ื ืฆืจื•ืช

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื“ืช ืฉื ื•ืกื“ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื•[[(ื™ืฉ"ื• ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™)ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉื ื™. ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ื”ื ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ื›ืžืคื•ืฆืœืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ื”ืื‘ ื”ื‘ืŸ ื•ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื’ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืืœื•ืงื™ื. ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœื• ืืช ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•. ืขืงื‘ ืืžื•ื ืชื, ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”.

ื›ืคื™ืจืชื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืจื

ืขื™ืงืจ[1] ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื ืชื” ืฉ"ื ื’ืฉืžื” ื”ืืœื”ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื—ื ื‘ืชื•ืœื”... ื•ื™ืœื“ื” ืื•ืชื• ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื ืจืื” ืืœื”ึดื™ ื”ื ืกืชืจ, ื ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ื ืจืื”, ืืœื•ื” ืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ื ืกืชืจ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ื ืงืจื ื‘ืŸ ืืœื”ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ืื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ..." (ื—ื›ื ืžื—ื›ืžื™ ืื“ื•ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™ ืžืืžืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื•ืช ื“).

ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”'. ืœื˜ืขื ืชื ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื”ืชื’ืœืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช ืื‘ืœ ืžืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“. ื”ืื‘ ื”ื•ื ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื‘ืŸ (ื™ืฉื•) ื”ื•ื ื”ื”ืชื’ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื’ืฉืžื™. ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœืืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืœืฉื” ืคื ื™ื, ืจืฆื•ืŸ,ืžืขืฉื” ื•ืฉื›ืœ. ืข"ืค ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคืฆืœื• ืœืคื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื›ืคื™ืจื”. ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืžืžืฉ ืื• ืจืง ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ[2].


ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืคื•ืกืง ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช[3] ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”[4] (ืค"ื˜ ืžื”ืœ' ืข"ื– ื”"ื“[5], ืคื™"ื ืžื”ืœ' ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ืกื•ืฃ ื”"ื–[6]; - ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ืฆื•ื–ืจื•[7]), ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืืœื•ื”.

ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื” ืจืง ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื ืืœ ืื—ืจ[8], ืืœื ืฉื”ื ื’ื ืžื’ืฉื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื-ืœื”ื™ื ื•[9] ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืจ 'ื‘ืŸ' (ืฉื•"ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื—"ื’ ืจืก"ื™ ืฉื™ื–, ืขืž' ืฉื ื, ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจ"ื; ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืงืžื– ืก"ืง ื’).

ืงื™ืœืงื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื˜ื•ืขื ืช ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื•ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ื ืžืกืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืชื "ืš, ืืœื ืฉื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”ื™ื ืžืืก ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืขื ืื—ืจ.

ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš(ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืงื•ืจ), ืฉื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ื ืกืชืจืช ืžืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื "ืš ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืืœื•ืงื™ื ื›ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขื ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืžืืก ื‘ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื ืฆื˜ื˜ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช:

  • "ื•ึฐืึทืฃ ื’ึทึผื ื–ึนืืช ื‘ึดึผื”ึฐื™ื•ึนืชึธื ื‘ึฐึผืึถืจึถืฅ ืึนื™ึฐื‘ึตื™ื”ึถื ืœึนื ืžึฐืึทืกึฐืชึดึผื™ื ื•ึฐืœึนื ื’ึฐืขึทืœึฐืชึดึผื™ื ืœึฐื›ึทืœึนึผืชึธื ืœึฐื”ึธืคึตืจ ื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึดืชึธึผื ื›ึดึผื™ ืึฒื ึดื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื”ึถื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื•, ืžื“).
  • "ื•ึทืึฒื ึดื™ ื–ึนืืช ื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืื•ึนืชึธื ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืจื•ึผื—ึดื™ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืขึธืœึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึผื“ึฐื‘ึธืจึทื™ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืฉึทื‚ืžึฐืชึดึผื™ ื‘ึฐึผืคึดื™ืšึธ ืœึนื ื™ึธืžื•ึผืฉืื•ึผ ืžึดืคึดึผื™ืšึธ ื•ึผืžึดืคึดึผื™ ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ื•ึผืžึดืคึดึผื™ ื–ึถืจึทืข ื–ึทืจึฐืขึฒืšึธ ืึธืžึทืจ ื”' ืžึตืขึทืชึธึผื” ื•ึฐืขึทื“ ืขื•ึนืœึธื" (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื˜, ื›ื).
  • "...ืœึนื ืึธืคึตืจ ื‘ึฐึผืจึดื™ืชึดื™ ืึดืชึฐึผื›ึถื ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื" (ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื‘, ื).
  • "ื•ึฐืึตืจึทืฉึฐื‚ืชึดึผื™ืšึฐ ืœึดื™ ืœึฐืขื•ึนืœึธื..." (ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘, ื›ื).

ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืœื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ

ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ (ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” ื”:) ืžืกื•ืคืจ:

ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื”ื•ื” ืงืื™ ื‘ื™ ืงื™ืกืจ. ืื—ื•ื™ ืœื™ื” ื”ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ื[10]: 'ืขืžื ื“ืื”ื“ืจื™ื ื”ื• ืžืจื™ื” ืœืืคื™ื” ืžื™ื ื™ื”'. ืื—ื•ื™ ืœื™ื”: 'ื™ื“ื• ื ื˜ื•ื™ื” [ืœื”ื’ืŸ (ืจืฉ"ื™)] ืขืœื™ื ื•'.
ืืžืจ ืœื™ื” ืงื™ืกืจ ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข: ืžืื™ ืื—ื•ื™ ืœืš? - ืขืžื ื“ืื”ื“ืจื™ื ื”ื• ืžืจื™ื” ืœืืคื™ื” ืžื™ื ื™ื”, ื•ืื ื ืžื—ื•ื™ื ื ืœื™ื”: ื™ื“ื• ื ื˜ื•ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื•. ืืžืจื• ืœื™ื” ืœื”ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ื: ืžืื™ ืื—ื•ื™ื™ืช ืœื™ื”? - ืขืžื ื“ืื”ื“ืจื™ื ื”ื• ืžืจื™ื” ืžื™ื ื™ื”. - ื•ืžืื™ ืื—ื•ื™ ืœืš? - ืœื ื™ื“ืขื ื. ืืžืจื•: ื’ื‘ืจื ื“ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžืื™ ืžื—ื•ื• ืœื™ื”, ื‘ืžื—ื•ื’ ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืงืžื™ ืžืœื›ื? ืืคืงื•ื”ื• ื•ืงื˜ืœื•ื”ื•.
ื”ืกื‘ืจ: ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงื™ืกืจ. ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื• ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืŸ: 'ืขื ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื• ืคื ื™ื• ืžืžื ื•'. ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื• ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข: 'ื™ื“ื• ื ื˜ื•ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื•'.
ืืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืงื™ืกืจ ืœืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข: 'ืžื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืš ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืŸ?' - ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข: 'ืขื ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื• ืคื ื™ื• ืžืžื ื•, ื•ืื ื™ ืกื™ืžื ืชื™ ืœื•: ื™ื“ื• ื ื˜ื•ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื ื•'. ืืžืจื• ืœื• ืœืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืŸ: 'ืžื” ืกื™ืžื ืช ืœื•?' ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืŸ: 'ืขื ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื“ื•ื ื™ื• ืคื ื™ื• ืžืžื ื•'. ืฉืืœื• ืื•ืชื•: ื•ืžื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืš ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข? ืืžืจ ื”ืžื™ืŸ: ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข. ืืžืจื•: 'ืื“ื ืฉืœื ื™ื“ืข ืžื” ืžืกืžื ื™ื ืœื•, ...ื™ืกืžืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืš?' ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื•ื”ื• ื•ื”ืจื’ื•ื”ื•.

ืจื“ื™ืคืช ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช

ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืืคื™ืคื™ื•ืจ

ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืชืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื‘ ื”ืœื•ื™ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืžื‘ื•ืกื˜ื•ืŸ[11], ื‘ืžืืžืจ "ืงื•ืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืคืง"(ืขืž' 17[12]) ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ืคื™ืงืช ื”ื“ื•ื“ ืœืจืขื™ื”[13]:

"ื”ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื“ืคื•ืง ื’ื ื‘ืคืชื— ื”ืื•ื”ืœ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ื•ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ืคื™ืงื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื“ื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื›ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื ื˜ืœ ืžื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช - ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืืœื™ื’ื•ืจื™ (- ืžืฉืœ ื•ืžืœื™ืฆื”) ืืœ ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช, ื ืชื’ืœื• ื‘ืคื”ืจืกื™ื, ืข"ื™ ื™ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืงืจ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื•ืฉื•ืจืฉ.
ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื” ืžืงืคืช ื‘ืกื™ืคืจื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืžืื– ื™ืžื™ ื™ื•ืกื˜ื™ืŸ ืžืจื˜ื™ืจ ืขื“ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืคืœื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื• ื ืคืจื›ื” ื‘ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช.
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ (ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘) ืžืจ ื“ืœืก, ืฉื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื’ื‘ืื™ ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื” ืืคื™ืกืงื•ืคืœื™ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืกื™ื ื˜, ืฉื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืจื’ื• ืืช ืžื—ื•ืงืง ื“ืชื.
ืœ'ื”ืกื‘ืจ' ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืกื™ืžืœื™ืช, ื ืกืชืจืช ื•ืขืžื•ืงื”. ืื™ื ื ื™ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’, ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืื ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื“ืฃ ื’ืžืจื ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื—ื–"ืœ ืขืœ ื‘ืœืขื (ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืงื”:): "ืžื‘ืจื›ืชื•... ืืชื” ืœืžื“ ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื•". ื›ืฉืื“ื ืžืืจื™ืš ื‘ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจื• ื ืคืœื˜ ืžืคื™ื• ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืืžืช.
ื›ืฉืื—ื“ ื”ืกื™ื ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืœ ืืช ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ: 'ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื?' - ืจืฆื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘: 'ื’ื ืื ื™ ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื™, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื ื•ืฆืจื™, ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ืืœื™ื”ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืจื’ื• ืืช ืžืฉื™ื—ื ื•, ื•ืžื—ืžืช ื–ืืช ื”ืคืกื™ื“ื• ื—ืœืงื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื'. ื™ืฉื‘ ืžืœืืš ืื• ื—ื›ื” ื ืชื ื” ื‘ื’ืจื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ (ื›ื“ืจืฉืช ื—ื–"ืœ (ืฉื) ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘[14]: "ื•ื™ืฉื ื”' ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื™ ื‘ืœืขื"), ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื: 'ืžืฉื™ื—ื ื•', 'ืื ื™ ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื™', ืคืœื˜ื• ืฉืคืชื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืืžืจ: 'ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื', 'ืžื•ื—ืžื“'. ืžืชื—ืช ืœืกืฃ ื”ื›ืจืชื• ืžืคื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” 'ื”ื ื•ืจืื”' ืฉื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.
ืงื•ืจืช ืจื•ื— ืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ื‘ืงื•ืจืื™ ื‘ืขึดืชื•ื ื™ื ืงืชื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืขึดืชื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื•ื˜ืกื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื•ืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•."

ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžื‘ื˜ื ื‘ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื’ืจื™"ื“ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง ื–ืฆ"ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืชื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืฉืชืงื•ืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ืœืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื—ื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ืขื“ืจ ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื” ืืช ื”'ื”ื•ื›ื—ื”' ืœ'ืขื•ื ืฉ' ืฉืžืงื‘ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื’ืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ[15].

ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื•[16], ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืœื—ืคืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชืคื™ืฉืช ืขื•ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืฉืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื. ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื‘ื—ืจื• ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ื—ืฉื” ื•ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืชื•ืš ืชืงื•ื•ืช ืœื”ืขืœืžื•ืชื”[17]. ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชืงื•ื•ืช ืืœื• - ื ืขืฉื™ื ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืข"ื™ ืœื—ืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžื—ื“, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš - ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขืจืขืจ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ[18]. ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื™ืชื ืฆืจื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ[19]. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื–ื”, ืžืฉืงื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืคืขืช ื•ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช

ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ืžื”ื“' ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืงืืคื— ื–ืฆ"ืœ, ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืค"ื ืž"ื‘) ืžื•ื ื” ืืช ื™ืฉ"ื• ื”ื ืฆืจื™ ื•ืชืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ: "ืžื™ื ื™ื", ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื "ืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื–ื™ืœื–ื•ืœ".

ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืค"ื’ ืžื”ืœ' ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืœ' ื•-ื—[20]):

"ื•ืืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืืœื ื ื›ืจืชื™ืŸ ื•ืื•ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืจืฉืขื ื•ื—ื˜ืืชื ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืœืขื•ืœืžื™ ืขื•ืœืžื™ื:
ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืืคื™ืงื•ืจืกื™ื... ื•ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืจื ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืžืฆื•ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ืื—ืจืช ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืชื•ืจื” ื–ื• ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืขึดื ื”', ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื’ืจื™ื..."

ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื ื“ื” ืกื ืข"ื‘:

"ื•ืื ืœื—ืฉืš ืžื™ืŸ ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉ"ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ืœื–ืžืŸ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื™ืฉ"ื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื•ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžืžื ื”, ืืฃ ืืชื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื•: ืžื™ ืฉืœื‘ื• ื ื•ืงืคื• ืื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ, ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ, ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื• ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื•ืžืžื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ื•ืขืœื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืœื ื–ื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžืื™ืœื™ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ 'ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชื ื•ืœืžื—ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจื', ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื‘ื˜ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื ื—ืคืฉื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ืžื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ืจื‘ื ื• ื "ืจ.
ืื‘ืœ ืžืงืฆืช ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื™"ื ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืืคื™' ืœื–ืžืŸ ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื‘ื›ืืŸ ืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืขืœ (ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ) [ืฉืขืช] ื”ืžื™ืชื” ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืžืช ืื“ื ื ืขืฉื” ื—ืคืฉื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฆื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ืชื™ืžื ื•ืžืืŸ ื“ืคืจื™ืš ื”ื›ื ืžื“ื‘ื™ ืจ' ื™ื ืื™ ื“ืœืงื‘ืจื• ืืกื•ืจ ืžื›ืœืœ ื“ืจ' ื™ื ืื™ ืกื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ืžื™ืชื” ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืžืงืจื ืžืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืชื™ื ื—ืคืฉื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ืจืฉ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ืืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื™ืชื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ืขืช ืžื›ืจืขืช, ื•ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืื•ืžืจ ืืฉืจ ืื ื›ื™ ืžืฆื•ืš ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชื, ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื—ืœืงื• ื›ืืŸ ืืœื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื ื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืืฆืœื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื“ื™ื“ื”ื•, ื“ืื™ื›ื ืžืืŸ ื“ืืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืืฆืœื ื• ืฉืืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ื›ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื ืœื ืชืื›ืœื•ื ืœื ืชืื›ื™ืœื•ื, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื“ืœืงื•ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืชื›ืจื™ื›ื™ ื›ืœืื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืคื™ ืฉื–ื” ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ื™ืฉื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืกืคื“ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืœื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืžื•ืชืจ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ ื›ืกื•ืช ืžื•ื›ืจื™ืŸ ื›ื“ืจื›ืŸ, ื•ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืกื‘ืจ ืฉืืฃ ืœืงื‘ืจื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืชืจ ื“ืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžืฉืขื” ืฉืžืช, ื•ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื ืขืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืฉืœื ืชื”ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืœืŸ ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื, ื–ื• ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื‘ ื–"ืœ."

ื‘ื™ืœื‘ื•ืœ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”

ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืคื™"ื ืžื”ืœ' ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื™ื ื”"ื“):

"...ื™ืฉื•ืข ื”ื ืฆืจื™ ืฉื“ึดืžื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ื ื”ืจื’ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชื ื‘ื ื‘ื• ื“ื ื™ืืœ, ืฉื ืืžืจ (ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื™ื, ื™ื“): 'ื•ื‘ื ื™ ืคืจื™ืฆื™ ืขืžืš ื™ื ืฉืื• ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื ื›ืฉืœื•'. - ื•ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื”? ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื• ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื’ื•ืืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื•ืฉื™ืขื ื•ืžืงื‘ืฅ ื ื“ื—ื™ื”ื ื•ืžื—ื–ืง ืžืฆื•ืชืŸ. ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœืื‘ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ืจื‘ ื•ืœืคื–ืจ ืฉืืจื™ืชื ื•ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืœื ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ื˜ืขื•ืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืœื•ื” ืžื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื”'."

ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื[21] (ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื[22] ื—"ื ืขืž' ืงื ื˜ ืฉื•' 9-15), ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ืœื• ื ื˜ืขื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉ'ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ' ื”ื—ื™ื” ืžืชื™ื ื•ืขืฉื” ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ื›ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืฉืงืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช, ืž"ืž ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืืœืฃ ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืœืžืฉื™ื— ืฉืœื ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื• (ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื˜ืขื ืชื).

ื™ื—ืกื ืœื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ

ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืกืคืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืชื "ืš

ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื‘"ืฅ ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื‘ ืžื™"ื˜ ื“"ื” ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืฉืชืฉื™ื‘:

"...ื•ืืžืจื• ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ ืงื”ืœืช (ืจื‘ื” ืคืจืฉื” ื™ื‘ ื [ื™"ื‘] ื“"ื” ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ), ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ื ื™ืก ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืžื”ื•ืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื•. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• 'ืขืฉื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื' [ืงื”ืœืช ื™ื‘ ื™ื‘], ื—ืกืจ ืž"ื, ื›ืžื• ืžืขืฉื•ืช ืกืคืจื™ื, ื›ืžื• 'ื”ืฉืžืจื• ืœื›ื ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจ ื•ื ื’ื•ืข ื‘ืงืฆื”ื•' [ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜ ื™ื‘], ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืื "ื—. 'ื•ื›ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื' [ืงื”ืœืช ื™ื‘ ื™ื] ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉื™"ืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ื”ื ื›"ื“ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืงื“ืฉ. ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืžื”ืžื”, ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื”ื•ืžื” ืœืคื™ ืฉืœื ืืžืจ ืžื”ื.
ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื• ื›"ื“ ืกืคืจื™ื, ืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื™ื”ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื›ืžื” ืœืคืจืฉ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืืœ ื•ืื—ื“ื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืจื—ืงืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื•ืช, ื•ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื’ื™ื— ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉื•ืœื— ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ, ื•ื’ื•ืžืœ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉ, ื›ืœ ืืœื• ื”ืกืคืจื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืงืจื•ืชื..."

ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื•ืชืช ืœื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ

ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื‘ืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื‘:) ื›ื•ืชื‘: "ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉ"ื• ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™[23] ื”ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื˜ืขืžื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœืžื“ืจืฉ ื˜ืขื•ืช ื•ืืœื™ืœ[24]".

ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืžืืžืจ ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื[25]):

"ืื™ื ื• ืจื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœื‘ืืจ ืขื ื™ืŸ... ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืคืฉื•ื˜, ื•ื™ืฉืชื“ืœ ื‘ื• ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกืคืงื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืœื™ ื”ื ืคืฉื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืืฉืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืืจื”.
ื•ื”ื ื” ืืจืข ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”' ื™ืชืขืœื”, ื•ื”ื•ื:
ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื (- ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื ื•) ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”', ืฉื”ื•ื (- ื”ืงื‘"ื”) ื™ืชืขืœื” ืื—ื“ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืœื•, ื•ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืžื ืคืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื ืคืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืืžื™ื ื• ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื (- ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืืœื•ื”ื•ืช, ืื—ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืื—ื“ ืจืข), ืืžืจ: ..."ืฉืžืข ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”' ื-ืœื”ื™ื ื• ื”' ืื—ื“" (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•, ื“). ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืžื–ื” ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืขืœ ืฉื”ืืœื•ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ื•ืืžืจื•: ืืžืจ "ื”'", ื•ืืžืจ "ื-ืœื”ื™ื ื•", ื•ืืžืจ "ื”'", - ื”ื ื” ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉืžื•ืช. ื•ืืžืจ ืื—"ื› 'ืื—ื“' - ืจืื™ื” ืฉื”ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื•ืฉื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื—ื“[26], ื—ืœื™ืœื” ืœืืœ (ื "ื: ื™ืชืขืœื” ืžืžื” ืฉืกื›ืœื•)".

ืจ' ืื’ืจืช ืชื™ืžืŸ (ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืžื”ื“' ื”ืจ"ื™ ืฉื™ืœืช, ืขืž' ืงื›-ืงื›ื, ืงืžื‘) ื‘ืื•ืจืš, ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื” ืฉื‘ืกื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืข"ื™ ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช.

ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” - ืžื•ืœื™ื“ ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืžืงื ื” ืœื”[27] ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื[28]. ืžืกื™ื‘ื” ื–ื•, ืžืชื™ืจ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”[29] (ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืชื™ื•[30]) ืœืœืžื“ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืชื•ืจื”:

"ื•ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืœืžื“ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืœืžืฉื›ื ืืœ ื“ืชื ื•... [ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื] ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ื ืฉืชื ื”, ื•ืจืง ืžื’ืœื™ื ื‘ื” ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื ื”ืžื•ืคืกื“ ื•ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ืฉื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื, ื•ืื ื™ืขืžื™ื“ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืฉ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžื•ื˜ื‘. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื—ื–ืจื•, ื›ืฉืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื–ืจื•, ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื ื• ืžื–ื” ืžื›ืฉื•ืœ ื•ืœื ื™ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื•."

ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื”

ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื‘"ืฅ ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ืคืจืง ื‘

ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช "ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืจื–"ืœ, ืฉื”ื ืืžืจื• ื‘ืคืจืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืžืข"ื– [ื• ื‘], ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ' ื™ืฉืžืขืืœ, ื ืฆืจื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืืช ื•ืœืชืช ืขืžื•, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื’' ื™ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืื™ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื’' ืœืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ื”ืŸ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื™ื•ื ืื™ื“. ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื‘ืชืขื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืง ื‘ืฉืœืฉื” ืคืจืงื™ื [ื›ื– ื‘], ืฉืื ืฉื™ ืžืฉืžืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืขื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื" (ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื‘"ืฅ ืค"ื‘ ืžื™"ื˜ ื“"ื” ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืฉืชืฉื™ื‘).

ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื ืฆืจื•ืช

  • ืžืกื›ืชื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช:ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื™ื– ื“: "ืื ืฉื™ ืžืฉืžืจ ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืขื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืขืœ ืžืคืจืฉื™ ื”ื™ื, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ ืจืงื™ืข ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื; ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืขืœ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ื™ืงื•ื• ื”ืžื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื ืืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ื“, ื‘ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช, ืฉืœื ืชืขืœื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืกื›ืจื” ื•ื™ืžื•ืชื•, ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ื™ื”ื™ ืžืื•ืจื•ืช, ืžืืจืช ื›ืชื™ื‘, ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืขืœ ืžืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ื ื™ืงื•ืช, ืžืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืคื™ืœื•, ื•ืžื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืžื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื™ื”ืŸ, ืฉื ืืžืจ ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืฆื• ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืจืฅ ื ืคืฉ ื—ื™ื”. ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืชืขื ื™ืŸ, ืžืคื ื™ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ืกืคืช ื ืฉืžื” ื™ืชื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื™ืžื ื•, ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืืžืจื• ืขืœ ื›ื™ ืื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื ืžืชืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœืื™ื‘ืช ื’ื•ื™, ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ื™ื ืคืฉ, ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ืคืฉ".
  • ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ - ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•"ื“ ืงืžื–, ื’, ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื ื• ื™ืจื•ื—ื.
  • ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื” (ื™ื•"ื“ ื—"ื’ ืจืก"ื™ ืขื–):
    ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืืœื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ืข"ื– ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื’ื ืฆืœื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืืฆืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ืŸ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืืฃ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชื™ืคืœื” ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืžื•ืš ืœื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืคืœื” ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื›"ืฉ ื›ืฉื”ืฆืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื ืœื–ื”. ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ืขื–ืจื›ื ื”ืฉื™"ืช.
  • ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช ืฉื ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ื• ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ - ืฉื•"ืช ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ื”ื• ืžื–ืจื—ื™ (ื”ืจื"ื) ืกื™ืžืŸ ืคื:
"...ื“ืจื›ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื™ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืœืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ื”ื ืฆื•ืจืช ื™ืฉ"ื• ื•ืฆื•ืจืช ืืžื• ื•ืชื—ืชื™ื”ื ื ืจ ื“ื•ืœืง ื•ืขืฉืŸ ื”ืงื˜ืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื• ืฉื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื’ืžื•ืจื” ื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–"ืœ ืืžืจื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœื’ื•ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœืืจืฅ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœื”ืฉื›ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื ืœื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ื ื™ืก ืœืชื•ื›ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ื ืืžืจ ื•ืœื ืชื‘ื™ื ืชื•ืขื‘ื” ืืœ ื‘ื™ืชืš ืื‘ืœ ืžืฉื›ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื‘ืชื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชืŸ ืื•ืฆืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืœืš ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืฉืกืชื ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืกื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืขื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืื ื• ืฉื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื™ื ื•ืื ื• ืžืชืคืœืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›' ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื’ืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื•ื ืคื•ืฆื” ื•ืžืฆืคืฆืฃ ืœืขืจืขืจ ื‘ื–ื”.
ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืจืขืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื˜ื•ืขื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ืžื” ืื ื‘ื™ืช ืžืงื“ืฉื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื›ื™ื ื” ืฉืจื•ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืงื“ืฉ ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืœื ื ืืกืจื• ืชืคืœืชื ื• ื‘ื• ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืกื• ื‘ื• ืข"ื–..." ืข"ืฉ (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื—ื™"ื‘ ืกื™' ื˜ื• ืื•ืช ื’ ื•ืื™ืœืš, ืžืฉ"ื› ืข"ื“ ื”ืจื"ื ื”ื "ืœ)
  • ื›ื”ืŸ ืฉื”ืชื ืฆืจ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉืืช ื›ืคื™ื•, ืืš ืื ืจืง ืืžืจ ืœื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื ืฆืจ ื•ื”ื ืœื ืฉืคื›ื• ืขืœื™ื• ืžื™ื[31], ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ ืœืืœื•ื” - ืื™ื ื ื• ื ืคืกืœ (ืฉื•"ืช ืจื“ื‘"ื– ืžื›ืช"ื™ ืื•"ื— ื™ื•"ื“ - ื—"ื— ืกื™' ื›ื).
  • ืืกื•ืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื™ ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืจืช ืฆื•ืจืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉ ื•ืืžื•, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื•ื™ ืื‘ืจ ืžืชืžื•ื ืชื• (ืฉื•"ืช ืžื”ืจื™"ืฃ ืจ"ืก ืขื—, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”).
  • ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื›ื ืกื™ื”[32] ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืœืœ ื‘ื”‏[33].

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืืจื™ืš ื ื•ืฆืจื™

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืชืืจื™ืš ืœื•ืขื–ื™


ืฆื•ืจืช ืฉืชื™ ื•ืขืจื‘

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืฆืœื‘


ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืกืคืจื™ื”ื

ืžื’ืŸ ืื‘ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื‘"ืฅ ืขืœ ืื‘ื•ืช ืค"ื‘ ืžื™"ื˜ ื“"ื” ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ืฉืชืฉื™ื‘:

"ื•ืืขืค"ื™ ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช (- ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืื™ืกืœื) ื”ื ื”ื‘ืœ ืžืขืฉื” ืชืขืชื•ืขื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื•ื“ื•... ื›ื™ ืชื•ืจืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื“ื• ื›ืŸ, ืื™ื•ืœืช ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ื›ืœื™ืžื” ืื ืื™ื ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื”, ื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืชื ื‘ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ืœืชื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื—ื›ืžื™ ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”, ื•ื”ืจื‘ื• ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœืืžืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”, ืืขืค"ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื™ื” ื•ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื”, ื›ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื ืฉืชื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื•ืœื–ื” ื ื”ื’ื ื• ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืงืจื•ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืฉื™ื”ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชืฆื ืœื ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื ืฆื—ืช ื›ื ื’ื“ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืขืฆืžื.
ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ื˜ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืื™ืฉ ืืฉืจ ืงืจืื•ื”ื• ืžืฉื™ื— ื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืžืจ ืฉื"ื ืฉืชืฉืชื ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ืืœื ืœืงื™ื™ืžื” ื•ืœืืžืฆื”, ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื™ื“ืขื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืชื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื™ื— ืฉื ืชื ื‘ืื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืฅ ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื›ืฉืจืื• ืฉื ืžืกืจ ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืชื—ื›ืžื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื‘ื ืืœื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื ืคืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื™ืงื™ื ืžื’ื”ื™ื ื, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืžืคื ื™ ื—ื˜ืื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ"ื• ื”ื ืฆืจื™ ืจืื” ืืช ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืชืœื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ื’ืŸ ืขื“ืŸ ืขื ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™, ืฉืžื• ืืœืขื–ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืชื—ืช ืœืฉื•ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉ ื' ืื›ื–ืจื™ ืœืจื—ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืื•ืชื• ืื›ื–ืจื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื’ื”ื™ื ื ืฆืžื ืœืžื™ื ื•ืฉืืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉืงื”ื•.
ื•ื”ืชื—ื›ืžื• ืขื•ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืืœื•ื” ื ื•ืœื“ ื‘ื‘ื˜ืŸ ืืฉื” ื‘ืœื ื–ื›ืจ ืืœื ืžืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ. ื•ื”ื ืกื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ืžืฉื— ื™ืจื“ ืจื•ื— ื”ืงื“ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื›ื“ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”, ื•ื ื›ื ืกื” ื‘ื•.
ื•ื”ืคืกื•ืง ืกื•ืชืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ืฉืื ื”ื™ื” ืืœื•ื” - ืื™ืš ื ืžืกืจ ืœื”ืจื™ื’ื” ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ืฉืจืืœ? ื•ื”ืœื ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืœืš ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืœื•ื” ื•ื ื”ืจื’: 'ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืชืืžืจ ืืœื”ื™ื ืื ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื•ืจื’ืš ื•ืืชื” ืื“ื ื•ืœื ืืœ ื‘ื™ื“ ืžื—ื•ืœืœืš' (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ื›ื—, ื˜).
ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ืืœื• ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืื ื• ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ื ื•ืžื•ื–ื”ืจื™ื ืื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ื–ื” ื”ื—ื›ื ืฉืืžืจ ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืงื•ื“ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื” ืžื” ืฉืชืฉื™ื‘ ืœืืคื™ืงื•ืจื•ืก".

ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืืœื•ืงื™ืช

ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืก"ืค ื™ื ืžื”ืœ' ืžืœื›ื™ื ื”"ื“):

"ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืจื ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื›ื— ื‘ืื“ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ื, ื›ื™ ืœื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื• ื•ืœื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื•[34]. ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื•ืข ื”ื ืฆืจื™ ื•ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ืฉืžืขืืœื™ ืฉืขืžื“ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืื™ื ืŸ ืืœื ืœื™ืฉืจ ื“ืจืš ืœืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืช ื”' ื‘ื™ื—ื“...
ื›ื™ืฆื“? ื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชืžืœื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื•ืœื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืคืฉื˜ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืื™ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื[35] ื•ื‘ืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืจืœื™ ืœื‘[36] ื•ื”ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื• ื•ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื: ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืœื• ืืžืช ื”ื™ื• ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช[37], ื•ืืœื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืกืชืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืคืฉื•ื˜ืŸ ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืžืฉื™ื— ื•ื’ื™ืœื” ื ืกืชืจื™ื”ื.
ื•ื›ืฉื™ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื‘ืืžืช[38] ื•ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ื•ื™ืจื•ื ื•ื™ื ืฉื[39] ืžื™ื“ ื”ื ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืฉืงืจ ื ื—ืœื• ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื[40] ื•ืฉื ื‘ื™ืื™ื”ื ื•ืื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื˜ืขื•ื".

ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื

  1. โ†‘ ืจ' ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื• ืขึดื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ (ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืžื”ื“' ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืจื‘ ืงื•ืง, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉื›"ื’, ื—"ื ืกื•ืฃ ืขืž' ืฉื™): "ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื” ืฉืืชื (- ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื) ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืืœื”ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืจ ืžืื“" (ืžืชื•ืš: ื•ื™ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™, ืื•ืช ืžื–).
  2. โ†‘ ืคืชื—ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ื™ื•ืจื” ื“ืขื”, ืงืžื– ื’ (ื‘).
  3. โ†‘ ื•ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ืฆืจื•ืช (ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื™"ื”, ืœืžื™ื ื™ื ืืœ ืชื”ื™ ืชืงื•ื”), ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ืข"ื–, ืžื”ื“' ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉืก"ื‘, ืค"ื ืž"ื’): "ื•ื“ืข, ืฉื–ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื” ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื—, ืขืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื›ื™ืชื•ืชื™ื”, ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”, ื•ืื™ื“ื™ื”ืŸ [- ื•ื—ื’ื™ื”ื] ื›ื•ืœื ืืกื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืขืžื”ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื”". ื•ืขื™' ืฉื•"ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ ื”ืœื•ื™ ื—"ื™ ืจ"ืก ืงืœ ื“"ื” ื•ืืขืŸ ื•ืื•ืžืจ, ื•ืฆ"ืข.
  4. โ†‘ ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืžื ื—ืช ืืœืขื–ืจ (ื—"ื ืกื™' ื ื’ ืื•ืช ื’, ื“ืฃ ืกื“. - ืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืฆื™ืฅ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื—ื™"ื“ ืกื™' ืฆื ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืช ื’ ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื‘ื™ืข ืื•ืžืจ ื—"ื‘ ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ื™ื ืื•ืช ื“).
  5. โ†‘ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื (ืœืจื‘ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ื‘"ืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ, ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื›ื ื•ืชื•: ืจ' ืื”ืจืŸ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ืžืœื•ื ื™ืœ ืืฃ ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื ืจื‘ื•ื ื”) ื”ืœ' ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืื•ืช ื™ื“; ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืคืชื•ืจ ื•ืคืจื— (ืœืจื‘ื™ ืืฉืชื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื—ื™) ืค"ื™; ื•ืขื•ื“.
  6. โ†‘ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื“ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื) ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืงื›ื’ ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืช ื.
  7. โ†‘ ืจ' ืžื‘ื•ื ืžื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื”ื“' ืจ' ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืคืจื ืงืœ ื–"ืœ, ืขืž' 19 ื“"ื” ื”ื”ืฉืžื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, - ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื ืœืงื•ื—ื™ื ืžืฉื.
  8. โ†‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ (ืขื™' ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื™ื—ื•ื” ื“ืขืช ื—"ื“ ืกื™' ืžื” ื‘ื”ืขืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื ื—"ื• ืกื™' ืก ื“"ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืฉืกื™ื›ื ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื–ื”).
  9. โ†‘ ืœืื•ืจ ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืขืžืฉ"ื› ื”ืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื (ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ) ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืข"ื– ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืข"ื–, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื“ืขื•ืช ืืœื• ื™"ืœ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืข"ื– ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื“ื•"ืง.
  10. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื‘ืขืจืš ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ื™ื ื•ื™ "ืžื™ืŸ" ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื•, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ, ื ื•ืฆืจื™. ื•ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื ืฆืจื™.
  11. โ†‘ ื ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื•ื™.
  12. โ†‘ ื”ืžืืžืจ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื’"ื› ื‘ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื”, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืกืคืจื™ืช ืืœื™ื ืจ (ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืจื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืœื” ืฉืข"ื™ ื”ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช), ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉืž"ื‘, ืขืž' 24-25.
  13. โ†‘ ืขืค"ื™ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื (ืจ' ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื, ื, ืฉืฉื™ืจ ื–ื” ืžืฉืœ ืœื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืงื‘"ื” ืขื ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ).
  14. โ†‘ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื”, ื”.
  15. โ†‘ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื™ื—ืก ื“ื•-ืขืจื›ื™ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืžื—ื“ ื”ื™ื ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช, ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ ื•ืžืช ื™ืฉ"ื•, ื›ืžื• ื•ื™ื” ื“ื•ืœื•ืจื•ื–ื” ืื• ื›ื ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื‘ืจ ื”'ืงื“ื•ืฉ'. ืื•ืœื ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื—ื•ืจื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžืจื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ืชืคืก ื›ืขื•ื ืฉ ืœืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื“ื—ื• ืืช ื™ืฉื• ื›ืžืฉื™ื— (ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”). ื•ืข"ืข ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงืŸ ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.
  16. โ†‘ ืจ' ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ? - ืกืงื™ืจื” ืงืฆืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืื‘ื™ื ืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื, ื•ืกืงื™ืจื” ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื‘ืจ.
  17. โ†‘ ืจ' ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื ื•ืฆืจื™ - ืื•ื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ืฆื—ื™ ื•ื‘ืจืื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืื‘ื™ื ืจ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื: ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ื ืื ื˜ื™ืฉืžื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
  18. โ†‘ ืจ' ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืืžื•ื ืชื• ื™ื—ื™ื”, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืžืืช ื”ืจื‘ ืฆื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืื• ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื, ื‘ื ืกืคื—ื™ื, ืฉืคืจืกืžื• ืžืกืžืš ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ืขื ืฆื‘ื™ื” ื’ืจื™ื ืคืœื“. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, "ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืกื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฉืžืืœ ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™, ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—, ืœื™ื‘ืจืœื™ื–ื ื•ืคื•ืกื˜-ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ืกืคื™ื ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™, ืฉืœ 'ื”ืงืจืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ' ื•ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื™ื" (ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจื•ื–ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื, ื‘ืžืืžืจื•, ื”ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ืื™ื ื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ). ื•"ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฉื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช" (ื—"ื› ื“ื ื™ ื“ื ื•ืŸ ื‘'ื‘ืฉื‘ืข', ื›ื "ืœ). ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืขืจ ืฉืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™ ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืชืคื™ืกืช ืขื•ืœืžื ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช.
  19. โ†‘ ืจ' ืฆื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจื™ืช - ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”.
  20. โ†‘ ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ืฆื•ื ื–ืจื•.
  21. โ†‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืฉื•ื ื• ืงืฉื”.
  22. โ†‘ ืžื”ื“' ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืฉื™ืœืช ืžืขืœื” ืื“ื•ืžื™ื, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉื "ื”.
  23. โ†‘ ื‘ื“ืคื•ืกื™ื ืžืฆื•ื ื–ืจื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืื•ืชื ื”ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื" (ื‘ื”ืฉืžื˜ืช ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื "ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉ"ื• ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™").
  24. โ†‘ ื ืจืื” ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ "ืืœื™ืœ" ืื™ื ื ื” ืจืง ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœ 'ืืœื™ืœื™ื' (- ืคืกื™ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื“'), ืืœื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื•, ื—ืกืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืฉึดืงืจื™ ื•ื›ื•ื–ื‘ (ืจ' ืจืฉ"ื™ ื™ืจืžื™ื” ื™ื“, ื“; ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื™ื, ื™ื–; ืื™ื•ื‘ ื™ื’, ื“).
  25. โ†‘ ืžื”ื“' ื”ืจ"ื™ ืฉื™ืœืช ื”ื "ืœ, ืขืž' ืฉืœื˜.
  26. โ†‘ ื•ืจืื” ืžืฉ"ื› ืœืขื™ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืคื™ืจืชื.
  27. โ†‘ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืื™ืกืœื ื•ืื›ืž"ืœ.
  28. โ†‘ ืจ' ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ืชืจืช "ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ื-ืœื•ื”ื™ืช" ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืก"ืค ื™ื ืžื”ืœ' ืžืœื›ื™ื).
  29. โ†‘ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ืคืจื•ืค' ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืœืื•, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืงื™ืฆื™ ื ืจื“ืžื™ื, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉื™"ื—, ืกื™' ืงืžื˜, ื—"ื ืขืž' 284-285; ืžื”ื“ื•ืจืช ื”ืจื‘ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืคืจื™ื™ืžืŸ, ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžืงื™ืฆื™ ื ืจื“ืžื™ื, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืจืฆ"ื“, ืกื™' ืฉืกื“, ืขืž' 331-332; ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืžื”ื“' ื”ืจ"ื™ ืฉื™ืœืช, ืžืขืœื” ืื“ื•ืžื™ื, ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉื "ื”, ื—"ื ืขืž' ืจื˜ื•-ืจื˜ื– (ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื”ืขืจืชื• ื”ืืจื•ื›ื”).
  30. โ†‘ ืจ' ื”ืœ' ืžืœื›ื™ื ื˜, ื™, ืฉื ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจื” ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช (ื”ืขืจืช ื”ืจ"ื™ ืฉื™ืœืช ืฉื).
  31. โ†‘ ื›ืžื ื”ื’ื ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื“ืชื.
  32. โ†‘ ืจืื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ 'ื“ื™ืŸ' ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื”; ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื•ื•ืชื™ืงืŸ ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื›ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื’ื“ื™ื.
  33. โ†‘ ืจืื” ื‘ืืชืจ 'ื“ื™ืŸ' ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืคื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ืœื›ื ืกื™ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ื›ื›ื ืกื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื›ื ืกืช.
  34. โ†‘ ืขืค"ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื”, ื—-ื˜).
  35. โ†‘ ืขืค"ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืกื•, ื™ื˜).
  36. โ†‘ ืขืค"ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืžื“, ื–-ื˜).
  37. โ†‘ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ืœื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื "ืœ.
  38. โ†‘ ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ื‘ืืžืช" ื‘ืื” ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ืž"ืฉ ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ื— ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื•ื›ื "ืœ.
  39. โ†‘ ืขืค"ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื‘, ื™ื’).
  40. โ†‘ ืขืค"ื™ ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ื˜ื–, ื™ื˜).
  41. โ†‘ ืจ' ืกืงื™ืจื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืืชืจ ืืจืฅ ื—ืžื“ื”.