ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•: ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื‘ื“ืฃ

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ย 
ืฉื•ืจื” 63: ืฉื•ืจื” 63:
*ย  ื™"ื“ย  ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” (ื™"ื“): ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืืœื•ื” ื–ื•ืœืชื•, ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืœืš ืคืกืœ, ืœื ืชืฉืชื—ื•ื” ืœื”ื,ย  ื•ืœื ืชืขื‘ื“ื, ืฉืœื ืœืฉื‘ืข ืœืฉื•ื, ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืœื ืชืจืฆื—, ืœื ืชื ืืฃ ืขื ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ, ืœื ืชื’ื ื•ื‘ ื ืคืฉ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืœื ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืฉืงืจ, ืœื ืชื—ืžื•ื“, ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆื•ืจืช ืื“ื ืœื ื•ื™, ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžืื‘ื ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืช ื•ืฉืœื ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—.
*ย  ื™"ื“ย  ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” (ื™"ื“): ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืืœื•ื” ื–ื•ืœืชื•, ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืœืš ืคืกืœ, ืœื ืชืฉืชื—ื•ื” ืœื”ื,ย  ื•ืœื ืชืขื‘ื“ื, ืฉืœื ืœืฉื‘ืข ืœืฉื•ื, ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืœื ืชืจืฆื—, ืœื ืชื ืืฃ ืขื ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ, ืœื ืชื’ื ื•ื‘ ื ืคืฉ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืœื ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืฉืงืจ, ืœื ืชื—ืžื•ื“, ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆื•ืจืช ืื“ื ืœื ื•ื™, ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžืื‘ื ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืช ื•ืฉืœื ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—.
==ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื™ืชืจื•==
==ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื™ืชืจื•==
{{ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘|ืขืจืš=[[ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื™ืชืจื•]]}}
ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื™ืชืจื• ื”ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉื ืขืจื›ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืชื•ื ื™ืกื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•. ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื”:
ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื™ืชืจื• ื”ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉื ืขืจื›ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืชื•ื ื™ืกื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•. ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื”:
* ื™ืฉ ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžื’ืคื” ืงืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ื ื™ืก ื•ืคืกืงื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•.
* ื™ืฉ ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžื’ืคื” ืงืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ื ื™ืก ื•ืคืกืงื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•.

ื’ืจืกื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžึพ10:33, 5 ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2023

ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื• ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช. ืฉืžื” ื‘ื” ืžื™ืชืจื•, ื—ื•ืชืŸ ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•, ื”ื‘ื ืœืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ืคืจืฉื”:"ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืžึทืข ื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึน ื›ึนื”ึตืŸ ืžึดื“ึฐื™ึธืŸ ื—ึนืชึตืŸ ืžืฉึถืื” ืึตืช ื›ึธึผืœ-ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉึธื‚ื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืœึฐืžืฉึถืื” ื•ึผืœึฐื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืขึทืžึผื•ึน ื›ึดึผื™-ื”ื•ึนืฆึดื™ื ื™ึฐื”ื•ึธึนื” ืึถืช-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึดืžึดึผืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื" (ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช, ื™"ื—,ื'). ืขื™ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื•ื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™.

ืžืฉื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžื”ื’ืขืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืจืคื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›"ื’ ืื™ื™ืจ [1] ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื•' ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืช ื‘"ื ืชืž"ื— (2,338) ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื - ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื.

ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืคืจืฉื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืชื—ืœืงืช ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:

  1. ื™ืชืจื• ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืžืฉื” ืœืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ - ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืชื‘ื™ืชืจื• -"ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืžื•ืช ื ืงืจืื• ืœื•: ืจืขื•ืืœ, ื™ืชืจ, ื™ืชืจื•, ื—ื•ื‘ื‘, ื—ื‘ืจ, ืงื™ื ื™, ืคื•ื˜ื™ืืœ...ื™ืชืจ, ืขืœ ืฉื ืฉื™ืชืจ ืคืจืฉื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื” [2] "ื•ึฐืึทืชึธึผื” ืชึถื—ึฑื–ึถื” ืžึดื›ึธึผืœ-ื”ึธืขึธื..."
  2. ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื - 78,600 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ), ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื•:"ืึทื ึฐืฉึตืื™-ื—ึทื™ึดืœ ื™ึดืจึฐืึตื™ ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ืึทื ึฐืฉึตืื™ ืึฑืžึถืช ืฉื‚ื ึฐืึตื™ ื‘ึธืฆึทืข".
  3. ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ื”ืจ - "ื‘ึทึผื—ึนื“ึถืฉื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืœึดื™ืฉึดืื™ ืœึฐืฆึตืืช ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืžึตืึถืจึถืฅ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื–ึถึผื” ื‘ึธึผืื•ึผ ืžึดื“ึฐื‘ึทึผืจ ืกึดื™ื ึธื™. ... ื•ึทื™ึทึผื—ึฒื ื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผืžึดึผื“ึฐื‘ึธึผืจ ื•ึทื™ึดึผื—ึทืŸ-ืฉึธืื ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื ึถื’ึถื“ ื”ึธื”ึธืจ".
  4. ืžืฉื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจ - ื•ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” :"ื•ึฐืึทืชึถึผื ืชึดึผื”ึฐื™ื•ึผ-ืœึดื™ ืžึทืžึฐืœึถื›ึถืช ื›ึนึผื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ืงึธื“ื•ึนืฉื" (ื•)
  5. ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ - ืœื”ืชืงื“ืฉ, ืœื›ื‘ืก ืืช ื”ื‘ื’ื“ื™ื, ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชื—ื•ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœื”ืจ :" ื”ึดืฉึธึผืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืœึธื›ึถื ืขึฒืœื•ึนืช ื‘ึธึผื”ึธืจ ื•ึผื ึฐื’ึนืขึท ื‘ึฐึผืงึธืฆึตื”ื•ึผ ื›ึธึผืœ-ื”ึทื ึนึผื’ึตืขึท ื‘ึธึผื”ึธืจ ืžื•ึนืช ื™ื•ึผืžึธืช. " ื•ื›ืŸ "ืึทืœ-ืชึดึผื’ึฐึผืฉืื•ึผ ืึถืœ-ืึดืฉึธึผืื”".
  6. ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” - ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืฉืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื :"ืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืกื™ื ื™, ืืฃ ืืœื• ืžืกื™ื ื™".
  7. ืžึดื–ึฐื‘ึทึผื— ืึฒื“ึธืžึธื” - ื•ืœื "ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื›ึถืกึถืฃ ื•ึตืืœึนื”ึตื™ ื–ึธื”ึธื‘"

ื”ืื ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”?[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

"ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืžึทืข ื™ึดืชึฐืจื•ึน ื›ึนื”ึตืŸ ืžึดื“ึฐื™ึธืŸ": ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืืช ื™ืชืจื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื” ืฉืžืข ื™ืชืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืœืฆืืช ืœืงืจืืช ืžืฉื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื’ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจื•: "ื•ื™ืฉืžืข- ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืขื” ืฉืžืข ื•ื‘ื? ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืžืœืง ืฉืžืข ื•ื‘ื, ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฆื“ื•, ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข. ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื™ ืื•ืžืจ: ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืžืข ื•ื‘ื". ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ืชืจื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื, ื•ืžื ื’ื“ ืจ' ืืœืขื–ืจ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืชืจื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœ ื›ื™: "ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”".

ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื‏[3] ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื™ืชืจื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืขืฅ ืœืžืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืขื ืืช "ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ืืช ืชื•ืจื•ืชื™ื•" ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื›ื™ ื”ืขื ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื•ื‘ื ื›ื™ ื™ืชืจื• ืžื’ื™ืข "ืืœ ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื"- ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืžื›ืš ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ื”ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชื ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื›ืš ืฉื™ืชืจื• ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ "ืขื•ืœื” ื•ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ืœืืœื•ื”ื™ื" ื•ืœื ื ืฉืžืข ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืœื”ื ืžื–ื‘ื—- ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ื™ ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”‏[4]. ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉื•, ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœื ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ- ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืžืœืง ืฉื ืœื—ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืขื•ืžืชื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจื• ืฉืจืื” ืืช ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืจืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื.

ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ื ื™‏[5] ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžืกื›ื ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืชืจื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืืฃ ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ื’ืจืฉื•ื ื•ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉื” ืฉืœื ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื- "ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื•ืžืจ- ื’ืจืฉื•ื ื•ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืœื ืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”".

ืžื ื’ื“, ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ‏[6] ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืชืจื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืคื ื™ ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื. ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื•ืื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ื”ืจ ืžื›ื•ื ื” "ื”ืจ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื" ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืกื ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื›ืš ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ื™ืชืจื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืคืจืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื“ื—ื• ืืช ื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ืžื›ืš ืฉื™ืชืจื• ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื•ื›ื—ืชื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื•ื ืžื–ื‘ื— ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื™ืืช ื™ืชืจื•- ืžื›ืš ืฉืžืฉื” ื‘ื ื” ืžื–ื‘ื— ืœืื—ืจ ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืžืœืง‏[7].

ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืฆืช ื™ืชืจื•[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืชืจื• ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžื—ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืœื‘ ืœื‘ืขื™ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื”- ืžืฉื” ืขืžื•ืก ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ื•ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ื•ืœื. ื™ืชืจื• ืžื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขืฆื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”- ืฉืžืฉื” ื™ืคื–ืจ ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืžื ื” ืฉืจื™ ืืœืคื™ื ื•ืฉืจื™ ืžืื•ืช, ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื• ืœืฉืคื•ื˜. ื”ืขืฆื” ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืื•ืœ- ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืžืฉื” ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืงื•ื“ื?

ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง ืื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชื—ื™ื™ืชื•, ื’ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉื” ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ ืืœืคื™ื ืชื—ืชื™ื•- ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ืงื•ืœ ื”' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื” ืžืชืืจ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืขื ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• "ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืœื•ืงื™ื" ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืฉื” ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ "ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืขื”ื•" ื•ืžื•ื“ื™ืข ืืช "ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื•ืืช ืชื•ืจื•ืชื™ื•". ื›ืฉืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืืฆืœ ืžืฉื”, ื”ื ืœื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœื™ื• ืจืง ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืืœื ื”ื ื’ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืชื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื™ ื”ืฆื•ื“ืง. ืžืฉื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื”' ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื• "ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืœื•ืงื™ื". ืืš, ื™ืชืจื• ืื•ืžืจ ืœื• ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ืืคืฉืจื™. ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื™ืฉืžืข ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืœืžื“ื• ืžืžืฉื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื•ื™ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื™ืฃ.

ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื•, ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืง ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ืฆื™ื, ืืœื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ื•ื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืœื•ืงื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ, ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืจืง ืœื•ืžื“ ืชื•ืจื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื—ื›ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ืจื”.

ืขืœ ื›ื ืคื™ ื ืฉืจื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘ื˜ืจื ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืชืงืจื‘ ืœื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืžืฆื•ืคื”. ื•ืžืžื—ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื“ืื’ ืœื”ื ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื:"ืึทืชึถึผื ืจึฐืึดื™ืชึถื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉึดื‚ื™ืชึดื™ ืœึฐืžึดืฆึฐืจึธื™ึดื ื•ึธืึถืฉึธึผื‚ื ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืขึทืœ-ื›ึทึผื ึฐืคึตื™ ื ึฐืฉึธืืจึดื™ื ื•ึธืึธื‘ึดื ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืึตืœึธื™" [8].

ื ื—ืžื” ืœื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ืฅ ื‘ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืคืจืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื. ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ [[ืจืฉ"ื™] ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื•:ืขืœ ื›ื ืคื™ ื ืฉืจื™ื - " ื›ื ืฉืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื• ืขืœ ื›ื ืคื™ื•, ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื, ืœืคื™ ืฉืžืชื™ื™ืจืื™ืŸ ืžืขื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ืฉืคื•ืจื— ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ืจื ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ื, ืฉืžื ื™ื–ืจื•ืง ื‘ื• ื—ืฅ, ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ืคื•ืจื— ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื•, ืœื›ืš ื ื•ืชื ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื ืคื™ื•, ืื•ืžืจ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ื™ื›ื ืก ื”ื—ืฅ ื‘ื™, ื•ืœื ื‘ื‘ื ื™. ืืฃ ืื ื™ ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื›ืŸ.[9] ื•ื™ืกืข ืžืœืืš ื”ืืœื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื’ื•'. (ื›') ื•ื™ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื ื” ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื’ื•'. ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆืจื™ื ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ื—ืฆื™ื ื•ืื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ืจืื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื".

ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื‘ืฉืœื— ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื: ื•ื™ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื ื” ืžืฆืจื™ื - ืžืฉืœ ืœืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื•ื‘ื ื• ืžื”ืœืš ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืื• ืœืกื˜ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืชื• ื ื˜ืœื• ืžืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ืื• ื–ืื‘ื™ื ืžืื—ืจื™ื• ื ืชื ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื‘ืื• ืœืกื˜ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ื–ืื‘ื™ื ืžืื—ืจื™ื• ื ืชื ื• ืขืœ ื–ืจื•ืขื• ื•ื ืœื—ื ื‘ื”ื ื›ืš [10] ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืชืจื’ืœืชื™ ืœืืคืจื™ื ืงื—ื ืขืœ ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื•" [11].

ืื•ืชื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•: ื›ื ืฉืจ ื™ืขื™ืจ ืงื ื• - ื ื”ื’ื ื‘ืจื—ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ืžืœื” ื›ื ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ืจื—ืžื ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ื ืก ืœืงื ื• ืคืชืื•ื ืขื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงืฉืงืฉ ื•ืžื˜ืจืฃ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื‘ื›ื ืคื™ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืœืŸ ืœืื™ืœืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื›ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ื•ื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื— ืœืงื‘ืœื•"[12]

ื™ืขื™ืจ ืงื ื• - ื™ืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื ื™ื•:"ืขืœ ื’ื•ื–ืœื™ื• ื™ืจื—ืฃ - ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืขืฆืžื• ืขืœื™ื”ื ืืœื ืžื—ื•ืคืฃ ื ื•ื’ืข ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื’ืข ืืฃ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื“ื™ ืœื ืžืฆืื ื•ื”ื• ืฉื’ื™ื ื›ื— ื›ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื ื’ืœื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืจื•ื— ืื—ืช ืืœื ืžื“' ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ ื”' ืžืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ื ื•ื–ืจื— ืžืฉืขื™ืจ ืœืžื•. ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ืžื”ืจ ืคืืจืŸ. ื•ืืชื” ืžืจื‘ื‘ื•ืช ืงื“ืฉ. ืืœื•ื” ืžืชื™ืžืŸ ื™ื‘ื ื–ื• ืจื•ื— ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช: ื™ืคืจื•ืฉ ื›ื ืคื™ื• ื™ืงื—ื”ื• - ื›ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ื˜ืœืŸ ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ืœืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื• ื›ืฉืืจ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืฉืฉืืจ ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื™ืจืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื ืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืฃ ื•ืคื•ืจื— ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ื•ืฉืืŸ ื‘ืจื’ืœื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื ืฉืจ ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืฉืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ืจื ืืœื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ืฅ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ื•ืฉืืŸ ืขืœ ื›ื ืคื™ื• ืื•ืžืจ ืžื•ื˜ื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื ืก ื”ื—ืฅ ื‘ื™ ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืืฃ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื•ืืฉื ืืชื›ื ืขืœ ื›ื ืคื™ ื ืฉืจื™ื ื›ืฉื ืกืขื• ืžืฆืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื”ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื’ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื–ื•ืจืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ืฆื™ื ื•ืื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ืจืื•ืช ืžื™ื“ ื•ื™ืกืข ืžืœืืš ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ื’ื•' ื•ื™ื‘ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื ื” ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื’ื•':

ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ื‘ืืจ ื•ืืฉื ืืชื›ื ืขืœ ื›ื ืคื™ ื ืฉืจื™ื - "ื“ืจืš ืœื ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื” ืื™ืฉ, ื›ืžื• ื”ื ืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ืœื™ืš ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ื ื”ืื•ื™ืจ, ืืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืœืš ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ืžื™ืŸ ืขื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ, ื•ื–ื” ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืืชื›ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ืขืกืงื™ื”ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื™: ื•ืื‘ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืืœื™. ืืœ ื”ืจ ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื•ืื”" [13]

ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™

ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ื• ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืก ืฉืœ ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™. ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•' ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘"ื ืชืž"ื— (2,448) ืœื‘ืจื™ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื–ื›ื™ืจืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“, ื˜ - ื™): "ื”ืฉืžืจ ืœืš ื•ืฉืžื•ืจ ื ืคืฉืš ืžืื•ื“ ืคืŸ ืชืฉื›ื— ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืจืื• ืขื™ื ื™ืš ื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ืจื• ืžืœื‘ื‘ืš ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ืš ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขืชื ืœื‘ื ื™ืš ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ืš ื™ื•ื ืืฉืจ ืขืžื“ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš ื‘ื—ื•ืจื‘". ื‘ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื (ืื•"ื— ืกื™ืžืŸ ืก ืก"ืง ื‘) ืžื•ื‘ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืงืจื™ืืช ืฉืžืข "ื•ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื—ืจืช" ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื›ื•ืจ ืืช ืžืชืŸ ืชื•ืจื”.

ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช

ืขืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœืงื•ืช (ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช) ืœืฉื ื™ "ื˜ื•ืจื™ื", ื—ืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ "ื˜ื•ืจ". ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ื“ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ [14] :"ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืชื ื• ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช? ื”' ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื–ื” ื•ื”' ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื–ื”."

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืืœื‘ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื [15] :"ืœึฐืžึธื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ืืœืงื™ืช ื”ื ื”ื’ื” ื•ื”ื™ืฉืจื” ืœืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื, ืžื•ืฉืคืขืช ืžื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš, ื”ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืชื•ึนืจึถื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืขืœ ืงืฉืจ ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื-ืœื•ื” ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฆึทื•ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ึผื•ื”... ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืจืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืข ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืคื™ื• ืืช ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ืชื‘ืจืš ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื•ืื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื• ืœื–ื” ื‘ืื• ืฉื ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื“ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืืœื• ื”ืขื ื™ื ื™ื ื ื‘ื“ืšื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื” . ื•ื‘ืื• ื”ื—ืžืฉื” ืžื”ื ืฉื”ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืฉื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื•ื— ืื—ืช, ื•ื”ื—ืžืฉื” ืฉื”ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืœื•ื— ืื—ืจ, ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืฉื ื™ื”ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ืขืช ื”ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™."

ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืขื•ื’ืœืช, ื—ื‘"ื“ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื˜ืขื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืชื, ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื•ืชื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืกื™ื ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขื’ื•ืœื™ื, ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ืขื™ื. ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืžื•ื‘ื "[16] : "ืืจื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉื” ืืžืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืื•ืจื›ื• ื•ืืžื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืจื•ื—ื‘ื• ื•ืืžื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืงื•ืžืชื• ื‘ืืžื” ื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื. ื•ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืื•ืจื›ื ืฉื™ืฉื” ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื•ืขื•ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืื•ืจื›ื• ืฉืœ ืืจื•ืŸ. ื›ืžื” ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ? ืฉื™ืฉื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื•'"."

ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื™ืฉ : ืœืคื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ืœืคืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื

  • ื’' ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” : ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืœื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืืœื•ื”, ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืื‘ ื•ืื.
  • ื™"ื“ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” (ื™"ื“): ืฉืœื ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืืœื•ื” ื–ื•ืœืชื•, ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืœืš ืคืกืœ, ืœื ืชืฉืชื—ื•ื” ืœื”ื, ื•ืœื ืชืขื‘ื“ื, ืฉืœื ืœืฉื‘ืข ืœืฉื•ื, ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืœื ืชืจืฆื—, ืœื ืชื ืืฃ ืขื ืืฉืช ืื™ืฉ, ืœื ืชื’ื ื•ื‘ ื ืคืฉ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืœื ืœื”ืขื™ื“ ืฉืงืจ, ืœื ืชื—ืžื•ื“, ืฉืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆื•ืจืช ืื“ื ืœื ื•ื™, ืฉืœื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื–ื‘ื— ืžืื‘ื ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืช ื•ืฉืœื ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—.

ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื™ืชืจื•[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื™ืชืจื•

ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื™ืชืจื• ื”ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉื ืขืจื›ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืชื•ื ื™ืกื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื” ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•. ื™ืฉื ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื”:

  • ื™ืฉ ื”ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ืกืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœืžื’ืคื” ืงืฉื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ื ื™ืก ื•ืคืกืงื” ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื™ืชืจื•.
  • ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืงืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืœืคืจืฉื” ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ืกืขื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ืกืขื•ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื•ื–ืงื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื‘ืื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžืฉื” ื•ื™ืชืจื•.
  • ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืงืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ ืœืคืจืฉื” ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

  1. โ†‘ ืœืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ืขื•ืœื
  2. โ†‘ ืœื”ืœืŸ ืคืกื•ืง ื›"ื
  3. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื—,ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ืืจื•ืš
  4. โ†‘ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืืœื• ืžื•ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื™ื• ืขืฆืช ื™ืชืจื• ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืžื›ืืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืชืจื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™
  5. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื—,ื›ื–
  6. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื—,ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืชืจื• ืฉืžืข ืืช ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืžืœื—ืžืช ืขืžืœืง
  7. โ†‘ ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื‘"ืŸ
  8. โ†‘ ื™"ื˜, ื“'
  9. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื“ ื™ื˜
  10. โ†‘ ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™ื
  11. โ†‘ ื™'ื“, ื›
  12. โ†‘ ืœื‘, ื™ื
  13. โ†‘ ื™ื˜, ื“
  14. โ†‘ ืžืกื›ืชื ื“ื‘ื—ื“ืฉ ืคืจืฉื” ื—'
  15. โ†‘ ืžืืžืจ ื’ ืคืจืง ื›ื•
  16. โ†‘ ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ื™"ื“, ื'
ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข - ื—ืžืฉืช ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช: ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื ื—, ืœืš ืœืš, ื•ื™ืจื, ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืจื”, ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฆื, ื•ื™ืฉืœื—, ื•ื™ืฉื‘, ืžืงืฅ, ื•ื™ื’ืฉ, ื•ื™ื—ื™

ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช: ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ืืจื, ื‘ื, ื‘ืฉืœื—, ื™ืชืจื•, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืชืจื•ืžื”, ืชืฆื•ื”, ื›ื™ ืชืฉื, ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ, ืคืงื•ื“ื™

ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื: ื•ื™ืงืจื, ืฆื•, ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ืชื–ืจื™ืข, ืžืฆื•ืจืข, ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ืจ, ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ: ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื ืฉื, ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš, ืฉืœื—, ืงืจื—, ื—ืงืช, ื‘ืœืง, ืคื™ื ื—ืก, ืžื˜ื•ืช, ืžืกืขื™

ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ, ืขืงื‘, ืจืื”, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืชืฆื, ื›ึดึผื™-ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื, ื ืฆื‘ื™ื, ื•ื™ืœืš, ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”

ืขืœื•ื ื™ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข

ืื•ื—ื–ืจ ืžืชื•ืš "https://www.yeshiva.org.il/wiki/index.php?title=ืคืจืฉืช_ื™ืชืจื•&oldid=158938"