ื ื” ืคื•ื ื” ืœืขื–ืจื” ื•ืœืกื™ื•ื˜ ืืš ืœื ืžืชืœื•ื ื ืช ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ืžื” ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชืคืœืœื” ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื•.

ื™ืขืœ ืฆื”ืจ ืžื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืชื "ืš ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ ื‘ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืกื‘ื•ืจื”:" ื›ื™ ื”ืจืงืข ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืจื‘ืงื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื”, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืฉื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช,ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื’ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืคืงื™ื“ืชื”. ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจื‘ืงื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื‘ืคืงืคื•ืงื” ืฉืžื ืื™ื ื” ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉื™ืš, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื‘ืช ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ืจืฉืขื™ื."

ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉืฉืช ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืคื•ื ื” ืœืงื‘"ื”. ื”ื•ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉื•ืืœืช: "ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืื ื™, ืฉื‘ืืชื™ ืžืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉืขื™ื, ื•ื”ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืœื“ืช ื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื, ืœืœื“ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉื™ืš ?

ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”' ื”ื™ื: "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ื”' ืœึธื”ึผ ืฉึฐืื ึตื™ (ื’ึนื™ื™ึดื) [ื’ื•ึนื™ึดื] ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึดื˜ึฐื ึตืšึฐ ื•ึผืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ืœึฐืึปืžึดึผื™ื ืžึดืžึตึผืขึทื™ึดืšึฐ ื™ึดืคึธึผืจึตื“ื•ึผ ื•ึผืœึฐืึนื ืžึดืœึฐืึนื ื™ึถืึฑืžึธืฅ ื•ึฐืจึทื‘ ื™ึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืฆึธืขึดื™ืจ" (ื›"ื’). ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืœื ืชื‘ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื” ืœื™ืขื“ื.

ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืจื‘ืงื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื”, ื”ื™ื ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ืžืฉืงืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ื•ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื•:"ื•ึทืชึนึผืืžึถืจ ืœื•ึน ืึดืžึผื•ึน ืขึธืœึทื™ ืงึดืœึฐืœึธืชึฐืšึธ ื‘ึฐึผื ึดื™ ืึทืšึฐ ืฉึฐืืžึทืข ื‘ึฐึผืงึนืœึดื™ ื•ึฐืœึตืšึฐ ืงึทื—-ืœึดื™" (ื›"ื–, ื™"ื“). ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืคืœืช ืขืœื™ . ืžืชืื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืขืœ ื“"ื” "ื•ื™ืขืชืจ ืœื•" - ืœื• ื•ืœื ืœื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ืชืคืœืช ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืŸ ืฆื“ื™ืง ืœืชืคืœืช ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืŸ ืจืฉืข ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœื• ื•ืœื ืœื”:

ืขื ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื” ืœืคืชืจื•ื ื” ื”ื”ืชืœื‘ื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื”.


ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช

"ื•ื™ืืžืจ ื”' ืœื” ืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื ืš ื•ืฉื ื™ ืœืื•ืžื™ื ืžืžืขื™ืš ื™ื™ืคืจื“ื• ื•ืœืื•ื ืžืœืื•ื ื™ืืžืฅ.." (ื›"ื”,ื›"ื’)

ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ, ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื™ื, ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœืขืฉื™ื•, ื›ืžืฉืœ ื•ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช ืœื ืคืฉ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืชื ื™ื:

"ืืš ื”ื ื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืœืื•ื ืžืœืื•ื ื™ืืžืฅ. ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื ืงืจื ืขื™ืจ ืงื˜ื ื”, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืฉื ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืขื™ืจ ืื—ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื›ื‘ืฉื” ื•ืœืžืœื•ืš ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืกืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืžืขืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ื’ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื›ืš ืฉืชื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื™ืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื”ืžื™ืช ืฉืžื”ืงืœื™ืคื” ื ืœื—ืžื•ืช ื–ื• ืขื ื–ื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื›ืœ ืื‘ืจื™ื•..." (ืชื ื™ื, ืœื™ืงื•ื˜ื™ ืืžืจื™ื, ืคืจืง ื˜)

ื•ืœืžื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื ืฆื—?

ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขื•ื ื” ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจ ื”ื–ืงืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื›ื•: "....ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืชืื‘ืงื™ื ื–ื” ืขื ื–ื” ืœื”ืคื™ืœ ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”. ื”ื ื” ืื ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืœื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื™ื ื•ืฆื— ื‘ืงืœ ื•ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจื•, ื›ื›ื” ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื ื™ืฆื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฆืจ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืฆื—ื• ื‘ืขืฆืœื•ืช ื•ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืžืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ื•ื˜ืžื˜ื•ื ื”ืœื‘ ื›ืื‘ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฉื›ืช ืžืฉืžื—ื” ื•ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืœื‘ ื•ื˜ื”ืจืชื• ืžื›ืœ ื ื“ื ื•ื“ ื“ืื’ื” ื•ืขืฆื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื."

ื•ื™ื‘ื– ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”

ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืฉืขืฉื• ืœื ื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื›ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื‘"ื ื–ื™ื“ ืขื“ืฉื™ื". ื”ืคืจืฉืŸ ืจ' ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืŸ ืžืื™ืจ ืึถื‘ึผืŸ ืขื–ืจื (ืจืื‘"ืข) ืžื‘ื™ื ืขืžื“ื” ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช : ื•ื™ื‘ื– ืขืฉื• - " ื’ื ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืื‘ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉืจ. ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ืชืžื”ื• ื›ื™ ืขื–ื‘ ืœื• ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืžื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื•ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ืจืื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื ืขื•ืจื™ื• ื•ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ื ื™ ื‘ื–ืงื•ื ื™ื•?! ื•ื”ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ ืืช ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆืจื›ื•. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ืœื—ื ืจื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•, ืœื ืžื›ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืจืชื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ื–ื™ื“!
ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื™ื• ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื, ืžื” ื˜ืขื ืืžืจ: ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ ืฆื™ื“?!
ื•ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื ื—ืžื•ื“ื•ืช?! ื•ืœืžื” ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืœื• ืืžื• ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ: ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ืœื—ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ?! ื•ืœืžื” ืœื ืฉืœื—ื” ืืœื™ื• ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืื•ืชื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ื”ืฆืืŸ?! ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืฉืืžืจ: ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ืงื•ื“ื ื–ืงื ื•ืชื•.
ื•ืขื•ืจื™ ืœื‘ ื™ื—ืฉื‘ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืžืขืœื” ืœืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื ื” ืืœื™ื”ื• ื™ื•ื›ื™ื—. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉืืœื•: ืœืžื” ื—ืกืจ ื”ืฉื ืžืžื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื—ืง? ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื“ื™ืขื•ื ื• ืœืžื” ื—ืกืจ ืžืื•ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ื•? ื•ืืœ ื™ื“ื—ื•ื ื• ื‘ืงื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืจืฉ. ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื•ื“! ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืœื—ืคืฉ, ื›ื™ ืขืžืงื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ื— ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืื“ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื.

ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœื™ื•: ืืžื ื, "ื‘ื– ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื—ื‘ืœ ืœื•" ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ื’ ื™ื’). ืื‘ืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ืืžืจ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื ืื•ืช ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ื“ื• ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืื‘ื™ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ืžืขืœื” ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืื‘ ื•ืžื” ืชื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื• ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”. ื•ืืžืจ ื•ื™ืื›ืœ ื•ื™ืฉืช ื•ื™ืงื ื•ื™ืœืš ื•ื™ื‘ื– - ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ืฉืื›ืœ ื•ืฉืชื” ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืฉื“ื” ืืœ ืฆื™ื“ื•, ื•ื–ื• ืกื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื–ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื›ืกื™ืœื™ื ืจืง ืฉื™ืื›ืœื• ื•ื™ืฉืชื• ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ื—ืคืฆื ื‘ืขืชื, ื•ืœื ื™ื—ื•ืฉื• ืœื™ื•ื ืžื—ืจ:

ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืฉืชื‘ืฉ (ืœื ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”) ื‘ื›ืืŸ (ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ืœืขื™ืœ) ืžืื“, ืฉืืžืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืจืื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ืŸ ืœืื‘ื™ื•.

ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื“ืขืชื•: ื•ืื ื™ ืชืžื” ืžื™ ืขื•ืจ ืขื™ื ื™ ืฉื›ืœื• ื‘ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ื ื™ื— ืœื• ื”ื•ืŸ ืจื‘, ื•ืื‘ื“ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืžืคื ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ืขื•ืจื™ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื• ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื™ ื’ื“ืœ ืžืื“ ื•ื™ืงื ืื• ื‘ื• ืฉืจื™ ืคืœืฉืชื™ื, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ ื—ื–ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื• ื•ื”ืชืื•ื” ืœืฆื™ื“ ื‘ื ื• ื•ื”ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื—ื•ืง. ื•ืขื•ื“, ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืžืจ (ืœืขื™ืœ ื›ื” ื™ื): ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ื ื•, ื•ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืชื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืขื•ืฉืจ ื•ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื•ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืื™ื” ื‘ืจื›ืชื• ืฉืื‘ื“ ื”ื•ืŸ ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื”ืขื ื™, ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ื• ื’): ื•ืื”ื™ื” ืขืžืš ื•ืื‘ืจื›ืš, ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ื”ืขื ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื›ืŸ. ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจืฉืขื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื ืฉื ืชื‘ืจื›ื• ืžืคื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ื”ื™ื ืชืขืฉื™ืจ ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืฆื‘ ืขืžื” (ืžืฉืœื™ ื™ ื›ื‘):

ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื ื›ืžืœื›ื™ื, ื•ืžืœื›ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ื›ื•ืจืชื™ื ืขืžื”ื ื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ื• ืœื): ื•ื™ืฉื‘ืขื• ืื™ืฉ ืœืื—ื™ื•, ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆื—ืง ืจืข ื”ืžื–ืœ ืžืื‘ื“ ื ื›ืกื™ ืื‘ื™ื•, ืื™ื›ื” ืืžืจื• ืจืื• ืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”' ืขืžืš (ืฉื ื›ื—), ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ื›ืจื™ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืœืขืฉื• ืœืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•" ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžืกื™ืง ืžื›ืืŸื›ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืœื ืื™ื‘ื“ ืืช ืขื•ืฉืจื•.

ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉืขืฉื• ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืš ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ: "ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ืคื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ืžืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ื, ืจืง ืœื ื—ื•ืœ ืžืขืœืช ื”ืื‘ ื•ืฉืจืจืชื•, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื•. ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ืื ื™ ื‘ื ืš ื‘ื›ื•ืจืš (ืœื”ืœืŸ ื›ื– ืœื‘), ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืš, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื™ืžื™ื ืš ืขืœ ืจืืฉื• (ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžื— ื™ื—), ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืžื• ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื˜ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื ื—ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื˜ ื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืžื—ื“ื•ืฉ ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืชื•ืจื”:

ื•ื”ืฆื™ื“ ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืคื™ื• (ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื), ื›ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื• ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื, ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื“ ืžื›ืœ ืžืื›ืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืžื”ื ืฉื™ ืœืžื•ืจื. ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื• ืžื—ื ื™ืฃ ืืช ืื‘ื™ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฆื™ื“ื• ืืœ ืคื™ื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื• ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืชืžื™ื“. ื•ืื”ื‘ืช ื”ืื‘ ืœื‘ื ื• ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจ ืงืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื:

ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ืœื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื• ืื—ืจ ืขืฉื•ืช ืœื• ื”ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืื™ื ื ื• ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื•ืฉื—ื“ ื‘ื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ืจืฆื” ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื ืคืฉื• ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื”ื ืื”, ื•ื™ื‘ืจืš ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ืžืœื ื•ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœื. ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื“ืข ื‘ื ืคืฉื• ื›ื™ ืื—ืจ ื”ืื›ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืชืขื ื’ืช ื•ืฉืžื—ื” ื•ื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื” ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ื•ืขืชื” ืงื—ื• ืœื™ ืžื ื’ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื›ื ื’ืŸ ื”ืžื ื’ืŸ ื•ืชื”ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื™ื“ ื”' (ืž"ื‘ ื’ ื˜ื•):

ื•ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืขืงื‘ ื™ืฆื ืœื—ืจื• ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื›ืœ: "ื•ืœื ื ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื— ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืื—ื™ื• ื™ืฆื ืžืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื‘ื“ื•, ื•ืืœื• ื ืชื ื• ืœื• ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื’ืžืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื• ืงื ืื” ืœืืจื•ื‘ ืœื• ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื•."

ืจื™ื— ื”ืฉื“ื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื›ื• ื”'

ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื• ื‘ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืžืื‘ื™ื•. ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ืฉ ื›ื™ ืขืชื” ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื ื• ืขืฉื• ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืืœื™ื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื‘ึฐึผื ึดื™ ื›ึฐึผืจึตื™ื—ึท ืฉึธื‚ื“ึถื” ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืจืฉื”:"ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ืึธื‘ึดื™ื• ื’ึฐึผืฉึธืื”-ื ึธึผื ื•ึผืฉึฒืืงึธื”-ืœึดึผื™ ื‘ึฐึผื ึดื™. ื•ึทื™ึดึผื’ึทึผืฉื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึทึผืืง-ืœื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึธึผืจึทื— ืึถืช-ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื‘ึฐึผื’ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึฐื‘ึธืจึฒื›ึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืจึฐืึตื” ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื‘ึฐึผื ึดื™ ื›ึฐึผืจึตื™ื—ึท ืฉึธื‚ื“ึถื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึตึผืจึฒื›ื•ึน ื”'.(ื›"ื–,ื›"ื•-ื›"ื–).

ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื‘ืขืœื•ืŸ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžืขื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื•ืขื” ื“ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•. ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช [ืจืฉ"ื™]]: "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืจื™ื—ื• ืจืข ื•ืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื˜ืฃ ืฉืœ ืขื–ื™ื? ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ "ื•ื™ืจื— ืืช ืจื™ื— ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื•"? ืืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื• - ื ื›ื ืก ืขืžื• ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ. ื”ื“ื ื“ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” "ืจืื” ืจื™ื— ื‘ื ื™ ื›ืจื™ื— ืฉื“ื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจื›ื• ื“'". ื•ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ืจื™ื— ื™ืขืงื‘ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ืจืข ื•ื’ื ืืช ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ?

ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ : " ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืจื™ื— ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ. ืžืกืคืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืขืœ ืขืœ ืืœื™ื”ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืงื— ืืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื•ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืœืคืฉื•ื˜ ืืช ื’ืœื™ืžืชื• ื•ืœืžืœื ืื•ืชื” ืขืœื™ื ืžืขืฆื™ ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ. ื›ืฉื™ืฆื ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื•ื” ืžื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืฉืžืข ืงื•ืœ ืฉืื•ืžืจ: "ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืื•ื›ืœ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื•ื”" ? ื–ืจืง ืืช ื”ืขืœื™ื ืžื’ืœื™ืžืชื• ื•ื™ืฆื.(ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื” ืงื™"ื“).

ืžืกืคืจืช ื”ื’ืžืจื ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื’ืœื™ืžืชื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืจื™ื— ื”ืขืœื™ื ื•ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืžื›ืจ ืืช ื’ืœื™ืžืชื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ืืœืฃ ื“ื™ื ืจื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืœืง ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœื—ืชื ื™ื•. ืขื ืจื™ื— ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื›ื–ื• ื ื›ื ืก ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื‘ื™ื ื•. ื•ืจื™ื— ื›ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื›ืœ ืจื™ื— ืจืข ืฉื‘ืขื•ืœื - ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื™ื— ืฉืœ ืขื™ื–ื™ื.

ื•ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ื ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืจื™ื— ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืืช ืจื™ื— ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื–ื”ื• ืžื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ืฉื "ื•ื™ึทึผืจึทึธื— ืึถืช ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื‘ึฐึผื’ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื•ื™ึทื‘ึฐึธืจึฒื›ึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ื™ึทึนึผืืžึถืจ ืจึฐืึตื” ืจึตื™ื—ึท ื‘ึฐึผื ึดื™ ื›ึฐึผืจึตื™ื—ึท ืฉึธื‚ื“ึถื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึตึผืจึฒื›ื•ึน ื“'" ื•ื”ืฉื“ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืฉื›ืš ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื•: ืื‘ืจื”ื ืงืจื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ 'ื”ืจ', ื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืจืื• 'ืฉื“ื”', ื™ืขืงื‘ ืงืจืื• 'ื‘ื™ืช'. ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆื—ืง ืงืจืื• 'ืฉื“ื”'? ืฉื ืืžืจ "ื•ื™ึทึผืฆึตื ื™ืฆึฐึดื—ึธืง ืœึธืฉื‚ื•ึผื—ึท ื‘ึทึผืฉึธึผื‚ื“ึถื” ืœึดืคึฐื ื•ึนืช ืขึธืจึถื‘" ื•ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื• ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืฉื ืชื™ืงืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืชืคื™ืœืช ืžื ื—ื” ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ื ืคื’ืฉ ืืช ืจื‘ืงื” (ืžืกื›ืช ืคืกื—ื™ื ืค"ื—).

ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžืกื›ื ืืช ื“ืจืฉืชื•:"ืœืคื™ ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ : "ื•ื™ืจื—ืืช ืจื™ื— ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื•" - ืืœ ืชืงืจื™ "ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื•" ืืœื "ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื™ื•".()ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื”, ืคืจืฉื” ืก"ื”). ืฉื”ืจื™ื— ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืช ืจื™ื— ื”ื‘ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉื™ืชื ื•ื™ืงื•ื ืื™ืฉ ืฆืจื•ืจื•ืช" ื•ืืžืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืจื™ื— ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ื”ื ื—ื–ืจื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”. ืืช ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ืจืข ื”ื–ื” ื”ืจึดื™ื— ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื‘ื™ืจืš ืืช ื‘ื ื•.

ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื”ืจื™ื— ื”ืจืข ื”ื–ื” ืžืชืขืจื‘ ืขื ืฉืืจ ืกืžืžื ื™ ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช - ื”ื•ื ืžืกืœืง ืืช ืžืœืืš ื”ืžื•ื•ืช ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื.

ืื“ื•ื ื•ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืžืกืคืจืช ืืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™, ืืฉืจ ื‘ื ืžื”ืฆืืฆืื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฉื•. ื›ื‘ืจ ืจื‘ืงื” ืื™ืžื ื• ืžืชื‘ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš:""ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึฐืจึนืฆึฒืฆื•ึผ ื”ึทื‘ึธึผื ึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืงึดืจึฐื‘ึธึผื”ึผ" - ืืœื” ืœื ืกืชื ืชืื•ืžื™ื. ื›ืชื‘ ื—ื ืŸ ื—ืกืŸ ื‘ืขืœื•ื ื• "ืฆื”ืจ ืชืขืฉื” ืœืชื™ื‘ื”": "ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉื•ืืœืช ืืช ืขืฆืžื”, "ื”ืื ืœื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืชืคืœืœืชื™" ? ื•ืื– ื–ื•ื›ื” ืจื‘ืงื” ื•ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื”ืงื‘"ื” : "ืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ื’ื•ึนื™ึดื ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึดื˜ึฐื ึตืšึฐ ื•ึผืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ืœึฐืึปืžึดึผื™ื ืžึดืžึตึผืขึทื™ึดืšึฐ ื™ึดืคึธึผืจึตื“ื•ึผ". ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืื—ื“ ื”ืœื•ืงื” ื‘ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืืฉ ืื•ืžื” ืื—ืจืช.

ื•ื—ืกื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ: ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื”, ืจืืฉื™ืช "ืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ื’ื•ึนื™ึดื ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึดื˜ึฐื ึตืšึฐ", ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช "ื•ึผืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ืœึฐืึปืžึดึผื™ื ืžึดืžึตึผืขึทื™ึดืšึฐ ื™ึดืคึธึผืจึตื“ื•ึผ" ? ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ื ืืžืจ ืœื” ืจืง "ืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ื’ื•ึนื™ึดื ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึดื˜ึฐื ึตืšึฐ", ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉื‘ื‘ื˜ื ื”, ื™ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืชื ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืœืจื•ื—ื• ืœืื—ื“ ืžื”ื. ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ื”ืœึฐืึปืžึดึผื™ื, ื™ึดืคึธึผืจึตื“ื•ึผ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื ื‘ืžืขื™ื” (ื‘ืจื—ืžื”) ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื”.

ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ: "ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืžื™ื•ื—ืกืช ื”ื”ื™ืคืจื“ื•ืช ืœืœึฐืึนื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ? ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืชื”ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื ืงื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืœึฐืึนื". ื”ืžื™ืœื” 'ืึปืžึธึผื”' ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืœืžื™ืœื” 'ืœึฐืึนื', ื ื–ื›ืจืช ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ "ืึตืœึถึผื” ื”ึตื ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐืืžึธืขึตืืœ...ืฉึฐืื ึตื™ื ืขึธืฉึธื‚ืจ ื ึฐืฉึดื‚ื™ืึดื ืœึฐืึปืžึนึผืชึธื". ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืœึฐืึนื" ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื ื• ืžื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืชึฐึผืื•ึนื", ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ. ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” "ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช" ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื ืขืฉืชื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืื ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ืช.

ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจ (=ืงื˜ื•ืจื”), ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ื•ืื—ื™ื•, ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื, ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืœื ื‘ื’ืฉืžื™ ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ืจืง ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื”, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื•ืจืฉ ื•ื”ืžืžืฉื™ืš. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขืช, ื›ื™ ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืจืง ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืŸ ืœึฐืึตื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” (ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื’ื•ื™ื™ืจ ื›ื”ืœื›ื”). ื•ื›ืืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืจืžื–, ืœึฐืึนื = ืœึฐืึตื (ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืœืžื™ืœื” 'ืึตื' ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื 'ืึนื' ื•-'ืึปืžึธึผื”' ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขึทื).

ื•ื—ื ื•ืš ื—ืกื•ืŸ ืžืกื™ื™ื:" ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ื“ ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™, ืฉื™ื ืชืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื•ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื•, ืืœื "ื•ึผืœึฐืึนื ืžึดืœึฐืึนื ื™ึถืึฑืžึธืฅ". ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืฉื˜ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ืœึฐืึปืžึดึผื™ื ื™ื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืืš ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื—ื–"ืœ, ื”ืชื—ื–ืงื•ืชื• ื•ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ืชื‘ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืœืฉื•ืชื• ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ : "ื•ึผืœึฐืึนื (ืื—ื“) ืžึดืœึฐืึนื (ื”ืฉื ื™, ืžืื‘ื“ืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™) ื™ึถืึฑืžึธืฅ (ื™ืชื’ื‘ืจ)". ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ื”ื•ื ืึถื“ื•ึนื, ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืจื•ืžื™ ื•ืืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื™ึทืขึฒืงึนื‘ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช.

ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”'

ื”ืคื˜ืจืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืœืื›ื™ ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืื“ื•ื. ืืš ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ื™ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื ื‘ื ืฆืœ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” :"ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”'" - ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.

ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื•ืืžืจ:"...ื”ึทื›ึนึผื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื‘ึผื•ึนื–ึตื™ ืฉึฐืืžึดื™ ื•ึทืึฒืžึทืจึฐืชึถึผื ื‘ึทึผืžึถึผื” ื‘ึธื–ึดื™ื ื•ึผ ืึถืช-ืฉึฐืืžึถืšึธ"(ื'ื•') ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ื‘ื:"ืžึทื’ึดึผื™ืฉึดืื™ื ืขึทืœ-ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึฐึผื—ึดื™ ืœึถื—ึถื ืžึฐื’ึนืึธืœ ื•ึทืึฒืžึทืจึฐืชึถึผื ื‘ึทึผืžึถึผื” ื’ึตืึทืœึฐื ื•ึผืšึธ ...". ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื”, ืื ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื“ื•ืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื™ืชื. ืžืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ :"ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืกืชืจ ืœื™ื‘ื, ืฉื’ื ื”ื ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื”ืŸ, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืžื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืžื”ื ื”ื ื‘ื™ื".

ื”ื•ื ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื”:ื‘"ืžึทื’ึดึผื™ืฉึดืื™ื ืขึทืœ-ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึฐึผื—ึดื™ ืœึถื—ึถื ืžึฐื’ึนืึธืœ ื•ึทืึฒืžึทืจึฐืชึถึผื ื‘ึทึผืžึถึผื” ื’ึตืึทืœึฐื ื•ึผืšึธ ื‘ึถึผืึฑืžึธืจึฐื›ึถื ืฉึปืืœึฐื—ึทืŸ ื™ึฐื”ึนื•ึธื” ื ึดื‘ึฐื–ึถื” ื”ื•ึผื. ื•ึฐื›ึดื™-ืชึทื’ึดึผืฉืื•ึผืŸ ืขึดื•ึตึผืจ ืœึดื–ึฐื‘ึนึผื—ึท ืึตื™ืŸ ืจึธืข ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึทื’ึดึผื™ืฉืื•ึผ ืคึดึผืกึตึผื—ึท ื•ึฐื—ึนืœึถื” ืึตื™ืŸ ืจึธืข ื”ึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ึตื”ื•ึผ ื ึธื ืœึฐืคึถื—ึธืชึถืšึธ ื”ึฒื™ึดืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธ ืื•ึน ื”ึฒื™ึดืฉึธึผื‚ื ืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืฆึฐื‘ึธืื•ึนืช". ืœืฉืœื™ื˜ ื”ื–ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžืขื™ื–ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื›ื–ื”. ื›ื ืจืื” ืืชื ืœื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”'.

ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ื”ืจื‘ ื ื‘ื ืฆืœ ืžืชื™ื—ืก ืœื—ื’ ื”ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ื–"ืœ ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื ืจ ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ "ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ" (- ื ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช) ื•ืžื“ืจื’ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ "ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ" (- ื ืจ ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ื™ืžื™ื) (ืฉื‘ืช ื›ื:). ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ "ื ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื™ื•ื" ื•ืœืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืฉื” ื ืจื•ืช!. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ืฉ, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืืชืจื•ื’.

ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืจื‘ ื ื‘ื ืฆืœ: "ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืื ื˜ื™ื•ื›ื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืชื“ืœื• ืœื”ื“ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช. ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืžืœืื›ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ. ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ 'ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ' ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”'. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ืœื™ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืจื•ืช ื‘ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืื” ืœื”' - ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช".

ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง

ืœืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื’ื™ืจืกืื•ืช:

  1. ืœืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ :" ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” - ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืฉื‘ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื”ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื” ื ืชื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื” ืจื‘ืงื”, ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื• ื‘ืคืจืง ืžืชื” ืฉืจื”, ื•ืžืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืขื“ ื”ืขืงื™ื“ื” ืฉืžืชื” ืฉืจื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื”, ื•ื‘ืช ืชืฉืขื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง, ื•ื‘ืช ืžืื” ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ื›ืฉืžืชื”, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื›ื’ ื) ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืจื” ื•ื’ื•', ื”ืจื™ ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ืคืจืง ื ื•ืœื“ื” ืจื‘ืงื”, ื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœื” ืขื“ ืฉืชื”ื ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื ืฉืื”: [3].
  2. ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืจื‘ื ืจื‘ื”, ืคืจืงื™ื ื' ื•ื‘': ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืฉื ืืช ืจื‘ืงื” ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื‘ืช ืืจื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื” [4].
ื”ืžืื•ืจืข ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื•ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง
ืœื™ื“ืชื• "ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœืขืจื‘ ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื• ื™ืฆื—ืง ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ืื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกืŸ ื ื•ืœื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง. ืืžืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื, ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ืžืขืจื‘ ืฉืžื—ืชื›ื ืฉืžื—ื” ื‘ืฉืžื—ื”._ืชื ื—ื•ื”ื, ืคืงื•ื“ื™ ,ื') ื’ื™ืจืกืื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช "ื‘ืคืกื— ื ื•ืœื“ ื™ืฆื—ืง" (ืžืกื›ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื™"ื,ื')
ื‘ืจื™ืช ืžื™ืœื” ื›"ื‘ ื ื™ืกืŸ - ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืžื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ื™ืžื™ื
"ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึทืฉื‚ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืžึดืฉึฐืืชึถึผื” ื’ึธื“ื•ึนืœ ื‘ึฐึผื™ื•ึนื ื”ึดื’ึธึผืžึตืœ ืึถืช-ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง" (ื›"ื,ื—') ื‘ื ื’ื‘, ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข :"ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืžื ื—ืžื”: ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื ืžืœื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื’ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข, ื›ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ืœื ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื”ื™ื• ?!" ืื• " ื•ื™ืขืฉ ื”ืžืœืš ืžืฉืชื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื" (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื”, ื "ื’,ื™') "ืœืกื•ืฃ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ื—ื“ืฉ" (ืจืฉ"ื™) ืื• "ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ื™ื’ืžืœ ืจ' ื”ื•ืฉืขื™ื” ืจื‘ื” ืืžืจ ื ื’ืžืœ ืžื™ืฆืจ ื”ืจืข" (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ื "ื’,ื™') - ื‘ืจ-ืžืฆื•ื•ื”
ื”ืขืงื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืง: "ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธื ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื”ึธื ืฉึตืื-ื”ึทืžึธึผืงื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื ื”' ื™ึดืจึฐืึถื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึตืึธืžึตืจ ื”ึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื‘ึฐึผื”ึทืจ ื”' ื™ึตืจึธืึถื”"(ื›"ื‘,ื™"ื“) - ื‘ืคืกื™ืงืชื ืจื‘ืชื™ ื ืืžืจ:" ืžื”ื• ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ื™ื•ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ื”" (ืž'). ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ ืื• ืคืกื— 26 ืฉื ื” ืื• 37 ืฉื ื”
ืœื™ื“ืช ืจื‘ืงื” "ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืฉื‘ื ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื”ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื” ื ืชื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื” ืจื‘ืงื”, ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื”" (ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›"ื”,ื›') 37 ืฉื ื” - ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”
ืžื•ืช ืฉืจื” "ืขืžื“ื” ืœื• ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืจื—ืฉื•ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืฉืจื” ืืžื ื•, ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื” ื‘ื™ืจื— ื–ื”. ืžื•ืขื“ ืื—ืจ ืœืคื˜ื™ืจืชื” ื ื–ื›ืจ ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”(ืžื“ืจืฉ ืืกืชืจ ืคืจืง ื’') 37 ืฉื ื” - ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”
ื ืฉื•ืื™ื• ืขื ืจื‘ืงื” "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ื‘ึถึผืŸ-ืึทืจึฐื‘ึธึผืขึดื™ื ืฉึธืื ึธื” ื‘ึฐึผืงึทื—ึฐืชึผื•ึน ืึถืช-ืจึดื‘ึฐืงึธื” ื‘ึทึผืช-ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึผืึตืœ ื”ึธืึฒืจึทืžึดึผื™ ืžึดืคึทึผื“ึทึผืŸ ืึฒืจึธื ืึฒื—ื•ึนืช ืœึธื‘ึธืŸ ื”ึธืึฒืจึทืžึดึผื™ ืœื•ึน ืœึฐืึดืฉึธึผืื”" ("ื”,ื›') ืจื‘ืงื” ื‘ืช 3 [3] ืจื‘ืงื” ื‘ืช 14 , [4] , ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 40
ืœื™ื“ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืขืฉื• "ืฉื‘ืชืฉืจื™ ื ื•ืœื“ื• ืื‘ื•ืช" (ืžืกื›ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื ื”, ื™"ื,ื)ืจื‘ืงื” ื‘ืช 23 [3] ืจื‘ืงื” ื‘ืช 34 [4] 60 ืฉื ื”
ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ื” "ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื”ื ืขืจื™ื" - ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœื“ืจื›ื• 13
ืžื™ืชืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ื™ืฆื—ืง ื•ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ ืงื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• 75 ืฉื ื”
ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ืื‘ืจื”ื 75 ืฉื ื”
ื‘ืจื›ืช ื”' ืœื™ืฆื—ืง ืื—ืจื™ ืคื˜ื™ืจืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืจื‘ืงื” ื‘ืช 86 [3] ืจื‘ืงื” ื‘ืช 97 [4] 83 ืฉื ื”
ื’ืจืจ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”, ื”ืจื™ื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช 75 - 100 ืฉื ื”
ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ ืขืฉื• "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืขึตืฉึธื‚ื• ื‘ึถึผืŸ-ืึทืจึฐื‘ึธึผืขึดื™ื ืฉึธืื ึธื” ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึทึผื— ืึดืฉึธึผืื” ืึถืช-ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึดื™ืช ื‘ึทึผืช-ื‘ึฐึผืึตืจึดื™ ื”ึทื—ึดืชึดึผื™ ื•ึฐืึถืช-ื‘ึธึผืฉึฐื‚ืžึทืช ื‘ึทึผืช-ืึตื™ืœึนืŸ ื”ึทื—ึดืชึดึผื™"(ื›"ื–,ืœ"ื“) ื•ื”ืจื™ ื ื•ืœื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ 60 100 ืฉื ื”
ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืœื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ืœืขืฉื• "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืงืจื—ื”: ืื ืžื’ื™ืข ืื“ื ืœืคืจืง ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื™ื“ืื’ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืŸ, ื•ื™ืฆื—ืง ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ืžืื” ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœืฉ" (ืจืฉ"ื™,ื›"ื–,ื‘') 123
ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื—ืจืŸ "ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื...ืœืžื“ื ื• ืฉืฉืžืฉ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ืจ ื™"ื“ ืฉื ื” ื›ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืžืื‘ื™ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ื ืืฆืœ ืœื‘ืŸ" ( ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›"ื”,ื™"ื–) - 14 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืขื•ื“ 20 ืฉื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืœื‘ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš 123- 159
ืžื™ืชืช ืจื‘ืงื” ืœืคื™ ื™ื•ื ืคื˜ื™ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื ืงืช ืจื‘ืงื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจื‘ืงื” ืื™ืžื ื•. ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืจื‘ืงื” ืื™ืžื ื• ื ืคื˜ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื 159 ืฉื ื”
ืžื™ืชืช ื™ืฆื—ืง "ื•ึทื™ึดึผื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื™ึดืฆึฐื—ึธืง ืžึฐืึทืช ืฉึธืื ึธื” ื•ึผืฉึฐืืžึนื ึดื™ื ืฉึธืื ึธื”". (ืœ"ื”,ื›"ื—) 180 ืฉื ื” "ื–ืงืŸ ื•ืฉื‘ืข ื™ืžื™ื"

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ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืœื“ื™ื

ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืื•ืžื™ื. ืืš ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื›"ื– (ืคืจืง ื›"ื”) :" ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืขืฉื•" - ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืžื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ื”ื ืžื” ื˜ื™ื‘ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื” ื–ื” ืคื™ืจืฉ ืœื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ืคื™ืจืฉ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื".

ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžืชื’ืœื”:

  • ื”ืื—ื“ - "ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฆื™ื“" - ืœืฆื•ื“ ื•ืœืจืžื•ืช ืืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืคื™ื• ื•ืฉื•ืืœื• ืื‘ื ื”ื™ืืš ืžืขืฉืจื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืœื— ื•ืืช ื”ืชื‘ืŸ ื›ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช. "ืื™ืฉ ืฉื“ื”" - ื›ืžืฉืžืขื• ืื“ื ื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ืฆื•ื“ื” ื‘ืงืฉืชื• ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืคื•ืช
  • ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ - "ืชื" - ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืงื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืืœื ื›ืœื‘ื• ื›ืŸ ืคื™ื• ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืœืจืžื•ืช ืงืจื•ื™ ืชื. "ื™ืฉื‘ ืื”ืœื™ื" - ืื”ืœื• ืฉืœ ืฉื ื•ืื”ืœื• ืฉืœ ืขื‘ืจ.

ื•ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฉืืœื”, ืžื”ื• ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ื•ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉื™ืค ื‘ืื™ื ืœืงืจืืชื ื•:

ืžื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืจื‘ื” ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™: " ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™ ืืžืจ ืžืฉืœ ืœื”ื“ืก ื•ืขืฆื‘ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ื•ื”ืคืจื™ื—ื• ื–ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืจื™ื—ื• ื•ื–ื” ื—ื•ื—ื• ื›ืš ื›ืœ ื™"ื’ ืฉื ื” ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื™"ื’ ืฉื ื” ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื‘ืชื™ ืžื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื‘ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื"ืจ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืื“ื ืœื”ื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ื ื• ืขื“ ื™"ื’ ืฉื ื” ืžื™ื›ืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ืืžืจ ื‘ืจื•ืš ืฉืคื˜ืจื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื–ื”"(ืก"ื’,ื™')

ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ืžืขื˜ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ืกื—:" ื•ื™ื’ื“ืœื• ื”ื ืขืจื™ื (ื‘ืจ' ื›ื” ื›ื–). ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื”ืœื›ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืื™ืŸ. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืžืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื–ื” ื›ืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื”. ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืœื•ื™, ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ืžื™ืŸ. ืœื”ื“ืก ื•ืœืขืฆืžื•ื ื™. ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืžืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื•, ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืืช ืงื•ืฆื™ื• ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ื— ืืช ืจื™ื—ื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘. ื›ืš, ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขืฉื• ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื“ื ืžืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื•, ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืขืฉื• ืื™ืฉ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฆื™ื“ ืื™ืฉ ืฉื“ื” ื•ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื™ืฉ ืชื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืื”ืœื™ื (ืฉื).(ื›ื™ ืชืฆื ื“').

[ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืžืืžืจื•: ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืœ ืขืฉื™ื• ื›ืชื‘ "ื•ื”ืงืฉื• - ื“ืขืช ื–ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช - ืฉืขืฉื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืŸ ื™"ื’ ื›ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”." ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ 173 ืฉื ื”. ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžืช ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 175, ื”ืจื™ ืจืื” ืืช ื ื›ื“ื• ืขืฉื• ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืจืขื”. " ื•ืžืชืจืฆื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื“ื‘' ืฉื ื™ื ืžืจื“ ื‘ืฆื ืขื”, ื•ืœื ืจืื” ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืจืขื”.

ื”ื‘ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ืžื“ื™ื™ืง ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื“ื–"ืœ: "ืฉื ืชื™ื ืžืจื“ ื‘ืฆื ืขื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืชื• ืžืจื“ ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื", ื“ืžืฉืชืžืข ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื• ืฉื–ื” ื’ื•ืคื ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืขื•ื“ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื’ืจื ืœืขืฉื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื–ืงื ื• [5] ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื–ื”ืจ ืฉื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื• ื•ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืขืฉื™ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื™ืฆืจื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื›"ื– ืžืฉืš ื—ื ื•ื›ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืืช ืขืฉื™ื• ืžืฉื"ื› ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืกืชืœืงื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื•ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืื‘ ืฉื”ื™' ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืขืฉื™ื•) ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ืœืžืจื•ื“ ืจืง ื‘ืกืชืจ.

ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืœืŸ ื‘ื“ืคื™ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™:"ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฆื™ื“ - ืœืฆื•ื“ ื•ืœืจืžื•ืช ืืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืคื™ื•, ื•ืฉื•ืืœื• ืื‘ื ื”ื™ืืš ืžืขืฉืจื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืœื— ื•ืืช ื”ืชื‘ืŸ, ื›ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช" (ื›"ื”,ื›"ื–) ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจืžืื™ ื•ืžืชื—ื–ื”. ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ:"ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฆื™ื“ - ืœืขื•ืœื ืžืœื ืžืจืžื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืจืžื” ื™ืชืคืฉื• ".

ื•ืื ื”ื™ื” ืกืคืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ืฆืืŸืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื‘ืื” ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืžืชืืจืช ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืฉื• ืขืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืฉืžืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•:" ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื—ืžืฉ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืจืฉืข ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื" :

  1. ื‘ื ืขืœ ื ืขืจื” ืžืื•ืจืกื” - ืœืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ:"ื‘ื ืขืœ ื ืขืจื” ืžืื•ืจืกื” ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื”) ื•ื™ื‘ื ืขืฉื• ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื“ื” ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชื (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘) ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื“ื” ืžืฆืื” "
  2. ื•ื”ืจื’ ืืช ื”ื ืคืฉ - "ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื ืขื™ืฃ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชื (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื“) ืื•ื™ ื ื ืœื™ ื›ื™ ืขื™ืคื” ื ืคืฉื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื".
  3. ื•ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ - "ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื”) ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืœื™ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื˜ื•) ื–ื” ืืœื™ ื•ืื ื•ื”ื•".
  4. ื•ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื - "ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื”) ื”ื ื” ืื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืžื•ืช".
  5. ื•ืฉื˜ ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื” "ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ (ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื›ื”) ื•ื™ื‘ื– ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื”". (ื˜"ื–,ื‘')

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื

  1. โ†‘ ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ืจื‘ื” - "ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืš ื‘ืŸ ืก"ื’ ืฉื ื”"
  2. โ†‘ ื™ืฉ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช, ืœืžืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืคื˜ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2123 ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืคืจืฉืช ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืจื” ืืš ื’ื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืžื”ื—ืš ืคืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื‘ืขืช ืคืจืฉืช ื ื–ื™ื“ ื”ืขื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ"ื™:"ื”ืœืขื™ื˜ื ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ื ื”ืื“ื - ืขื“ืฉื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืฉืœื ื™ืจืื” ืืช ืขืฉื• ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆื ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืจืขื”... ื•ื‘ื™ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืขื“ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื‘ืœ.
  3. โ†‘ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
  4. โ†‘ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื”
  5. โ†‘ ื•ืจืื” ื’ื ืœืงื•"ืฉ ื—ืœืง ื›' (ืขืž' 114 ื•ื‘ื”ืขืจื” 41)


ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข - ื—ืžืฉืช ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช: ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื ื—, ืœืš ืœืš, ื•ื™ืจื, ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืจื”, ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฆื, ื•ื™ืฉืœื—, ื•ื™ืฉื‘, ืžืงืฅ, ื•ื™ื’ืฉ, ื•ื™ื—ื™

ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช: ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ืืจื, ื‘ื, ื‘ืฉืœื—, ื™ืชืจื•, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืชืจื•ืžื”, ืชืฆื•ื”, ื›ื™ ืชืฉื, ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ, ืคืงื•ื“ื™

ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื: ื•ื™ืงืจื, ืฆื•, ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ืชื–ืจื™ืข, ืžืฆื•ืจืข, ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ืจ, ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ: ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื ืฉื, ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš, ืฉืœื—, ืงืจื—, ื—ืงืช, ื‘ืœืง, ืคื™ื ื—ืก, ืžื˜ื•ืช, ืžืกืขื™

ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ, ืขืงื‘, ืจืื”, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืชืฆื, ื›ึดึผื™-ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื, ื ืฆื‘ื™ื, ื•ื™ืœืš, ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”

ืขืœื•ื ื™ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข