ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชืฉื

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
(ื”ื•ืคื ื” ืžื”ื“ืฃ ื›ื™ ืชืฉื)
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช. ืฉืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ื”ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” :"ื›ึดึผื™ ืชึดืฉึธึผื‚ื ืึถืช-ืจึนืืฉื ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืœึดืคึฐืงึปื“ึตื™ื”ึถื..." (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ, ื™"ื‘) ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“: ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืกืžื™ื. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืžืชื•ืืจ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื’ืœ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื–ืžื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ืจื“ืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” - ื˜"ื– ืชืžื•ื– - ืขื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื - ื™' ืชืฉืจื™.

ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืืช ืคืจืฉืช ืคืจื”.

ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชืฉื:

  1. ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ - ืœืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœืคืงื•ื“ ืืช ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘:"ื›ืฉืชื—ืคื•ืฅ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืžื ื™ื ื ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ื”ื, ืืœ ืชืžื ื ืœื’ืœื’ื•ืœืช, ืืœื ื™ืชื ื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื•ืชืžื ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืงืœื™ื ื•ืชื“ืข ืžื ื™ื ื". ืžื“ืจืฉ ืชื ื—ื•ืžื ื›ืชื‘:"ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืกืœืข. ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื’ื‘ื™ืช ืืœื ืœื›ืคืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ื™ืŸ." - ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืคืจื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืœืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ืจื‘ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื›ืชื‘:"ื›ื™ ื”ืžื’ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื ืชื ื• ื›ื•ืคืจ ื ืคืฉื.".
  2. ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื›ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช - ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžื” ื›ืœื™ ื–ื” ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื ืคืจื“:". ื’ึทึผื ื–ึถื” ื”ึทื›ึฐึผืœึดื™ ืœื ื”ึปื–ึฐื›ึทึผืจ ืœึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื” ืขึดื ืฉึฐืืึธืจ ื”ึทื›ึตึผืœึดื™ื, ื›ึดึผื™ ืœื ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื”ึทื›ึทึผื•ึธึผื ึธื” ื‘ื• ืœึฐื”ึทืฉึฐืื›ึดึผื™ืŸ ืฉึฐืื›ึดื™ื ึธื” ื‘ึทึผืžึดึผืงึฐื“ึธึผืฉื ื›ึฐึผืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื”ึทื›ึทึผื•ึธึผื ึธื” ื‘ึฐึผืื•ืชึธื ื”ึทื›ึตึผืœึดื™ื, ื›ึทึผืžึฐื‘ืึธืจ ืœึฐืžึทืขึฐืœึธื”, ืึฒื‘ึธืœ ื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ื”ึทื›ึทึผื•ึธึผื ึธื” ืœึฐื”ึธื›ึดื™ืŸ ืึถืช ื”ึทื›ึผื”ึฒื ึดื™ื ืœึทืขึฒื‘ื•ื“ึธืชึธื." - ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
  3. ื”ื›ื ืช ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื—ื” ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืกืžื™ื - ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžื‘ืืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืขื“ ื’ื ืœืžืฉื™ื—ืช ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื:" ืฉื™ืžืฉื— ื‘ื• ืขืชื” ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื•, ื•ืืžืจ "ืฉืžืŸ ืžืฉื—ืช ืงื“ืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืœื™", ืœืžืฉื•ื— ื‘ื• ืžืฉื™ื— ืงื“ืฉื™ ืืฉืจ ืื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื• "ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืชื™ื›ื", ื•ืœื ื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื–ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืœื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืžืฉื—ื• ื‘ื• ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื•ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ื›ื™ ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืžืฉื™ื—ื™ ื”'."
  4. ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ ืžืœืื›ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ - "ื‘ึฐึผืฆึทืœึฐืึตืœ ื‘ึถึผืŸ-ืื•ึผืจึดื™ ื‘ึถืŸ-ื—ื•ึผืจ ืœึฐืžึทื˜ึตึผื” ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื”" ืืฉืจ ื™ื–ื›ื” ืœื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื:"ื•ึธืึฒืžึทืœึตึผื ืึนืชื•ึน ืจื•ึผื—ึท ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึดืชึฐื‘ื•ึผื ึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื“ึทืขึทืช ื•ึผื‘ึฐื›ึธืœ-ืžึฐืœึธืื›ึธื”,ื“ ืœึทื—ึฐืฉึนืื‘ ืžึทื—ึฒืฉึธืื‘ึนืช ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื‘ึทึผื–ึธึผื”ึธื‘ ื•ึผื‘ึทื›ึถึผืกึถืฃ ื•ึผื‘ึทื ึฐึผื—ืฉึถืืช, ื•ึผื‘ึทื—ึฒืจืฉึถืืช ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ืœึฐืžึทืœึนึผืืช ื•ึผื‘ึทื—ึฒืจืฉึถืืช ืขึตืฅ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ื‘ึฐึผื›ึธืœ-ืžึฐืœึธืื›ึธื”" ื•ื™ื—ื“ ืื™ืชื• " ืึธื”ึณืœึดื™ืึธื‘ ื‘ึถึผืŸ-ืึฒื—ึดื™ืกึธืžึธืšึฐ ืœึฐืžึทื˜ึตึผื”-ื“ึธืŸ" ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื "ื•ึผื‘ึฐืœึตื‘ ื›ึธึผืœ-ื—ึฒื›ึทื-ืœึตื‘ ื ึธืชึทืชึดึผื™ ื—ึธื›ึฐืžึธื” ื•ึฐืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืึตืช ื›ึธึผืœ-ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฆึดื•ึดึผื™ืชึดืšึธ" (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ"ื, ื‘'-ื™"ื). ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื’ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื’ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ.
  5. ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื’ืœ - ืžืฉื” ื‘ื•ืฉืฉ ืœืจื“ืช ืžื”ื”ืจ, ื”ืขื ื ืงื”ืœ ืขืœ ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ื”ื˜ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืœืืฉ ื ื–ืžื™ ื–ื”ื‘ ื•ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืขื’ืœ ื™ืฆื•ืง ืžืžืชื›ืช. ืœืžืจืช ื—ื’ื’ื• ื•ืžืฉื” ืฉื•ืžืข ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื”ืงื‘"ื” ื˜ืžื‘ืงืฉ ื›ื™ ื™ืกืœื— ืœืขื:ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”' ืขื ื›ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืคืจืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืื‘ื•ืช. ื”' ืžื ื—ื ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื”. ื”ืขื ื ืขื ืฉ ื•ืžืฉื” ืงื‘ืœ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื™ื.
  6. ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช - ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืืจืฅ ื”ื•ื–ื”ืจื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืคื ื™ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืช "ื”ึดืฉึธึผืืžึถืจ ืœึฐืšึธ ืคึถึผืŸ-ืชึดึผื›ึฐืจึนืช ื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ืช ืœึฐื™ื•ึนืฉึตืื‘ ื”ึธืึธืจึถืฅ", ื ื™ืชื•ื– ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื, ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื—ืœื‘.
  7. ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื”ื”ืจ ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืื—ืจื™ " ืึทืจึฐื‘ึธึผืขึดื™ื ื™ื•ึนื ื•ึฐืึทืจึฐื‘ึธึผืขึดื™ื ืœึทื™ึฐืœึธื”" ื‘ื”ื "ืœึถื—ึถื ืœึนื ืึธื›ึทืœ ื•ึผืžึทื™ึดื ืœึนื ืฉึธืืชึธื”" - "ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืงึธืจึทืŸ ืขื•ึนืจ ืคึธึผื ึธื™ื•". ืžืฉื” ื™ื•ืจื“ ืžืžื”ืจ ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ืืžืจื• ืœื• ื‘ื”ืจ. ื”ื•ื ืœื•ื‘ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืกื•ื•ื” ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื”ืงื‘"ื”.

ืžืคืงื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืงืœ ืžื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืจื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื ืช 67/68. ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ - ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ (ื™ืžื™ืŸ) "ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”". ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™ - ื”ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช "ืฉื‘" ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื "ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœืžืจื“", ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ -"ื—ืฆื™ ื”ืฉืงืœ" - ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืชืจื:cng
ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ

ืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชืฉื ืคื•ืชื—ืช ื‘ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืคืงื“ ืืš ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ "ืฉืื• ืืช ืจืืฉ ื›ืœ ืขื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ..ืชืคืงื“ื• ืื•ืชื ืœืฆื‘ืื•ืชื"[1], ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื›ื™ ืชืฉื" ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืืฉืจ ืชืขืฉื” ืžืคืงื“. ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžืคืงื“ ืืœื ืจืง ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืš.

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชืจื•ืžืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืงื“ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื’ืฃ ื‘ืขื. ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื ืชื ื• ื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืœื—ืฉืฉ ื–ื”:

  • ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืœื˜ ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจืข ื•ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื—ืœืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืืช ืžื—ืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
  • ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ื›ืœืœ ืฉ"ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉื•ืจื” ืืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืžื•ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืขื™ืŸ"[2]. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืืฉื•ืจื•- ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื™ืกื™ื ื ืกืชืจื™ื ืืœื ืจืง ืœื ื™ืกื™ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื–ื•ื›ื”.
  • ื”ืžืœื‘ื™"ื ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขื ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื›ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“- ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ืœืฉืžื™ืจื”, ืืš ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืคืจื™ื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•- ื”ืจื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื• ื•ืื– ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื‘ื• ื”ื ื’ืฃ.
  • ืฉื“"ืœ ืžืคืจืฉ ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื“ื ืžื•ื ื” ืืช ื›ืกืคื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉืื ื ื•ืช ื•ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขืชื™ื“ ืืฃ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืจืข, ื•ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืจืฆืชื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•, ืฉืžืจื—ื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืžื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ืฆื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ืœื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื ืคืฉื•ืชื ื›ืš ืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉืžืขืชื” ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžื ื•ืช ืœืœื ื—ืฉืฉ.

ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื‘ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืคืงื“ ืขืชื™ื“ื™, ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืคืงื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืจืง ื‘ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™. ื‘ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืฉืื•ืœ. ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืžื ื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ, ืืœื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืœื ืืžืฆืขื™. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ืขื ืขืžืœืง[3], ืฉืื•ืœ ืžื ื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื‘ื˜ืœืื™ื, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื ื” ืืช ื”ืขื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืขืžื•ืŸ ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉืคืงื“ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืืš ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ื™ืคืงื“ื ื‘ื‘ื–ืง" ื”ื™ื ืฉืคืงื“ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืจื™ ื—ืจืกื™ื ืื• ื‘ืื‘ื ื™ื. ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ, ืืœื ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืคืงื“ ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš. ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”' ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžืคืงื“, ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ. ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื“ื•ื“ ืžื ื” ืืช ื”ืขื[4] ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฆื•ืจืš ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืžื ื” ืืช ื”ืขื ื“ืจืš ืืžืฆืขื™, ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฆื•ืจืš ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื” ื”ืขื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ[5].

ื”ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉืœืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช- ืžื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžื’ื™ืคื”, ืืœื ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื’ืื•ื•ื” ื•ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืชืช ืืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ื›ืชืจื•ืžื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœืขื ืืช ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ืœืขื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ืœ ื›ื–ื”. ื•ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ, ืฉื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื™ืชื” ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืขื ื”ืœืš ืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืข ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืจื™ ื•ื‘ื’ื“ ื‘ื“ื•ื“, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื’ื™ืคื” ื’ื ืœื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืขื™ืจ ื“ื•ื“, ื‘ื” ืœื ืชืžื›ื• ื‘ื‘ื’ื™ื“ื”.

ื›ื™ื•ืจ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉืช[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื“ื’ื ื”ื›ื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื”
ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ื›ื™ื•ืจ


ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืŸ ื ืฆื˜ื•ื•ื” ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื•ืจ(ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ, ื™"ื—- ื›"ื). ืฆื•ืจืชื” - ืจืฉ"ื™ ื›ืชื‘:"ื›ืžื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื•ืœื” ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืจื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื”ื ืžื™ื" ื•ื›ื ื• - ื›ืชืจื’ื•ืžื•: ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื” - ืžื•ืฉื‘ ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ืžื™ืงื•ืžื• - ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึธึผ ืึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึตึผื™ืŸ-ืึนื”ึถืœ ืžื•ึนืขึตื“ ื•ึผื‘ึตื™ืŸ ื”ึทืžึดึผื–ึฐื‘ึตึผื—ึท ืชื›ื•ืœืชื• - ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึธึผ ืฉึธืืžึธึผื” ืžึธื™ึดื: ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• - ื•ึฐืจึธื—ึฒืฆื•ึผ ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ ื•ึผื‘ึธื ึธื™ื• ืžึดืžึถึผื ึผื•ึผ ืึถืช-ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐืึถืช-ืจึทื’ึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื: ืจืขื‘"ืข ื›ืชื‘:"ื”ื˜ืขื ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ืžื™ื. ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื•ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ื”ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื•ื›ืžื•ื”ื• ืจื‘ื™ื." ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื• - ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึนืึธื ืึถืœ-ืึนื”ึถืœ ืžื•ึนืขึตื“ ื™ึดืจึฐื—ึฒืฆื•ึผ-ืžึทื™ึดื ืื–ื”ืจื” - ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธืžึปืชื•ึผ ืื•ึน ื‘ึฐื’ึดืฉึฐืืชึธึผื ืึถืœ-ื”ึทืžึดึผื–ึฐื‘ึตึผื—ึท ืœึฐืฉึธืืจึตืช ืœึฐื”ึทืงึฐื˜ึดื™ืจ ืึดืฉึถึผืื” ืœึทื”': ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืžืžืฆื” - ื•ึฐืจึธื—ึฒืฆื•ึผ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐืจึทื’ึฐืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึธืžึปืชื•ึผ ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึฐืชึธื” ืœึธื”ึถื ื—ึธืง-ืขื•ึนืœึธื ืœื•ึน ื•ึผืœึฐื–ึทืจึฐืขื•ึน ืœึฐื“ึนืจึนืชึธื:

ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื—ื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื—ื” ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ


ื‘ืคืจืฉื” ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื—ื”:" ื•ึฐืึทืชึธึผื” ืงึทื—-ืœึฐืšึธ ื‘ึฐึผืฉึธื‚ืžึดื™ื ืจึนืืฉื ืžึธืจ-ื“ึฐึผืจื•ึนืจ ื—ึฒืžึตืฉื ืžึตืื•ึนืช ื•ึฐืงึดื ึฐึผืžึธืŸ-ื‘ึถึผืฉึถื‚ื ืžึทื—ึฒืฆึดื™ืชื•ึน ื—ึฒืžึดืฉึดึผืื™ื ื•ึผืžึธืืชึธื™ึดื ื•ึผืงึฐื ึตื”-ื‘ึนืฉึถื‚ื ื—ึฒืžึดืฉึดึผืื™ื ื•ึผืžึธืืชึธื™ึดื. ื•ึฐืงึดื“ึธึผื” ื—ึฒืžึตืฉื ืžึตืื•ึนืช ื‘ึฐึผืฉึถืืงึถืœ ื”ึทืงึนึผื“ึถืฉื ื•ึฐืฉึถืืžึถืŸ ื–ึทื™ึดืช ื”ึดื™ืŸ. ื•ึฐืขึธืฉึดื‚ื™ืชึธ ืึนืชื•ึน ืฉึถืืžึถืŸ ืžึดืฉึฐืื—ึทืช-ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืจึนืงึทื— ืžึดืจึฐืงึทื—ึทืช ืžึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื” ืจึนืงึตื—ึท ืฉึถืืžึถืŸ ืžึดืฉึฐืื—ึทืช-ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื” [6]

ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื—ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืืจื‘ืขื” ืกืžืžื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ืคื™ื ืจื™ื— ื•ื‘ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื—ื”. ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื—ื” ื”ื ืžื•ืจ, ืงื™ื“ื”, ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืฉื ื•ืงื ื” ื‘ื•ืฉื[7].

ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืกืžื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืกืžื™ื

ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ื”ื•ืงืจื‘ื” ื‘ื’ื’ ืžื–ื‘ื— ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ ืื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช. ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื›ื ืชื” ื ืืžืจ :(ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ, ืœ"ื“-ืœ"ื—)"ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึถืœ-ืžืฉึถืื” ืงึทื—-ืœึฐืšึธ -

  • ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื - ืกึทืžึดึผื™ื ื ึธื˜ึธืฃ ื•ึผืฉึฐืื—ึตืœึถืช ื•ึฐื—ึถืœึฐื‘ึฐึผื ึธื” ืกึทืžึดึผื™ื ื•ึผืœึฐื‘ึนื ึธื” ื–ึทื›ึธึผื” ื‘ึทึผื“ ื‘ึฐึผื‘ึทื“ ื™ึดื”ึฐื™ึถื”"
  • ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื›ื ืชื” - ื•ึฐืขึธืฉึดื‚ื™ืชึธ ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืงึฐื˜ึนืจึถืช ืจึนืงึทื— ืžึทืขึฒืฉึตื‚ื” ืจื•ึนืงึตื—ึท ืžึฐืžึปืœึธึผื— ื˜ึธื”ื•ึนืจ ืงึนื“ึถืฉื"
  • ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื” - "ื•ึฐืฉึธืื—ึทืงึฐืชึธึผ ืžึดืžึถึผื ึธึผื” ื”ึธื“ึตืง "
  • ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” - "ื•ึฐื ึธืชึทืชึธึผื” ืžึดืžึถึผื ึธึผื” ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึปืช ื‘ึฐึผืึนื”ึถืœ ืžื•ึนืขึตื“ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืึดื•ึธึผืขึตื“ ืœึฐืšึธ ืฉึธืืžึธึผื” ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืงึธื“ึธืฉึดืื™ื ืชึดึผื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึธื›ึถื:
  • ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื—ืจ - ื•ึฐื”ึทืงึฐึผื˜ึนืจึถืช ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืชึทึผืขึฒืฉึถื‚ื” ื‘ึฐึผืžึทืชึฐื›ึปึผื ึฐืชึธึผื”ึผ ืœึนื ืชึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืœึธื›ึถื ืงึนื“ึถืฉื ืชึดึผื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืœึฐืšึธ ืœึทื”':
  • ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื•ื”ื” - " ืึดื™ืฉื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ-ื™ึทืขึฒืฉึถื‚ื” ื›ึธืžื•ึนื”ึธ ืœึฐื”ึธืจึดื™ื—ึท ื‘ึธึผื”ึผ ื•ึฐื ึดื›ึฐืจึทืช ืžึตืขึทืžึธึผื™ื•:

ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืชืื•ืจ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”: ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืกืžื™ื ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื•ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ื›ื™ืœื” 368 ืžื ื™ื (ื›-177 ืง"ื’) . ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื˜ื™ืจื™ื ืžืžื ื” ืžื ื” (480 ื’ืจื), ืžืชื•ืš 368 ื”ืžื ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ืœื” ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ืกืžื™ื. ื”ืžื ื” ื—ื•ืœืง ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื˜ืจื•ืช, ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืžื ื” ื”ื•ืงื˜ืจ ื‘ื‘ืงืจ ื•ืžื—ืฆื™ืชื• ื‘ืขืจื‘. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืœืฉื ื” ื ืฆืจื›ื• 365 ืžื ื™ื ื›ืžื ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื”. ืืช 3 ื”ืžื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื—ืง ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื "ื“ืงื” ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืงื”", ืขื“ ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื”ื ืžืœื ื—ื•ืคื ื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืจื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื. (ื”ื ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื "ืžื•ืชืจ ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช").

ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงื“ื•ืฉ (ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื–ืจื”), ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ.

ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื•ืจื›ื‘ื” ืžืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืฉืžืฉืงืœื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ 368 ืžื ื”. (ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ืœื” ื”ืงื˜ื•ืจืช: ื ื˜ืฃ, ืฉื—ืœืช, ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื” (ืจื™ื—ื” ืจืข), ื•ืœื‘ื•ื ื” - ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืงืœ 70 ืžื ื”. ืžื•ืจ, ืงืฆื™ืขื”, ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื ืจื“ ื•ื›ืจื›ื•ื โ€“ ืžื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืงืœ 16 ืžื ื”. ืงื•ืฉื˜ โ€“ 12 ืžื ื”. ืงื™ื ืžื•ืŸ โ€“ 9 ืžื ื”. ืงื™ืœื•ืคื” โ€“ 3 ืžื ื™ื. ืžืฉืงืœ ื›ื•ืœื 368 ืžื ื” โ€“ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื•:) ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืžืœื— ืกื“ื•ืžื™ืช โ€“ ืจื•ื‘ืข ืงื‘ (6 ื‘ืฆื™ื), ื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ โ€“ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื (ืžืขื˜) , ืžืขืœื” ืขืฉืŸ (ืกื•ื’ ืขืฉื‘ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืขืฉืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชืžืจ ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช) โ€“ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื (ืžืขื˜).

ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื’ืœ[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื’ืœ


ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื” ื‘ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ื ืขืžื“ ืœืจื“ืช ืืœ ื”ืขื ืขื ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ:"ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึตึผืŸ ืึถืœ-ืžืฉึถืื” ื›ึฐึผื›ึทืœึนึผืชื•ึน ืœึฐื“ึทื‘ึตึผืจ ืึดืชึผื•ึน ื‘ึฐึผื”ึทืจ ืกึดื™ื ึทื™ ืฉึฐืื ึตื™ ืœึปื—ึนืช ื”ึธืขึตื“ึปืช ืœึปื—ึนืช ืึถื‘ึถืŸ ื›ึฐึผืชึปื‘ึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืึถืฆึฐื‘ึทึผืข ืึฑืœึนื”ึดื™ื"(ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ"ื, ื™"ื—). ื”ืคืจืง ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืคืจืฉื”, ืคืจืง ืœ"ื‘ ืžืชืืจ ืœื ื• ืžื” ืงืจื”:

  • ื•ึทื™ึทึผืจึฐื ื”ึธืขึธื ื›ึดึผื™-ื‘ืฉึตืืฉื ืžืฉึถืื” ืœึธืจึถื“ึถืช ืžึดืŸ-ื”ึธื”ึธืจ - ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืขื ืกื‘ืจ ื›ืŸ ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช
    • ืกื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช - "ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืขืœื” ืžืฉื” ืœื”ืจ ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืœืกื•ืฃ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืฉ ืฉืขื•ืช. ื›ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื, ืฉืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืฉืขืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœื”ื ืฉืœื™ืžื™ื, ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื™ืœื• ืขืžื•, ื•ื™ื•ื ืขืœื™ื™ืชื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ืœื• ืขืžื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœื”, ื ืžืฆื ื™ื•ื ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ืชืžื•ื–" - ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื
    • ื•ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื-ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช - "ื‘ืฉืฉื” ืขืฉืจ ื‘ื ื”ืฉื˜ืŸ ื•ืขืจื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ื”ืจืื” ื“ืžื•ืช ื—ืฉืš ื•ืืคื™ืœื” ื•ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืช ืžืฉื”, ืœื›ืš ื‘ื ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื."
  • ื‘ืงืฉื• ื›ื™ ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื ืืœื•ืงื™ื - ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ืจื“ ื•"ืœึนื ื™ึธื“ึทืขึฐื ื•ึผ ืžึถื”-ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœื•ึน".
  • ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื–ื ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื–ื”ื‘" - ืžืืช "ื ึฐืฉึตืื™ื›ึถื ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึนืชึตื™ื›ึถื" ื•ืื›ืŸ "ื›ึธึผืœ-ื”ึธืขึธื" - ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ.
  • ืžื”ืžื–ื”ื‘ ื ื•ืฆืจ "ืขึตื’ึถืœ ืžึทืกึตึผื›ึธื”" - ื•ืื”ืจื•ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืข ื—ื’ ืœืžื—ืจืช.
  • ื—ื’ - ื”ืขื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ื•"ื•ึทื™ึตึผืฉึถืื‘ ื”ึธืขึธื ืœึถืึฑื›ึนืœ ื•ึฐืฉึธืืชื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึธึผืงึปืžื•ึผ ืœึฐืฆึทื—ึตืง"
  • ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืžื—ืœื™ื˜:"ื•ึฐื™ึดื—ึทืจ-ืึทืคึดึผื™ ื‘ึธื”ึถื ื•ึทืึฒื›ึทืœึตึผื ื•ึฐืึถืขึฑืฉึถื‚ื” ืื•ึนืชึฐืšึธ (ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•) ืœึฐื’ื•ึนื™ ื’ึธึผื“ื•ึนืœ"
  • ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉื” -
    • ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืกืœื™ื—ื” "ื•ึทื™ึดึผื ึธึผื—ึถื ื”'ึทืœ-ื”ึธืจึธืขึธื” ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื“ึดึผื‘ึถึผืจ ืœึทืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ึนืช ืœึฐืขึทืžึผื•ึน"
    • ืฉื•ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช, ืฉื•ืจืฃ ืืช ื”ืขื’ืœ, ื–ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื, "ื•ึทื™ึทึผืฉึฐืืง ืึถืช-ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ".
    • ืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื™ ื•ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืื•ืชื :" ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐื’ื•ึผ ืึดื™ืฉื-ืึถืช-ืึธื—ึดื™ื• ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืึถืช-ืจึตืขึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึฐืึดื™ืฉื ืึถืช-ืงึฐืจึนื‘ื•ึน" . ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ:"ืขึดื‘ึฐืจื•ึผ ื•ึธืฉืื•ึผื‘ื•ึผ ืžึดืฉึทึผืืขึทืจ ืœึธืฉึทืืขึทืจ. ืœึฐื›ึทืคึตึผืจ ืขึทืœ ื”ึทื‘ึดึผืœึฐืชึดึผื™ ื—ื•ื˜ึฐืึดื™ื ืฉึถืืœึผื ืžึดื—ื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผื—ื•ื˜ึฐืึดื™ื, ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืฉึถืื›ึฐึผืžื• ืฉึถืืœึผื ืžึดื—ื•ึผ ื‘ึทึผื—ื•ื˜ึฐืึดื™ื ื›ึตึผืŸ ืœื ื™ึฐืžึทื—ื•ึผ ื‘ึฐึผื”ื•ืจึฐื’ึตื™ื”ึถื" - ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื’ื ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ื ืขื ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืžื™ื—ื”
  • ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ:
    • "ื•ึทื™ึดึผื’ึนึผืฃ ื”'ึถืช-ื”ึธืขึธื ืขึทืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ืึถืช-ื”ึธืขึตื’ึถืœ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืฉึธื‚ื” ืึทื”ึฒืจึนืŸ" -
    • "ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึฐื ึทืฆึฐึผืœื•ึผ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืช-ืขึถื“ึฐื™ึธื ืžึตื”ึทืจ ื—ื•ึนืจึตื‘" -
    • ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ื’ืœื” ืœืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื•.
    • "ื•ึทื™ึดึผืคึฐืกึนืœ ืฉึฐืื ึตื™-ืœึปื—ึนืช ืึฒื‘ึธื ึดื™ื ื›ึธึผืจึดืืฉึนืื ึดื™ื" - ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื.

ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืชืœื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœื” : ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจื• ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™  ? ื”ื™ื• ืฉืกื‘ืจื• ื›ื™ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืœื•ืชื ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื‘ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื. ื”ืขื ืฉื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืžืฉื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื• ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช, ืžืฆืื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืžืคืชื™ืข ืžืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœื ืคืฉื. ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื ื›ื• ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช, ื ืคืœ ื”ืขื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืœืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืขืฉืชื•ื ื•ืช. ื—ื–"ืœ ืจื•ืžื–ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœืกื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื ืขืจื•ืช ื’ืžื•ืจื” ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.

ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœื›ื ื•ืช ืืช ืขื’ืœ ื”ื–ื”ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจ "ืืœื” ืืœื”ื™ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ!" ืื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื:

ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉื ื‘ืคื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:

"ื•ื“ื™ ื–ื”ื‘ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื, ื) - ืืžืจื™ ื“ื‘ื™ ืจ' ื™ื ืื™ ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืžืฉื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ืจื‘ืฉ"ืข! ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉื”ืฉืคืขืช ืœื”ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื“ ืฉืืžืจื• ื“ื™, ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื ืฉื™ืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืขื’ืœ...ื"ืจ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืžืฉืœ ืœืื“ื ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื‘ืŸ, ื”ืจื—ื™ืฆื• ื•ืกื›ื• ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืœื• ื•ื”ืฉืงื”ื• ื•ืชืœื” ืœื• ื›ื™ืก ืขืœ ืฆื•ืืจื• ื•ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืขืœ ืคืชื— ืฉืœ ื–ื•ื ื•ืช, ืžื” ื™ืขืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ื˜ื?" (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘.)

ืขื•ื“ ืืžืจื•: "ืœืžื” ื”' ื™ื—ืจื” ืืคืš ื‘ืขืžืš ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื - ืžื” ืจืื” ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืืœื ืืžืจ ืžืฉื”, ืจื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื! ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื•ืชื ืœื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื˜ืœืื™ื?...ื”ื ื—ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ืฉืขื‘ื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ืš ืืœื ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ืœืื™ื ื•ืœืžื“ื• ืžื”ื ื‘ื ื™ืš ื•ืืฃ ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืขื’ืœ, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืžืจ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื“ืข ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืื•ืชื." [8]

ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืขื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืขืฆืžื•: "ื›ืฉืงื‘ืœื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืž' ื™ื•ื ืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ื-ืœื”ื™ื”ื ื•ืืžืจื• ืœืื”ืจืŸ, ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืช ืืœื”ื™ื”ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ืจืจื™ืŸ ื•ืžื–ืžืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื• ื•ืจื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ื”ื, ืขืฉื” ืœื”ื• ืืœื”ื™ื ื›ืืœื”ื™ ืžืฆืจื™ื ื•ื ืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื ื™ื ื•." [9]

ื”ืจื‘ ืืœื™ืงื™ื ืงืจื•ืžื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืจืฉืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ื”ื•ื™ืจื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจ ืขืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ื•ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื˜ื™ืขื•ื ื™ื ืืœื”, ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื - ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืžืฉื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ืคืชืื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ืœื-ืฆืคื•ื™, ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืืจื•ืš ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช.

ืืš ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉืงืคื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืขื, ืฉื—ืฉ ืขืฆืžื• ื ืขื–ื‘ ื‘ื”ืขื“ืจ ืžื•ืจื• ื•ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื•. ืœืคื™ ื“ื™ืขื” ืื—ืช, ืžืฉื ื•ื›ื—ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืชื• ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื ืขืœื”, ื•ืฉื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ืขื” ืœืงื™ืฆื” - ื—ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช. ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืฉืงืคื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื“ื•ืงื ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ืžื•ืคืœื’, ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืžื›ืœื™ื”ื. ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ืืœื ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ืจืกืŸ ื•ื”ืชืคืจืงื•ืช.

ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืืžืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื: ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœืกื ื™ื’ื•ืจื™ื, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” - "ื—ื˜ื ืงื˜ืŸ"? ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื ื”ืขื’ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™:"ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ [10], ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉ"ื”ืขืžื™ื ื›ื•ืœื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช...ืœื ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืื– ื”ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ืชื•ืจื” ืื ืœื ื ืงืฉืจื” ื‘ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื• ืขื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ื—ืฉืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืืœื™ื”." ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื”ืขื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”, "ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื ืฆืจืš ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื ื ืขื‘ื“ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื• ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ืืš ื’ื ืืœื ื›ื—ื• ื‘ื-ืœื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆื™ืื ืžืืจืฅ ืžืฆืจื™ื, ื”ื ื‘ืงืฉื• ืจืง ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืชื ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืขื‘ื“ ืžื•ื—ืฉ ืืœื™ื• ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืžื•ื– ืžื“ื™ ืกืคืจื ืืช ื ืคืœืื•ืช ื-ืœื”ื™ื”ื". ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื”ืขื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื ืคืฉื™ ืœื—ืคืฅ ืžื•ื—ืฉ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื• ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืœื”'.

ื•ืžืกื›ื:"ืฉืชื™ ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืื—ืช - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”' ื–ืงื•ืงื” ืœืžืชื•ื•ื›ื™ื. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืื—ื“, ื”ืื“ื ื˜ื•ืขื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื“ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชืจ ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื• ืœืื“ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ืžืฆื“ ืžืขืœื”, ื•ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื, ื—ืœื™ืœื”, ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื•ืจื ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”, ืœืœื ืชื™ื•ื•ื›ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื.

ื–ื• ื•ื–ื• - ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”. ืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืคืฉืข ืฉืœ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช. ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžืขื˜ืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื›ื•ืคืจืช ื‘ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื•. ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื›ื•ืคืจืช ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื‘"ื”. ืฉื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื–ืืช ืžืชื‘ื˜ืืช ื’ื“ื•ืœืชื•, ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉ"ืžืจื•ื ื•ืงื“ื•ืฉ ืืฉื›ื•ืŸ", ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื” "ื•ืืช ื“ื›ื ื•ืฉืคืœ ืจื•ื—".

ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื™[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“. ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ืžื•ืฆื ืจืžื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืคืกื•ืง ืื—ื“ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœ"ื‘, ื›"ื˜):

  1. ืžึดืœึฐืื•ึผ ื™ึถื“ึฐื›ึถื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ื ืœึทื”'. ื”ึทืงึฐื ื•ึผ ืฉึฐืืœึตืžื•ึผืช ืœึฐื™ึถื“ึฐื›ึถื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ื ืฉึถืืชึดึผื”ึฐื™ึถื™ื ึธื” ืžื•ึผื›ึธื ื•ืช ืœึฐืขึธื‘ึฐื“ื• ื‘ึฐึผืžึดืงึฐื“ึธึผืฉืื•.
  2. ื›ึดึผื™ ืึดื™ืฉื ื‘ึดึผื‘ึฐื ื• ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึธื—ึดื™ื•. ื›ึดึผื™ ื›ึธึผืœ ืึถื—ึธื“ ืžึดื›ึถึผื ื›ึฐึผื‘ึธืจ ื”ึปืงึฐื“ึทึผืฉื ืœึทื”': "ื‘ึดึผื‘ึฐื ื•", ื‘ึฐึผืขึดื ึฐื™ึทืŸ ื”ึทืžึดึผื™ืœึธื” ืฉึถืืขึฒืฉึดื‚ื™ืชึถื ื‘ึทึผืžึดึผื“ึฐื‘ึธึผืจ, "ื•ึผื‘ึฐืึธื—ึดื™ื•", ื‘ึทึผื”ึฒืจึดื™ื’ึทืช ื”ึทื™ึผื•ื, ื•ึฐืœึธื›ึตืŸ "ืžึดืœึฐืื•ึผ ื™ึถื“ึฐื›ึถื" ื‘ึฐึผื˜ื•ึผื‘ ื”ึทื›ึทึผื•ึธึผื ึธื” ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึฐืืœึดื™ืžื•ึผ ื”ึฒื›ึธื ึทืชึฐื›ึถื ืœึทื”' ืœึทืขึฒื‘ื•ื“ึธืชื•.
  3. ื•ึฐืœึธืชึตืช ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ื ื‘ึฐึผืจึธื›ึธื” - ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ืช ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• - . ื•ึผืžึดืœึฐืื•ึผ ื™ึถื“ึฐื›ึถื ื’ึทึผื ื›ึตึผืŸ ื‘ึฐึผืืคึถืŸ ืฉึถืื™ึดึผืชึตึผืŸ ื”ึทืฉึตึผืื ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึธึผืจึทืšึฐ "ืขึฒืœึตื™ื›ึถื ื”ึทื™ึผื•ื ื‘ึฐึผืจึธื›ึธื”", ื•ึฐื–ึถื” ืฉึถืืชึดึผื”ึฐื™ึถื” ืžึฐื’ึทืžึทึผืช ืคึฐึผื ึตื™ื›ึถื ืœึดืฉึฐืืžืจ ืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜ื• ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืชื•, ื›ึฐึผืึธืžึฐืจื• "ื›ึดึผื™ ืฉึธืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืึดืžึฐืจึธืชึถืšึธ ื•ึผื‘ึฐืจึดื™ืชึฐืšึธ ื™ึดื ึฐืฆืจื•ึผ. ื™ื•ืจื•ึผ ืžึดืฉึฐืืคึธึผื˜ึถื™ืšึธ.. ื‘ึธึผืจึตืšึฐ ื”' ื—ึตื™ืœื• ื•ึผืคืขึทืœ ื™ึธื“ึธื™ื• ืชึดึผืจึฐืฆึถื”" [11] .

ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ:" ื”ึทืžึฐืขึทื˜ ืžึดื›ึถึผื ื›ึดึผื™-ื”ึดื‘ึฐื“ึดึผื™ืœ ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืžึตืขึฒื“ึทืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ืœึฐื”ึทืงึฐืจึดื™ื‘ ืึถืชึฐื›ึถื ืึตืœึธื™ื• ืœึทืขึฒื‘ึนื“ ืึถืช-ืขึฒื‘ึนื“ึทืช ืžึดืฉึฐืื›ึทึผืŸ ื”' ื•ึฐืœึทืขึฒืžึนื“ ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึธืขึตื“ึธื” ืœึฐืฉึธืืจึฐืชึธื"(ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜"ื–, ื˜). ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื˜ ืืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ "ื›ื™ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืœื•ื™ ื ืชืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื”, ื›ืฉื ืฉื—ืœืœื•ื”ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืคืจื”ืกื™ื”, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื›'"ื•ืœื ืชื—ืœืœื• ืืช ืฉื ืงื“ืฉื™ ื•ื ืงื“ืฉืชื™" - ืœืœืžื“ืš ืฉืขื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœื•ืœ ื”' ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ืคืจ ื‘ืฉื ื’ื“ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื"

ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื’ืœ ื ืฉื›ื— ?[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืžืฆืื ื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ :"ื•ึทืชึนึผืืžึถืจ ืฆึดื™ึผื•ึนืŸ ืขึฒื–ึธื‘ึทื ึดื™ ื”' ื•ึทืื“ึนื ึธื™ ืฉึฐืื›ึตื—ึธื ึดื™. ื”ึฒืชึดืฉึฐืื›ึทึผื— ืึดืฉึธึผืื” ืขื•ึผืœึธื”ึผ ืžึตืจึทื—ึตื ื‘ึถึผืŸ-ื‘ึดึผื˜ึฐื ึธื”ึผ ื’ึทึผื-ืึตืœึถึผื” ืชึดืฉึฐืื›ึทึผื—ึฐื ึธื” ื•ึฐืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืœึนื ืึถืฉึฐืื›ึธึผื—ึตืšึฐ:" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืž"ื˜, ื™"ื“-ื˜"ื•). ืœืžื” ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ?

ืžืกื›ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ืฉ: ืืžืจื” ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื! ืื“ื ื ื•ืฉื ืืฉื” ืขืœ ืืฉืชื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื” - ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”; ืืชื” ืขื–ื‘ืชื ื™ ื•ืฉื›ื—ืชื ื™ ?

ืืžืจ ืœื” ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ื‘ืชื™! ื™"ื‘ ืžื–ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจืืชื™ ื‘ืจืงื™ืข, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžื–ืœ ื•ืžื–ืœ ื‘ืจืืชื™ ืœื• ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื—ื™ืœ (ืจืืฉื™ ื’ื™ื™ืกื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช), ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ืœ ื•ื—ื™ืœ ื‘ืจืืชื™ ืœื• ืฉืœืฉื™ื ืœื’ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืชื™ ืœื• ืฉืœืฉื™ื ืจื”ื˜ื•ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืจื”ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืจื”ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืชื™ ืœื• ืฉืœืฉื™ื ืงืจื˜ื•ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืงืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ืงืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืชื™ ืœื• ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื’ืกื˜ืจื (ืœื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืงืจื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื’ืกื˜ืจื - ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจืจื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ, ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื’ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื“ื•ื›ืก ื•ืคื—ื”), ื•ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื’ืกื˜ืจื ื•ื’ืกื˜ืจื ืชืœื™ืชื™ ื‘ื• ืฉืœืฉ ืžืื•ืช ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉื” ืืœืคื™ ืจื‘ื•ื ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื”, ื•ื›ื•ืœืŸ ืœื ื‘ืจืืชื™ ืืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš, ื•ืืช ืืžืจืช ืขื–ื‘ืชื ื™ ื•ืฉื›ื—ืชื ื™ !?

ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืœืขื™ืœ "ื”ืชืฉื›ื— ืืฉื” ืขื•ึผืœื” [ืžืจื—ื ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื ื” ื’ื ืืœื” ืชืฉื›ื—ื ื” ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืœื ืืฉื›ื—ืš]": ืืžืจ ื”ืงื‘"ื”: ื›ืœื•ื ืืฉื›ื— ืขื•ืœื•ืช (ืขื•ึผืœื” - ื›ืžื• ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช) ืื™ืœื™ื ื•ืคื˜ืจื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ! ืืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื•: ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื! ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื›ื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš, ืฉืžื ืœื ืชืฉื›ื— ืœื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื’ืœ? ืืžืจ ืœื”: 'ื’ื ืืœื” ืชืฉื›ื—ื ื”'; ืืžืจื” ืœืคื ื™ื•: ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื! ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืกื ื›ื‘ื•ื“ืš, ืฉืžื ืชืฉื›ื— ืœื™ ืžืขืฉื” ืกื™ื ื™?

ืืžืจ ืœื” 'ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืœื ืืฉื›ื—ืš'!ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืื•ืฉืขื™ื: ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ 'ื’ื ืืœื” ืชืฉื›ื—ื ื”' - ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื’ืœ (ืฉืืžืจื• ืืœื” ืืœื”ื™ืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ [12]  ; 'ื•ืื ื›ื™ ืœื ืืฉื›ื—ืš' - ื–ื” ืžืขืฉื” ืกื™ื ื™ (ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• ืื ื›ื™ ื”' ืืœื”ื™ืš [13] .[14]

ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ "ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช" ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื (ืฉืžื•ืช ื›"ื’, ื) ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืฉืชื ื• (ืฉืžื•ืช ืœ"ื“, ื). [15]

  • ื”ืžืœืืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘:"ื”ึดื ึตึผื” ืึธื ึนื›ึดื™ ืฉึนืืœึตื—ึท ืžึทืœึฐืึธืšึฐ, ืœึฐืคึธื ึถื™ืšึธ, ืœึดืฉึฐืืžึธืจึฐืšึธ, ื‘ึทึผื“ึธึผืจึถืšึฐ; ื•ึฐืœึทื”ึฒื‘ึดื™ืึฒืšึธ, ืึถืœ-ื”ึทืžึธึผืงื•ึนื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื”ึฒื›ึดื ึนืชึดื™" (ื›').
  • ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืœื”ืฉืžื“ืช ืฉื‘ืขืช ืขืžื™ ื›ื ืขืŸ ื ืฉืืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืงืคื”, ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ - ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘:"ื•ึฐื”ึดื›ึฐื—ึทื“ึฐืชึดึผื™ื•" ื•ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” :"ื”ึดื ึฐื ึดื™ ื’ึนืจึตืฉื ืžึดืคึธึผื ึถื™ืšึธ" (ื™"ื)
  • ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ื‘ื ื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื”.
  • ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ ืžืกื›ื” ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืœืš - "ืฉืœื ื™ืขืฉื• ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื’ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืชื™ื™ืจ ืœืคื ื™ื”ื". ืจื‘ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืกืคื•ืจื ื• ืžืคืจื˜ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–ื” ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ืคืชื•ืช ืืœื™ื•:"ืึฑืœื”ึตื™ ืžึทืกึตึผื›ึธื”. ื”ึตื ื”ึทื˜ึทึผืœึดึผืกึฐืžึธืื•ืช ื”ึทื ึทึผืขึฒืฉื‚ื•ืช ื‘ึฐึผืฉึธืืขื•ืช ื™ึฐื“ื•ึผืขื•ืช ื‘ึฐึผื—ึดื‘ึผื•ึผืจ ื›ึผื•ื›ึธื‘ึดื™ื ืžึธื”, ื•ึฐืœึธื–ึถื” ืขื•ืฉึดื‚ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชึธืŸ ืขึทืœ ื™ึฐื“ึตื™ ื”ึดืชึผื•ึผืšึฐ, ืœึฐืžึทืขึทืŸ ื™ึตืขึธืฉื‚ื•ึผ ื›ึธึผืœ ื—ึถืœึฐืงึตื™ ืื•ืชึธืŸ ื”ึทืฆึผื•ึผืจื•ืช ื™ึทื—ึฐื“ึธึผื• ื‘ึฐึผืื•ืชื• ืจึถื’ึทืข, ื•ึผื‘ึธื ื™ึทื—ึฐืฉึฐืื‘ื•ึผ ืขื•ืฉึตื‚ื™ื”ึถื ืœึฐื”ึทืฉึดึผื‚ื™ื’ ืงึดื ึฐื™ึธื ึดื™ื ื•ึฐืฆึธืจึฐื›ึตื™ ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึผืคื•ืช. ื•ึฐืื•ึผืœึทื™ ื™ึทื—ึฐืฉืื‘ ื”ึทื—ื•ืฉึตืื‘ ืฉึถืืึตื™ืŸ ื–ึถื” ืžึถืจึถื“ ื‘ึธึผืึตืœ ื™ึดืชึฐื‘ึธึผืจึทืšึฐ ื›ึฐึผืฉึถืืœึผื ื™ึฐืงึทื‘ึฐึผืœึตื”ื•ึผ ื”ึธืขื•ื‘ึตื“ ืขึธืœึธื™ื• ื›ึถึผืึฑืœื•ื”ึทึผ, ื•ึฐื”ื•ึผื ืึธืžึฐื ึธื ื”ึตืคึถืšึฐ ืจึฐืฆื•ื ื•, ื›ึดึผื™ ื—ึธืคึตืฅ ืฉึถืืœึผื ื™ึดืคึฐื ื•ึผ ืขื•ื‘ึฐื“ึธื™ื• ืœึฐืขึตื–ึถืจ ืึฑืœื•ื”ึทึผ ื–ื•ึผืœึธืชื•, ื›ึฐึผืึธืžึฐืจื• "ื•ึทืึฒื ึทื—ึฐื ื•ึผ ืœื ื ึตื“ึทืข ืžึทื” ื ึทึผืขึฒืฉึถื‚ื” ื›ึดึผื™ ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ืขึตื™ื ึตื™ื ื•ึผ" [16] .
  • ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœื ืžื•ื‘ื ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื›ื” ืฉืชื—ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืขื-ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” :"ื•ึฐืฉึทืืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช-ื’ึฐึผื‘ึปืœึฐืšึธ, ืžึดื™ึทึผื-ืกื•ึผืฃ ื•ึฐืขึทื“-ื™ึธื ืคึฐึผืœึดืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ื, ื•ึผืžึดืžึดึผื“ึฐื‘ึธึผืจ, ืขึทื“-ื”ึทื ึธึผื”ึธืจ".
  • ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืžื•ื‘ืืช ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืชื•ืช.
  • ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื—ื–ืจื” ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื™ืœื”.
  • ืžื•ื‘ื ื’ื ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืคื˜ืจ ืจื—ื.
  • ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ืžืฉื›ืŸ, ืœืงืจืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชื•.
  • ื›ืŸ ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืจื’ืš ืชื•ืš ื”ื“ื’ืฉื”:" ื›ึดึผื™-ืื•ึนืจึดื™ืฉื ื’ึผื•ึนื™ึดื ืžึดืคึธึผื ึถื™ืšึธ, ื•ึฐื”ึดืจึฐื—ึทื‘ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช-ื’ึฐึผื‘ึปืœึถืšึธ; ื•ึฐืœึนื-ื™ึทื—ึฐืžึนื“ ืึดื™ืฉื, ืึถืช-ืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธ, ื‘ึทึผืขึฒืœึนืชึฐืšึธ ืœึตืจึธืื•ึนืช ืึถืช-ืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึธื” ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ, ืฉึธืืœึนืฉื ืคึฐึผืขึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผืฉึธึผืื ึธื”"

ื”ื”ืคื˜ืจื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืคืจืฉืช ืคืจื” ื ืกืžื›ืช ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœืคืจืฉืช ื›ื™ ืชืฉื . ืคืจืฉืช ืคืจื”, ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืคืจื” ืื“ื•ืžื” ื”ืžื˜ื”ืจืช ืืช ื˜ืžืื™ ื”ืžืช ืžื˜ื•ืžืืชื. ืขื™ืชื•ื™ ืงืจื™ืืชื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืจื’ืœ ื•ื”ืงืจื‘ืช ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืคืกื—, ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื ื™ืกืŸ ื”ืงืจื‘, ื•ื‘ืงืจื™ืืชื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœืขื ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœื›ืš ื‘ื”ื™ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื˜ืžืื ื•. ื”ืคื˜ืจืช ืคืจืฉืช ืคืจื” ืœืงื•ื—ื” ืžืกืคืจ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืœ"ื•, ื˜,ื–) ื•ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื˜ื”ืจืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ืื•ืœืช ื”ืขื ื•ืฉื™ื‘ืชื• ืœืืจืฆื•.

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]


ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข - ื—ืžืฉืช ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื”

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช: ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื ื—, ืœืš ืœืš, ื•ื™ืจื, ื—ื™ื™ ืฉืจื”, ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฆื, ื•ื™ืฉืœื—, ื•ื™ืฉื‘, ืžืงืฅ, ื•ื™ื’ืฉ, ื•ื™ื—ื™

ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช: ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ืืจื, ื‘ื, ื‘ืฉืœื—, ื™ืชืจื•, ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืชืจื•ืžื”, ืชืฆื•ื”, ื›ื™ ืชืฉื, ื•ื™ืงื”ืœ, ืคืงื•ื“ื™

ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื: ื•ื™ืงืจื, ืฆื•, ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ืชื–ืจื™ืข, ืžืฆื•ืจืข, ืื—ืจื™ ืžื•ืช, ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ื, ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ืจ, ื‘ื—ื•ืงื•ืชื™

ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ: ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ, ื ืฉื, ื‘ื”ืขืœื•ืชืš, ืฉืœื—, ืงืจื—, ื—ืงืช, ื‘ืœืง, ืคื™ื ื—ืก, ืžื˜ื•ืช, ืžืกืขื™

ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ืืชื—ื ืŸ, ืขืงื‘, ืจืื”, ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื›ื™ ืชืฆื, ื›ึดึผื™-ืชึธื‘ื•ึนื, ื ืฆื‘ื™ื, ื•ื™ืœืš, ื”ืื–ื™ื ื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื›ื”

ืขืœื•ื ื™ ืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข


ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

  1. โ†‘ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื,ื‘
  2. โ†‘ ืžื•ื‘ื ื’ื ื‘ื’ืžืจื ืชืขื ื™ืช ื—,ื‘
  3. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื ื˜ื•,ื“
  4. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื›ื“,ื’
  5. โ†‘ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ- ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืžื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืœื ื—ืกืจื•, ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจืš- ื—ืกืจื•, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื“ื•ื“
  6. โ†‘ ืœ', ื›"ื’- ื›"ื”
  7. โ†‘ ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื“ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื“ืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ ืœืคืจืฉืช ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืจ-ืื™ืœืŸ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืืžืจื• ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื—ื” :
  8. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืžื’/ื—
  9. โ†‘ ืคืจืงื™ ื“ืจ"ื
  10. โ†‘ ืžืืžืจ ื, ืฆื–
  11. โ†‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’, ื˜-ื™ื
  12. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื‘,ื“
  13. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ื›,ื‘
  14. โ†‘ ืœ"ื‘, ื‘'
  15. โ†‘ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืื™ืจ ื”ืก ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื
  16. โ†‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ ื›, ื™ื‘
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