ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื: ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื‘ื“ืฃ

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ืื™ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ืจ ืขืจื™ื›ื”
ืชื’ื™ื•ืช: ืฉื•ื—ื–ืจื” ืขืจื™ื›ื” ืžืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื ื™ื™ื“ ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืืชืจ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“
ืž (ืฉื•ื—ื–ืจ ืžืขืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ 2.52.78.231 (ืฉื™ื—ื”) ืœืขืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ 5.29.13.132)
ืชื’ื™ืช: ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ
ย 
ืฉื•ืจื” 1: ืฉื•ืจื” 1:
ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื™ืžื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืชืฉืข ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื—ื™ื ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืชืฉืข ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืื•ืจืกื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ื ืฉื•ืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื˜ืžืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื ื™ื“ื” ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื˜ืžืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื–ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื˜ืžืื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื™ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืื‘ื ื•ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืืžื ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืžื–ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืชืฉืข ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืงื“ืฉื” ืžื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื›ื‘ ืืช ืื™ืฉื” ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื–ืจืข ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืคื—ื” ื ื—ืจืคืช ืœืื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืคื“ื” ืœื ื ืคื“ืชื” ืื• ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื™ื•ืžืชื• ื›ื™ ืœื ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื•ื•ืœื“ื• ืœื”ื ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื”ื ื‘ืงื”ืœ ื™ื”ื•ื” ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื” ื”ื—ื™ืชื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื” ื”ื’ื™ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื” ื”ื›ื ืขื ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื” ื”ืคืจื™ื–ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื•ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืชืฉืข ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืกื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ื”ื ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืื– ืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื™ืžื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 00:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 00:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 00:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 01:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 01:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 01:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 01:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 02:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 02:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 02:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 02:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 03:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 03:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 03:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 03:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 04:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 04:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 04:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 04:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 05:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 05:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 05:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 05:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 06:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 06:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 06:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 06:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 07:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ืžืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 07:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 07:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืฉ ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 07:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 08:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื‘ืข ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 08:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 08:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 08:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 09:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืชืฉืข ืขืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 09:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 09:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 09:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 10:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 10:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 10:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 10:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 11:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 11:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 11:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 11:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 12:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 12:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 12:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 12:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 13:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 13:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 13:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 13:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 14:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ืชืฉืข ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 14:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 14:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 14:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 15:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 15:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 15:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 15:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 16:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 16:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 16:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 16:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 17:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 17:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 17:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 17:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 18:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 18:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 18:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 18:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 19:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืชืฉืข ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 19:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 19:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 19:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 20:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 20:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 20:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 20:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 21:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 21:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 21:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืืจื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 21:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 22:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 22:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 22:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 22:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 23:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 23:00 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 23:30 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžื”ืฉืขื” 23:30 ืขื“ ื”ืฉืขื” 00:00 ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ื•ืชืฉืข ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื 24 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืžืžื” ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืื– ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ื ืคื˜ืจ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืžืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื ืฉืžืฉื” ืจื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื™ืžื“ ืื•ืชื ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืืช ืื•ืชื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื ืื•ืชื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืชื ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชืงืŸ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืกืคืจืช ืœืš ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœืš ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉืข ื•ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ืชืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืชืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจืฆื›ื ื•ืงื™ื“ืฉืชื ืืช ืฉื ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ืงืจืืชื ื“ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื•ืฉื‘ืชื ืื™ืฉ ืืœ ืื—ื•ื–ืชื• ื•ืื™ืฉ ืืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื• ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืœื ืชื–ืจืขื• ื•ืœื ืชืงืฆืจื• ืืช ืกืคื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืชื‘ืฆืจื• ืืช ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื” ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื“ื” ืชืื›ืœื• ืืช ืชื‘ื•ืืชื” ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื–ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื• ืื™ืฉ ืืœ ืื—ื•ื–ืชื• ื•ืื– ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืœืงื—ื• ืืช ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื "ืš ืฉื”ื ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช ืกืคืจ ื•ื™ืงืจื ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉื•ืข ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืกืคืจ ื™ืจืžื™ื”ื• ืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืกืคืจ ืชืจื™ ืขืฉืจ ืกืคืจ ืื™ื•ื‘ ืกืคืจ ืžืฉืœื™ ืกืคืจ ืชื”ื™ืœื™ื ืกืคืจ ืจื•ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืกืคืจ ืงื•ื”ืœืช ืกืคืจ ืื™ื›ื” ืกืคืจ ืืกืชืจ ืกืคืจ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืกืคืจ ืขื–ืจื ืกืคืจ ื ื—ืžื™ื” ื•ืกืคืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืื– ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืžืจื• ืœืขืฆืžื ืฉืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื—ื˜ืื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ืื•ืชื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืกืคืจืช ืœืš ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœืš ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉืข ื•ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ืชืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืชืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจืฆื›ื ื•ืงื™ื“ืฉืชื ืืช ืฉื ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ืงืจืืชื ื“ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื•ืฉื‘ืชื ืื™ืฉ ืืœ ืื—ื•ื–ืชื• ื•ืื™ืฉ ืืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื• ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืœื ืชื–ืจืขื• ื•ืœื ืชืงืฆืจื• ืืช ืกืคื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืชื‘ืฆืจื• ืืช ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื” ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื“ื” ืชืื›ืœื• ืืช ืชื‘ื•ืืชื” ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื–ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื• ืื™ืฉ ืืœ ืื—ื•ื–ืชื• ื•ื›ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ื”ื ืจืง ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ื ื•ืื– ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืฆืื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ืกืคืจ ื•ืกืคืจ ืžืื•ืชื ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื "ืš ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืœืฉืชื™ ืกืคืจื™ื ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืกืคืจื™ื ื‘ืชื "ืš ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžืฉ ื•ืื– ืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืืžืจื• ืœื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืื ื”ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืืช ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืชื "ืš ื”ื ื™ืชืงื ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืกืคืจืช ืœืš ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœืš ื™ืžื™ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื‘ืชื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืชืฉืข ื•ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉื•ืคืจ ืชืจื•ืขื” ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืชืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืืจืฆื›ื ื•ืงื™ื“ืฉืชื ืืช ืฉื ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ืงืจืืชื ื“ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœื›ืœ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ื•ืฉื‘ืชื ืื™ืฉ ืืœ ืื—ื•ื–ืชื• ื•ืื™ืฉ ืืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื• ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืฉื ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืœื ืชื–ืจืขื• ื•ืœื ืชืงืฆืจื• ืืช ืกืคื™ื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืชื‘ืฆืจื• ืืช ื ื–ื™ืจื™ื” ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื“ื” ืชืื›ืœื• ืืช ืชื‘ื•ืืชื” ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ื”ื–ืืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื• ืื™ืฉ ืืœ ืื—ื•ื–ืชื• ื•ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœื—ื˜ื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขืจื™ื•ืช
ืื—ื“ ืž[[ื™"ื’ ืขื™ืงืจื™ื|ื™"ื’ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืืžื•ื ืช]] ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”[[ืชื•ืจื”]] ื ื™ืชื ื” ืžืืช ื”ืืœืงื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ [[ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘]] ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”[[ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”]].
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==ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช==
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ื‘[[ืžืฉื ื”]] {{ืžืงื•ืจ|ืžืฉื ื”: ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ื™ ื$ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืง 'ื—ืœืง'|ื›ืŸ}} ื ืืžืจ:
:{{ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ|ื•ืืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื—ืœืง ืœ[[ืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื]]: ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ [[ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื]] ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•[[ืืคื™ืงื•ืจื•ืก]].}}
ื•ื‘[[ื’ืžืจื]] {{ืžืงื•ืจ|ื‘ื‘ืœื™:ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืฆื˜ ื$ืฉื ืฆื˜.|ื›ืŸ}}:
:{{ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ|ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ื–ื”<ref>{{ืžืงื•ืจ|ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•, ืœื}}.</ref> - ื–ื” ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืžืจ: ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืืžืจื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืืœื ืžืฉื” ืžืคื™ ืขืฆืžื• - ื–ื”ื• ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืžืจ: ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื–ื”, ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื–ื”, ืžื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื–ื• - ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ื–ื”.}}
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ย 
==ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื›ื“'==
ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืฆืื ื• ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื“' ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื•ื”ื•ืกืคื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช:
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ื‘ืชื•ืจื”:
# ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ืž' ื‘"ื‘ ื˜ื•. ืžืฆืื ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” - ื”ืื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื›ืชื‘ื.
# ืžืœื›ื™ ืื“ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช - ื”ื™ืฆื—ืงื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืคื˜ (ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื•-ืœื, ืืžื ื ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื™ืฆื ื ื’ื“ื• ื‘ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ืžื ื•).
# ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื›ืชื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืžื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืกื•ื“ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื-ื‘). ื•ื ืœืงื• ืžืคืจืฉื™ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•, ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขืœื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืฆืคื ืช ืคืขื ื—).
# ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ืœื–:, ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœืžื” ื—ื™"ื˜ ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืขื“, ืืžืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื™ื˜, ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื—-ื›ื‘).
ื‘ื "ืš:
# ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืจืžื–ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืจืื‘"ืข ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืง ืž) ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจ, ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ืชื‘ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื•ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ื•ืกื™ืขืชื•, ืฉืคืขื•ืœืชื ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ื“ื™ื ืขื“ ืœื™ืžื™ ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื•ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืข"ืค ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืข"ืค ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื ืžื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• (ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื“ืขืช ืžืงืจื ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื‘ื•ื ื•).
# ืงืจื™ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ - ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ ื’ื™ืจืกืื•ืช (ืจื“"ืง ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข), ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ ื‘ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ืชื™ืงื ื• ืืช ืœืฉื•ื ื• (ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื™ืจืžื™ื” ื“"ื” ืื‘ืœ).
# ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืชืขื ื™ืช ื™ื—:) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื "ืš ื˜ืขื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช.
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==ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื==
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ืžืคื™ ื”ืืœืงื™ื. ืœื”ื“ื’ืžื” ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื—ืœืง ื–ืขื™ืจ ืžื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช:
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===[[ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™]]===
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ื‘ืชื•ืจื”<ref>ืฉืžื•ืช ืคืจืง ื›, ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื ืขื“ ื™ื˜</ref> ืžืชื•ืืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื (600,000 ืœื‘ื“ ืžื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื) ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืืช ื”ืืœืงื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื–ื• ื ืืžืจ<ref>ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ ื˜</ref>:"ืจึทืง ื”ึดืฉึธึผืืžึถืจ ืœึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืฉึฐืืžึนืจ ื ึทืคึฐืฉึฐืืšึธ ืžึฐืึนื“ ืคึถึผืŸ ืชึดึผืฉึฐืื›ึทึผื— ืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึฐึผื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืจึธืื•ึผ ืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึผืคึถืŸ ื™ึธืกื•ึผืจื•ึผ ืžึดืœึฐึผื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื›ึนึผืœ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึถึผื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนื“ึทืขึฐืชึธึผื ืœึฐื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ". ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ<ref>ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื</ref>:
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:''"ื•ื”ื ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจื• ืฉื, ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืฉืœื ื ืฉื›ื— ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ืœื ื ืกื™ืจื”ื• ืžืœื‘ื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ืฆื•ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื ื•ื“ื™ืข ื‘ื• ืœื›ืœ ื–ืจืขื ื• ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื‘ืจืื™ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขื”. ื•ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื“, ืฉืื ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื ืืœื™ื ื• ืžืคื™ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื‘ื•ืืชื• ื ืชืืžืชื” ื‘ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ืื ื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ื ื‘ื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ืœื ื—ืœื•ื ื•ื™ืฆื•ื ื• ื‘ื”ืคืš ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ืชืŸ ืืœื™ื ื• ืื•ืช ืื• ืžื•ืคืช ื™ื›ื ืก ืกืคืง ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืื–ื ื™ื ื• ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื”ืจื•ืื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืฆืขื™, ื ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœืง ื•ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืง, ื•ื ืฉืงืจ ืื•ืชื•, ืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœื”ื• ืื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื™ืœื”ื• ืžื•ืคืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉืงืจื•ืชื•. ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ืฉื<ref>ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜ ื˜</ref> ื•ื’ื ื‘ืš ื™ืืžื™ื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื ืขืชื™ืง ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืžืช ื‘ืœื ืกืคืง ื›ืืœื• ืจืื•ื”ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืขื™ื“ ืฉืงืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ื ื ื—ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ. ื•ื”ื ืœื ื™ืกืชืคืงื• ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืขื“ื•ืชื ื• ืฉื ืขื™ื“ ืœื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืกืคืจื ื• ืœื”ื."''
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ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉืื™ืœื• "ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื”" ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ืื•ืžื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื ืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืชื” ืื•ืžื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื‘ืžืœื•ืื” (ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื›ื•'), ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืžืคื™ ื”ืืœืงื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ืžืกืจื• ื–ืืช ืœื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ. ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ื–ื”, ืื ืœื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื›ืŸ ืงืจืื•.
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[[ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื ื•ื™ื’ืจืฉืœ]] ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืžืกืข ืืœ ืคืกื’ืช ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™" ืขืž' (11-47{{ื”ืขืจื”|1=ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” [http://www.hidabroot.org/CommunityDetail.asp?FaqID=27699 ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช].}}) ืžื‘ืืจ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื•ืœืœ ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืคืจื›ืชื”{{ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”}}.
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[[ืจื‘ื™ ืœื•ืจื ืก ืงืœืžืŸ]] ื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PEg_Oys4NkAย  ื‘ื”ืจืฆืืชื• "Rational Approach To Divine Origin of Judaism"]ย  (ืชืจื’ื•ื: "ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช").
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ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™ ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™' ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ 365 ื‘ื ืกืคื— " ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ". ื˜ืขื ืชื• ื”ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื–ื”ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืžืื•ืจืข ืฉืขื ืฉืœื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื”. ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืฉื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื–ื”ื•ืชื ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื›ืš ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื–ื”ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–ื”ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื–ื”ื•ืช.
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===ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื===
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{{ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘|ืขืจืš=[[ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ืข]]}}
ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื™ืฉื ื ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืœื“ืขืชื ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื• ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืช ืœื›ืš: ื‘[[ืชืœืžื•ื“]] [[ืžืกื›ืช ื ื™ื“ื”]]<ref>ื“ืฃ ื "ื ืข"ื‘</ref> ื ืืžืจ: "ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืฉืงืฉืช ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื ืคื™ืจ". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื›ืœ ื“ื’ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืฉืงืฉืช, ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื ืคื™ืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื—ืจื™ื• ืขื•ื“, ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ื“ื’ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื. ื‘ืจื, ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืกื ืคื™ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืงืฉืงืฉืช, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืกื ืคื™ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื˜ื”ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื’, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืงืฉืงืฉืช - ืื™ื ื• ื˜ื”ื•ืจ. ื•ืœืžื” ื ื–ื›ืจ "ืกื ืคื™ืจ" ื‘ืชื•ืจื”? - ืžืฉื•ื "ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืื“ื™ืจ", ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืงืฉืช ื‘ืœื ืกื ืคื™ืจ. (ืข"ื› ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“). ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื "ืœ, ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืฉืืฃ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื•ืžื ื• ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืžืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื•ื ื“ื’ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืกื ืคื™ืจ. ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืกื“ืจืช ื”ืกื™ื ื‘ืจื ืื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืœื ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ื•ืœื ืกื ืคื™ืจื™ื. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืืžืฆืขื™ื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื.
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ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืขืจืš [[ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ืข]], ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช.
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===ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”===
[[ืชืžื•ื ื”:Mount_Ebal_111.jpg|left|thumb|250px |[[ืžื–ื‘ื—]] [[ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข]] ื‘[[ื”ืจ ืขื™ื‘ืœ]]. ื”ืžืงื•ืจ: ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ื ื˜ื•ืจื”.]]
{{ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘|ืขืจืš=[[ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืงืจืื™ืช]]}}
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ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื:
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#'''ืจืื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช''': ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื”ืชื’ืœื• ืื›ืŸ ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ื: [[ื ื—]], [[ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื‘ืœ]], [[ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•]], [[ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื (ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื)]], [[ืžื”ืคื›ืช ืกื“ื•ื ื•ืขืžื•ืจื”]], [[ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง]], [[ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื]],[[ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื]], [[ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ]], [[ืžืกืขื•ืช]], [[ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™]], [[ื‘ืœืขื ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืจ]], [[ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ]], [[ื”ืจ ืขื™ื‘ืœ]], [[ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื•]],[[ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ]], [[ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื›ื]], [[ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ื•ื—]], [[ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืš]], [[ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš]], [[ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš]], [[ืขืžืจื™]], [[ืื—ืื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืขืžืจื™]], [[ืื—ื–ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืจื]], [[ื™ื”ื•ืืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื–ื™ื”ื•]], [[ืขื•ื–ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ืืžืฆื™ื”]], [[ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื–]], [[ืžื ืฉื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื•]], [[ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ/ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืืจื›ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื]].
#'''ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืงืข ืฉื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืงืจื''': ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงืจืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื•ืคื•ื˜ืžื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ, ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ืขื ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.
ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืงืจืงืข"<ref>ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืืžืจ [http://www.hidabroot.org/ARDetail.asp?BlogID=7845 ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ], ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืืžืจ[http://www.hidabroot.org/ARDetail.asp?BlogID=113385 ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื”]. </ref>:
:*ื‘[[ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช]]<ref>ืคืจืง ื˜ื•</ref> ื ืืžืจ "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื”ึตืŸ ืœึดื™ ืœึนื ื ึธืชึทืชึธึผื” ื–ึธืจึทืข ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ื‘ึถืŸ ื‘ึตึผื™ืชึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืจึตืฉื ืึนืชึดื™. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉ[[ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•]] ืžื’ืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืขื‘ื“ื• ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื™ืจืฉ ืืชื•. ื•ืื›ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ืจืฉ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื‘ื ื•ื–ื™, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื<ref>ื™.ืž. ื’ืจื™ื ืฅ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ื•ืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉืž"ื’), ื•ืฉื ื‘ืขืž' 64-51 ืžื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืจืื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช</ref>.
:*ื•ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืจืื™ ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืช [[ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื”]] ืข"ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช<ref>ืคืจืง ื›ื’</ref>, ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ื"ื ืกืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ''"ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืืœืคืช, ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขื ืขืคืจื•ืŸ..."'' ืขื›"ืœ.
:*ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช<ref>ืคืจืง ืœื“</ref> ืžืกื•ืคืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึธึผื‘ึนื ื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจ ื•ึผืฉึฐืื›ึถื ื‘ึฐึผื ื•ึน ืึถืœ ืฉึทืืขึทืจ ืขึดื™ืจึธื ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึฐึผืจื•ึผ ืึถืœ ืึทื ึฐืฉึตืื™ ืขึดื™ืจึธื ืœึตืืžึนืจ". ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื”ืืกื™ืคื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ื”ืชืืกืคื•ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
:*ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“: ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช<ref>ืœื–, ื›ื—</ref> ื ืืžืจ: "ื™ึทึผืขึทื‘ึฐืจื•ึผ ืึฒื ึธืฉึดืื™ื ืžึดื“ึฐื™ึธื ึดื™ื ืกึนื—ึฒืจึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืžึฐืฉึฐืื›ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึฒืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืžึฐื›ึฐึผืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืœึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืžึฐืขึตืืœึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผ'''ืขึถืฉึฐื‚ืจึดื™ื ื›ึธึผืกึถืฃ'''". ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืœืคื ื”"ืก (ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช), ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื—ืžื•ืจื‘ื™ (=ืขืžื•ืจื‘ื™) ื•ื‘ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืืจื™, ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื™ืจื• ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื“ 'ืขืฉืจื™ื ื›ืกืฃ'. ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืžืžื›ืœืœืช ื”ืจืฆื•ื’ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš<ref>"ืขืœ ืืชืจ" ืขืž' 53</ref> ืฉืœืคื™ ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ, ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืคื ื”"ืก - ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื›- 30 ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื•ืื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉื›ืš ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื•ื”ืืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘[[ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช]]<ref>ื›ื, ืœื‘</ref> โ€“ "ืึดื ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ื™ึดื’ึทึผื— ื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึนืจ [=ืื ืฉื•ืจ ื™ื’ื— ืขื‘ื“, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื“], ืื•ึน [ืื ื™ื’ื—] ืึธืžึธื”, ื›ึถึผืกึถืฃ ืฉึฐืืœึนืฉึดืื™ื ืฉึฐืืงึธืœึดื™ื ื™ึดืชึตึผืŸ [ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจ] ืœึทืื“ึนื ึธื™ื• [ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“], ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึนืจ ื™ึดืกึธึผืงึตืœ".
:*ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช<ref>ืคืจืง ืž, ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื› - ื›ื</ref> ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืœึดื™ืฉึดืื™ ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึปืœึถึผื“ึถืช ืึถืช ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึทืฉื‚ ืžึดืฉึฐืืชึถึผื” ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึธึผื‚ื ืึถืช ืจึนืืฉื ืฉึทื‚ืจ ื”ึทืžึทึผืฉึฐืืงึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึถืช ืจึนืืฉื ืฉึทื‚ืจ ื”ึธืึนืคึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืšึฐ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึธื™ื•. ื•ึทื™ึธึผืฉึถืื‘ ืึถืช ืฉึทื‚ืจ ื”ึทืžึทึผืฉึฐืืงึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืžึทืฉึฐืืงึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึตึผืŸ ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืก ืขึทืœ ื›ึทึผืฃ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื”." ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืคืจืขื” "ื—ื•ื’ื’" ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื•, ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื—ื ื™ื ื” ืœืืกื™ืจื™ื<ref>ืคื ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืงืจื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืž' 103</ref>.
:*ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช<ref>ืžื ื—</ref>: "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึทื‘ึนึผืงึถืจ ื•ึทืชึดึผืคึธึผืขึถื ืจื•ึผื—ื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืœึทื— ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธื ืึถืช ื›ึธึผืœ ื—ึทืจึฐื˜ึปืžึตึผื™ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึธึผืœ ื—ึฒื›ึธืžึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึทื™ึฐืกึทืคึตึผืจ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ืœึธื”ึถื ืึถืช ื—ึฒืœึนืžื•ึน ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ึนืชึตืจ ืื•ึนืชึธื ืœึฐืคึทืจึฐืขึนื”." ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื ืชื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ืจืื• ื‘ื”ื ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืคืืคื™ืจื•ืก "ืฆืกื˜ืจ" ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืž- 200 ืคืฉืจื™ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช<ref>ืกืคืจ "ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื", ืžืืช ื“ื•ื“ ืืœื•ืŸ, ืขืž 17</ref>.
:*ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช<ref>ืคืจืง ืžื ืคืกื•ืง ืžื‘</ref> ืžืชื•ืืจ ื˜ืงืก ื”ื”ื›ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื: "ื•ึทื™ึธึผืกึทืจ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ืึถืช ื˜ึทื‘ึทึผืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ืžึตืขึทืœ ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึตึผืŸ ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืขึทืœ ื™ึทื“ ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ื•ึทื™ึทึผืœึฐื‘ึตึผืฉื ืึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึดึผื’ึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉึตืืฉื ื•ึทื™ึธึผืฉึถื‚ื ืจึฐื‘ึดื“ ื”ึทื–ึธึผื”ึธื‘ ืขึทืœ ืฆึทื•ึธึผืืจื•ึน". ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืงืก ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื ืชืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขืชื• "ืžืขืœ ื™ื“ื•", ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉืคืจืขื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช '''ืžืขืœ ื›ืฃ ื”ื™ื“''' ืžืžืฉ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื™ื“. ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื“"ืจ ืค. ื’ืœืคื–<ref>[http://mikranet.cet.ac.il/pages/item.asp?item=21329 "ื”ื—ืฆืจื ื™ื"]</ref>: ''"ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฆืจื™. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉืฉ. ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืฉ ืžื•ืฆืื” ืžืฆืจื™. ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื•ืฅ- ื‘ื“ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—. ืœืคื™ ื•ื•ืจื’ื•ื˜<ref>Vergote 1959: 116-124</ref> ื”ืืฆื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื ื”ื’ื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉืฉ. ืคืจืขื” ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ื“ื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืจื™. ืคืจืขื” ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ื“ ืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื• ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื• ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืžืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆืจื™..."''
:*ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช<ref>ืคืจืง ืžื ืคืกื•ืง ื </ref> ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ "ืคึผื•ึนื˜ึดื™-ืคึถืจึทืข ื›ึนึผื”ึตืŸ ืื•ึนืŸ", ืืฉืจ ืœืคื™ [[ื—ื–"ืœ]] ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจืขื”. ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืคืจืกื™ ืขืจื•ื“ืืก (ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื—ื™ ื›- 300 ืฉื ื” ืœืคื ื”"ืก - ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืืฆืœ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืกืžื›ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“)<ref>"ืฆืคื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื", ืขืž 81</ref>, ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื "ืื•ืŸ", ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืจืง ืœื›ืžืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื”. ื”ื•ื ืžื ื” ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืžืจื™ื, ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืฉืžื• "ืคื•ื˜ืคืขืจื", ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ.
:*ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื™ืช "ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื "ืš"<ref>ืขืžื•ื“ 207</ref>: ''"ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืžืœืš, ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ, ื•ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื - ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉืื•ืชื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืช ืื™ืจื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื”... ื—ื ื™ื˜ืช ื’ื•ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืงืคืช ืžื ื”ื’ ืžืฆืจื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื™, ืฉื”ื™ื•ื• ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื"''.
:*ื‘ืžืงืจืื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœ"ื›ื•ืก ืคืจืขื”"<ref>ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืž</ref>, ื•ืœ"ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื™ื•ืกืฃ"<ref>ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื“</ref>. ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื“ื•ื˜ื•ืก<ref>ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” (425-484 ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”). ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื•ื ื” "ืื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”".</ref> ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืœื›ืœ ืžืฆืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ืก ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ื•ืก ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื–ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื•ืก ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื–ื•<ref>ืงื•ื‘ื™ ืžืจื•ื–, [http://tora.us.fm/tnk1/sofrim/meroz/cron_yosf.html ื”ื™ืชื•ืš ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ - ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื]</ref>.
ย 
===ืžืฆื•ืช ื”[[ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”]]===
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ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช. ื•ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขื ืฉืœื, ืฉืจื•ื‘ื• ื—ืงืœืื™ื, ื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืื ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช? ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืขืœื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื<ref>ื•ื™ืงืจื ืคืจืง ื›ื”, ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›-ื›ื‘</ref>:
:"ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืžึทื” ื ึนึผืื›ึทืœ ื‘ึทึผืฉึธึผืื ึธื” ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืื‘ึดื™ืขึดืช, ื”ึตืŸ ืœึนื ื ึดื–ึฐืจึธืข ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึถืึฑืกึนืฃ ืึถืช ืชึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืึธืชึตื ื•ึผ? ื•ึฐืฆึดื•ึดึผื™ืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึดึผืจึฐื›ึธืชึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื ื‘ึทึผืฉึธึผืื ึธื” ื”ึทืฉึดึผืืฉึดึผืื™ืช, ื•ึฐืขึธืฉึธื‚ืช ืึถืช ื”ึทืชึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืึธื” ืœึดืฉึฐืืœึนืฉื ื”ึทืฉึธึผืื ึดื™ื [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืชืกืคื™ืง ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ื’ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช]. ื•ึผื–ึฐืจึทืขึฐืชึถึผื ืึตืช ื”ึทืฉึธึผืื ึธื” ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืžึดื™ื ึดืช ื•ึทืึฒื›ึทืœึฐืชึถึผื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืึธื” ื™ึธืฉึธืืŸ, ืขึทื“ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืื ึธื” ื”ึทืชึฐึผืฉึดืื™ืขึดืช ืขึทื“ ื‘ึผื•ึนื ืชึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืึธืชึธื”ึผ ืชึนึผืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ื™ึธืฉึธืืŸ."
ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืกืคืจื•, ืžืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช: ื) ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช, ืื ืœื ืชืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื•, ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืš ืœื˜ืžื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘) ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื ืฉืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืฆื•ืงื” ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื”.
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[ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืจื“, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืชื™ื•, ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื›ืŸ ื”ื ืก ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืœ ืฉื ืช ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ืชื” [[ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื]]. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื [[ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ]], ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”[[ืคื•ืกืงื™ื]] ืฉืœื ื ืืžืจื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”].
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===ืžืฆื•ืช [[ืขืœื™ื” ืœืจื’ืœ]]===
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ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืžืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”, ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”:
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ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช<ref>ืœื“ ื›ื’</ref> ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ '''ื›ืœ''' ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื: [[ืคืกื—]], [[ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช]], ื•[[ืกื•ื›ื•ืช]]. ืžืฆื•ื” ื›ื–ื• ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ืื ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืชืจื•ืงืŸ ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ื ืงืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”<ref>ืฉื ืคืกื•ืง ื›ื“</ref>:
:"ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทื—ึฐืžึนื“ ืึดื™ืฉื ืึถืช ืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธ ื‘ึทึผืขึฒืœึนืชึฐืšึธ ืœึตืจึธืื•ึนืช ืึถืช ืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืฉึธืืœึนืฉื ืคึฐึผืขึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผืฉึธึผืื ึธื”."
ื’ื ื›ืืŸ, ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื›ืŸ ืืช ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื•, ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•, ืข"ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืœืงื™ื™ืžื”.
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ื‘[[ืชืœืžื•ื“]] [[ืžืกื›ืช ืคืกื—ื™ื]]<ref>ื“ืฃ ื— ืข"ื‘</ref> ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื–ื•, ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืž[[ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ]] ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื–ืง ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื: "ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืชื”ื ืคืจืชืš ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ืืคืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื” ืžื–ื™ืงืชื”, ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœืชืš ืžื ืงืจืช ื‘ืืฉืคื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืœื“ื” ืžื–ื™ืงืชื”". ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœ [[ื—ื–"ืœ]], ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื–ื• ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืฉื™, ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘[[ืžื“ืจืฉ]]<ref>ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” (ื•ื™ืœื ื) ืคืจืฉื” ื–</ref>: "ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ืฉืฉื›ื— ืœื ืขื•ืœ ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืขืœื” ืœืคืขืžื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ืžืฆื ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื“ืœืชื•ืชื™ื•, ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ืฉืฉื›ื— ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืขืœื” ืœืคืขืžื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืžืฆื ื”ื—ืชื•ืœื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื”ื, ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ืฉืฉื›ื— ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื›ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืขืœื” ืœืจื’ืœ, ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ืžืฆื ืืจื™ื•ืช ืžืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ืœื—ื˜ื™ื, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืคื ื—ืก ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื—ื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืžืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื•ื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืŸ ืื™ืžืชื™ ืื™ืœื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ืื™ืŸ ืกืœืงื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื•ืื ืŸ ืขืœื™ืŸ ืžืงืคื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืŸ, ืžื˜ื ื–ืžื ื ื•ืกืœืงื™ืŸ, ื–ื™ืžืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื›ื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืชื™ื”ื, ืžืŸ ื“ืืชื™ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ืคืœื’ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ืžื” ื“ืื™ื™ืชื•ืŸ ืขืžื”ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืžื’ื™ืจื™ื”ื•ืŸ, ืืžืจื•ืŸ ืœื•ืŸ ืืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืชื•ืŸ, ืืžืจื•ืŸ ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื, ืื™ืžืช ืกืœื™ืงืชื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืคืœืŸ, ื•ืื™ืžืช ืืชื™ืชื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืคืœืŸ, ืืžืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืš ืืœื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื”ื•ื“ืื™ืŸ ื“ืœื ืฉื‘ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืฉื‘ืง ื™ืชื”ื•ืŸ, ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ืŸ ืื™ืžืช ื™ืกืงื•ืŸ ืืœื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื“ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงืคื—ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืชื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืŸ, ื•ืฉืœื— ืืœื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื›ื“ืžื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื• ื ืคืงื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื• ื‘ืชื™ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืืชืจื—ื™ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื”, ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ื' ืžื” ื™ืคื• ืคืขืžื™ืš."
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===ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช===
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ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื<ref>ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืค"ื™ ื'</ref>:
:''"ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืคืœืื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื."''
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ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืจืง ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—: ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื‘[[ืชืœืžื•ื“]] ื•ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ืžื’ืœื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ืื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช (ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืžืงื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช) ืฉืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืื” ืžืคื™ ืื ื•ืฉ.
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===ื”ืกืชืจืช ืžืกืจื™ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื===
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{{ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘|ืขืจืš=[[ืฆื•ืคืŸ ื”ืชื ื›"ื™]]}}
===ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืืœื• ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืกืฃ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช===
{{ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘|ืขืจืš=[[ืžื•ื•ืช ืงืœื™ื ื™]]}}
ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื”, ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื‘ื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืคืขื•ื, ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœืคืขื•ืœืชื•. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉื ื ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”, ื•ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžื’ื•ืคื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื“ืจืš ืžื ื”ืจื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ืจืง ืจืื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ [[ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช]], ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ื’ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื”ื™ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช (ืจื™ื—ื•ืฃ ืžืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืžื ื”ืจื”, ืื•ืจ, ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื•, ื•ืขื•ื“) ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ืจื‘ ืœืžื” ืฉืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘[[ืชืœืžื•ื“]] ื•ื‘[[ื–ื•ื”ืจ]] ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘.
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื™ืฉื ื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ืข"ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื (ืขื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืžืœื ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช), ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืขืจืš [[ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื ืฉืžื•ืช]]. ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืงืœื˜ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืขืจืš [[ื›ืฃ ื”ืงืœืข#ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™]].
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===ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืชื "ืš ื”ืชื’ืฉืžื• ื‘ื“ืงื“ื•ืง===
{{ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘|ืขืจืš=[[ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•]]}}
ื‘ืชื "ืš ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•, ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื ืจื—ื‘.
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==ืจืื• ื’ื==
*[[ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”]]
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==ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื==
*[[ื”ืจื‘ ื–ืžื™ืจ ื›ื”ืŸ]], ื”ืจืฆืืช ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื [http://www.hidabroot.org/MediaDetail.asp?MediaID=882 ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื].
*[[ื”ืจื‘ ืื”ืจืŸ ืœื•ื™]], ื”ืจืฆืืช ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื [http://www.hidabroot.org/MediaDetail.asp?MediaID=10020 ื’ื ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื].
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==ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื==
<references />
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[[ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”:ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ืข]]
[[ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”:ืืžื•ื ื” ื•ืžื—ืฉื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ]]
[[ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”:ืžื‘ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช]]
[[ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื”:ืชื•ืจื”]]

ื’ืจืกื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžึพ07:58, 4 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2024

ืื—ื“ ืžื™"ื’ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืืžื•ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ืžืืช ื”ืืœืงื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”.

ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘ืžืฉื ื” (ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืง 'ื—ืœืง') ื ืืžืจ:

"ื•ืืœื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื—ืœืง ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื: ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืชื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื•ืืคื™ืงื•ืจื•ืก."

ื•ื‘ื’ืžืจื (ืฉื ืฆื˜.):

"ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ื–ื”[1] - ื–ื” ื”ืื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืžืจ: ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืคืกื•ืง ื–ื” ืฉืœื ืืžืจื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืืœื ืžืฉื” ืžืคื™ ืขืฆืžื• - ื–ื”ื• ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืืžืจ: ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื–ื”, ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื–ื”, ืžื’ื–ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ื–ื• - ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”' ื‘ื–ื”."


ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื›ื“'[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขื ื–ืืช, ื‘ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžืฆืื ื• ืžื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืขืœ ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื“' ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื•ื”ื•ืกืคื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช:

ื‘ืชื•ืจื”:

  1. ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ืž' ื‘"ื‘ ื˜ื•. ืžืฆืื ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืžื•ื ืช ื”ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” - ื”ืื ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื›ืชื‘ื.
  2. ืžืœื›ื™ ืื“ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช - ื”ื™ืฆื—ืงื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื™ื”ื•ืฉืคื˜ (ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื•-ืœื, ืืžื ื ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื™ืฆื ื ื’ื“ื• ื‘ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช, ืืš ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ืžื•ื‘ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื‘ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ืžื ื•).
  3. ื”ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื›ืชื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืžื” ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจื•ืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืกื•ื“ (ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื-ื‘). ื•ื ืœืงื• ืžืคืจืฉื™ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื•, ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืŸ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืŸ ืขืœื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืฆืคื ืช ืคืขื ื—).
  4. ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื ืœื–:, ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” (ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉืœืžื” ื—ื™"ื˜ ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉืขื“, ืืžืจื™ ื‘ื™ื ื” ื™ื˜, ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื™ื—-ื›ื‘).

ื‘ื "ืš:

  1. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืจืžื–ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืจืื‘"ืข ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืคืจืง ืž) ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจ, ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื™ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ืชื‘ื. ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื•ื ื—ื–ืงื™ื” ื•ืกื™ืขืชื•, ืฉืคืขื•ืœืชื ื ืžืฉื›ื” ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ื“ื™ื ืขื“ ืœื™ืžื™ ื’ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืœ, ื•ื”ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ืกืคืจ ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืข"ืค ืžื’ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืข"ืค ืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื ืžื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• (ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื“ืขืช ืžืงืจื ื™ืฉืขื™ื”ื• ืžื‘ื•ื ื•).
  2. ืงืจื™ ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ - ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืฉืชื™ ื’ื™ืจืกืื•ืช (ืจื“"ืง ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื™ื”ื•ืฉืข), ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ ื‘ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื• ืชื™ืงื ื• ืืช ืœืฉื•ื ื• (ืื‘ืจื‘ื ืืœ ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœื™ืจืžื™ื” ื“"ื” ืื‘ืœ).
  3. ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ (ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืชืขื ื™ืช ื™ื—:) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื "ืš ื˜ืขื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ื˜ืขื•ืช.

ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ื™ืชื ื” ืžืคื™ ื”ืืœืงื™ื. ืœื”ื“ื’ืžื” ื ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื—ืœืง ื–ืขื™ืจ ืžื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช:

ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘ืชื•ืจื”[2] ืžืชื•ืืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžืžืฆืจื™ื (600,000 ืœื‘ื“ ืžื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื) ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืืช ื”ืืœืงื™ื. ื•ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื–ื• ื ืืžืจ[3]:"ืจึทืง ื”ึดืฉึธึผืืžึถืจ ืœึฐืšึธ ื•ึผืฉึฐืืžึนืจ ื ึทืคึฐืฉึฐืืšึธ ืžึฐืึนื“ ืคึถึผืŸ ืชึดึผืฉึฐืื›ึทึผื— ืึถืช ื”ึทื“ึฐึผื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ืจึธืื•ึผ ืขึตื™ื ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึผืคึถืŸ ื™ึธืกื•ึผืจื•ึผ ืžึดืœึฐึผื‘ึธื‘ึฐืšึธ ื›ึนึผืœ ื™ึฐืžึตื™ ื—ึทื™ึถึผื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐื”ื•ึนื“ึทืขึฐืชึธึผื ืœึฐื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ ื•ึฐืœึดื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื‘ึธื ึถื™ืšึธ". ื•ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ[4]:

"ื•ื”ื ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืืžืจื• ืฉื, ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืœื ืชืขืฉื” ืฉืœื ื ืฉื›ื— ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื”ื•ื ื•ืœื ื ืกื™ืจื”ื• ืžืœื‘ื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ืฆื•ื” ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉื ื•ื“ื™ืข ื‘ื• ืœื›ืœ ื–ืจืขื ื• ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื‘ืจืื™ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืžื™ืขื”. ื•ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื“, ืฉืื ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื ืืœื™ื ื• ืžืคื™ ืžืฉื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื‘ื•ืืชื• ื ืชืืžืชื” ื‘ืื•ืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื•ืคืชื™ื ืื ื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื• ื ื‘ื™ื ืื• ื—ื•ืœื ื—ืœื•ื ื•ื™ืฆื•ื ื• ื‘ื”ืคืš ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื ืชืŸ ืืœื™ื ื• ืื•ืช ืื• ืžื•ืคืช ื™ื›ื ืก ืกืคืง ื‘ืœื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืชื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืื–ื ื™ื ื• ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ื”ืจื•ืื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืฆืขื™, ื ื›ื—ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ืœืง ื•ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืง, ื•ื ืฉืงืจ ืื•ืชื•, ืœื ื™ื•ืขื™ืœื”ื• ืื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื™ืœื”ื• ืžื•ืคืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื•, ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉืงืจื•ืชื•. ื–ื”ื• ืฉืืžืจ ืฉื[5] ื•ื’ื ื‘ืš ื™ืืžื™ื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื ืขืชื™ืง ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืžืช ื‘ืœื ืกืคืง ื›ืืœื• ืจืื•ื”ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืขื™ื“ ืฉืงืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ื ื• ื•ืœื ื ื ื—ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ. ื•ื”ื ืœื ื™ืกืชืคืงื• ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืขื“ื•ืชื ื• ืฉื ืขื™ื“ ืœื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืืžื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืจืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื ื•, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืกืคืจื ื• ืœื”ื."

ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืฉืื™ืœื• "ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื”" ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื, ืกื™ืคื•ืจื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ืื•ืžื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื ืืžืจ ืฉืื•ืชื” ืื•ืžื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื‘ืžืœื•ืื” (ืฉืฉื™ื ืจื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื›ื•'), ืฉืžืขื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืžืคื™ ื”ืืœืงื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื•ืžืกืจื• ื–ืืช ืœื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ืจ. ืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืœ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ื–ื”, ืื ืœื ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื›ืŸ ืงืจืื•.

ื”ืจื‘ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื ื•ื™ื’ืจืฉืœ ื‘ืกืคืจ "ืžืกืข ืืœ ืคืกื’ืช ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™" ืขืž' (11-47‏[6]) ืžื‘ืืจ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื•ืœืœ ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืคืจื›ืชื”ืชื‘ื ื™ืช:ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ื”ืจื”.

ืจื‘ื™ ืœื•ืจื ืก ืงืœืžืŸ ื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื›ืœ ื ืคืฉ ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืจืฆืืชื• "Rational Approach To Divine Origin of Judaism" (ืชืจื’ื•ื: "ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉืžื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช").

ื”ืจื‘ ืื•ืจื™ ืฉืจืงื™ ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ 'ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื•ื–ืจื™' ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ 365 ื‘ื ืกืคื— " ืชื•ืจื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื ". ื˜ืขื ืชื• ื”ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื–ื”ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืžืื•ืจืข ืฉืขื ืฉืœื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื”. ืฉื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืชื’ืœื” ืืœื™ื ื• ื•ืฉื™ืฆืื ื• ืžืžืฆืจื™ื ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื–ื”ื•ืชื ื•, ื•ื–ื” ืฉื›ืš ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื–ื”ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื–ื”ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืื•ืชื” ื–ื”ื•ืช.

ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ืข

ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื™ืฉื ื ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื ืœื“ืขืชื ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื• ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืช ืœื›ืš: ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืžืกื›ืช ื ื™ื“ื”[7] ื ืืžืจ: "ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืฉืงืฉืช ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื ืคื™ืจ". ื›ืœื•ืžืจ: ื›ืœ ื“ื’ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืฉืงืฉืช, ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืกื ืคื™ืจ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื—ืจื™ื• ืขื•ื“, ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ื“ื’ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื. ื‘ืจื, ื™ืฉื ื ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืกื ืคื™ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืงืฉืงืฉืช, ื•ื ืžืฆื ืฉืกื ืคื™ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœื˜ื”ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื’, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืงืฉืงืฉืช - ืื™ื ื• ื˜ื”ื•ืจ. ื•ืœืžื” ื ื–ื›ืจ "ืกื ืคื™ืจ" ื‘ืชื•ืจื”? - ืžืฉื•ื "ื™ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื™ืื“ื™ืจ", ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ืงืฉืงืฉืช ื‘ืœื ืกื ืคื™ืจ. (ืข"ื› ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“). ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืคืกื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื "ืœ, ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืฉืืฃ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื•ืžื ื• ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืžืžืขืžืงื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื•ื ื“ื’ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืกื ืคื™ืจ. ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื’ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืกื“ืจืช ื”ืกื™ื ื‘ืจื ืื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืœื ืงืฉืงืฉื™ื ื•ืœื ืกื ืคื™ืจื™ื. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื–ื•, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืืžืฆืขื™ื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื.

ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืขืจืš ืชื•ืจื” ื•ืžื“ืข, ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช.

ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืžื–ื‘ื— ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ื”ืจ ืขื™ื‘ืœ. ื”ืžืงื•ืจ: ืฆื™ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ื•ื ื˜ื•ืจื”.
ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืงืจืื™ืช


ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื:

  1. ืจืื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช: ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื”ืชื’ืœื• ืื›ืŸ ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ืช. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ื: ื ื—, ืžื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื‘ืœ, ืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื•, ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื (ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื), ืžื”ืคื›ืช ืกื“ื•ื ื•ืขืžื•ืจื”, ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ืฆื“ื™ืง, ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืฆืจื™ื,ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืงืจื™ืขืช ื™ื ืกื•ืฃ, ืžืกืขื•ืช, ื”ืจ ืกื™ื ื™, ื‘ืœืขื ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืจ, ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ืจ ืขื™ื‘ืœ, ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืจื™ื—ื•,ื›ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžืงื“ืฉ ืฉื›ื, ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืžื ื•ื—, ืฉืื•ืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืœืš, ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš, ืขืžืจื™, ืื—ืื‘ ื‘ืŸ ืขืžืจื™, ืื—ื–ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ืจื, ื™ื”ื•ืืฉ ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื–ื™ื”ื•, ืขื•ื–ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ืืžืฆื™ื”, ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื• ื‘ืŸ ืื—ื–, ืžื ืฉื” ื‘ืŸ ื—ื–ืงื™ื”ื•, ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืืกืชืจ/ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ืืจื›ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
  2. ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืจืงืข ืฉื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืงืจื: ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงืจืื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื•ืคื•ื˜ืžื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ื•ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื ืขืŸ, ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืœื”ืคืœื™ื ืขื ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช.

ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ "ืจืื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืงืจืงืข"[8]:

  • ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช[9] ื ืืžืจ "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ืึทื‘ึฐืจึธื ื”ึตืŸ ืœึดื™ ืœึนื ื ึธืชึทืชึธึผื” ื–ึธืจึทืข ื•ึฐื”ึดื ึตึผื” ื‘ึถืŸ ื‘ึตึผื™ืชึดื™ ื™ื•ึนืจึตืฉื ืึนืชึดื™. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื‘ืจื”ื ืื‘ื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืื ื™ืคื˜ืจ ืžื‘ืœื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืขื‘ื“ื• ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื™ื™ืจืฉ ืืชื•. ื•ืื›ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื™ื•ืจืฉ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื™ื” ืจื•ื•ื— ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœ ื•ื‘ื ื•ื–ื™, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืžืงื•ื[10].
  • ื•ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืจืื™ ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืžืขืจืช ื”ืžื›ืคืœื” ืข"ื™ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช[11], ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ื"ื ืกืคื™ื™ื–ืจ ืฉืžืชื•ืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช "ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืืœืคืช, ื‘ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืื‘ืจื”ื ืขื ืขืคืจื•ืŸ..." ืขื›"ืœ.
  • ื‘ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช[12] ืžืกื•ืคืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึธึผื‘ึนื ื—ึฒืžื•ึนืจ ื•ึผืฉึฐืื›ึถื ื‘ึฐึผื ื•ึน ืึถืœ ืฉึทืืขึทืจ ืขึดื™ืจึธื ื•ึทื™ึฐื“ึทื‘ึฐึผืจื•ึผ ืึถืœ ืึทื ึฐืฉึตืื™ ืขึดื™ืจึธื ืœึตืืžึนืจ". ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื”ืืกื™ืคื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืงื“ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื•ื”ืชืืกืคื•ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
  • ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“: ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช[13] ื ืืžืจ: "ื™ึทึผืขึทื‘ึฐืจื•ึผ ืึฒื ึธืฉึดืื™ื ืžึดื“ึฐื™ึธื ึดื™ื ืกึนื—ึฒืจึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืžึฐืฉึฐืื›ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึฒืœื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทื‘ึผื•ึนืจ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืžึฐื›ึฐึผืจื•ึผ ืึถืช ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ืœึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืžึฐืขึตืืœึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืขึถืฉึฐื‚ืจึดื™ื ื›ึธึผืกึถืฃ". ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืžืื” ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืœืคื ื”"ืก (ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืช), ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื—ืžื•ืจื‘ื™ (=ืขืžื•ืจื‘ื™) ื•ื‘ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืืจื™, ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื™ืจื• ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื“ 'ืขืฉืจื™ื ื›ืกืฃ'. ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื ื•ืŸ ืžืžื›ืœืœืช ื”ืจืฆื•ื’ ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš[14] ืฉืœืคื™ ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ, ืฉื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื” โ€“ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืฃ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืคื ื”"ืก - ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื›- 30 ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื•ืื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉื›ืš ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื“ ื•ื”ืืžื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช[15] โ€“ "ืึดื ืขึถื‘ึถื“ ื™ึดื’ึทึผื— ื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึนืจ [=ืื ืฉื•ืจ ื™ื’ื— ืขื‘ื“, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื“], ืื•ึน [ืื ื™ื’ื—] ืึธืžึธื”, ื›ึถึผืกึถืฃ ืฉึฐืืœึนืฉึดืื™ื ืฉึฐืืงึธืœึดื™ื ื™ึดืชึตึผืŸ [ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจ] ืœึทืื“ึนื ึธื™ื• [ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื“], ื•ึฐื”ึทืฉึผืื•ึนืจ ื™ึดืกึธึผืงึตืœ".
  • ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช[16] ื ืืžืจ: "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืœึดื™ืฉึดืื™ ื™ื•ึนื ื”ึปืœึถึผื“ึถืช ืึถืช ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ื•ึทื™ึทึผืขึทืฉื‚ ืžึดืฉึฐืืชึถึผื” ืœึฐื›ึธืœ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึธื™ื• ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึธึผื‚ื ืึถืช ืจึนืืฉื ืฉึทื‚ืจ ื”ึทืžึทึผืฉึฐืืงึดื™ื ื•ึฐืึถืช ืจึนืืฉื ืฉึทื‚ืจ ื”ึธืึนืคึดื™ื ื‘ึฐึผืชื•ึนืšึฐ ืขึฒื‘ึธื“ึธื™ื•. ื•ึทื™ึธึผืฉึถืื‘ ืึถืช ืฉึทื‚ืจ ื”ึทืžึทึผืฉึฐืืงึดื™ื ืขึทืœ ืžึทืฉึฐืืงึตื”ื•ึผ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึตึผืŸ ื”ึทื›ึผื•ึนืก ืขึทืœ ื›ึทึผืฃ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื”." ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื” ืฉืคืจืขื” "ื—ื•ื’ื’" ืืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืชื•, ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื ื•ืชืŸ ื—ื ื™ื ื” ืœืืกื™ืจื™ื[17].
  • ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช[18]: "ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื‘ึทื‘ึนึผืงึถืจ ื•ึทืชึดึผืคึธึผืขึถื ืจื•ึผื—ื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืœึทื— ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐืจึธื ืึถืช ื›ึธึผืœ ื—ึทืจึฐื˜ึปืžึตึผื™ ืžึดืฆึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืึถืช ื›ึธึผืœ ื—ึฒื›ึธืžึถื™ื”ึธ ื•ึทื™ึฐืกึทืคึตึผืจ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ืœึธื”ึถื ืึถืช ื—ึฒืœึนืžื•ึน ื•ึฐืึตื™ืŸ ืคึผื•ึนืชึตืจ ืื•ึนืชึธื ืœึฐืคึทืจึฐืขึนื”." ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ื ืชื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ืจืื• ื‘ื”ื ื ื‘ื•ืื” ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืคืืคื™ืจื•ืก "ืฆืกื˜ืจ" ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืž- 200 ืคืฉืจื™ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช[19].
  • ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช[20] ืžืชื•ืืจ ื˜ืงืก ื”ื”ื›ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื: "ื•ึทื™ึธึผืกึทืจ ืคึทึผืจึฐืขึนื” ืึถืช ื˜ึทื‘ึทึผืขึฐืชึผื•ึน ืžึตืขึทืœ ื™ึธื“ื•ึน ื•ึทื™ึดึผืชึตึผืŸ ืึนืชึธื”ึผ ืขึทืœ ื™ึทื“ ื™ื•ึนืกึตืฃ ื•ึทื™ึทึผืœึฐื‘ึตึผืฉื ืึนืชื•ึน ื‘ึดึผื’ึฐื“ึตื™ ืฉึตืืฉื ื•ึทื™ึธึผืฉึถื‚ื ืจึฐื‘ึดื“ ื”ึทื–ึธึผื”ึธื‘ ืขึทืœ ืฆึทื•ึธึผืืจื•ึน". ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื˜ืงืก ื”ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื ืชืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขืชื• "ืžืขืœ ื™ื“ื•", ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื, ืฉืคืจืขื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืžืขืœ ื›ืฃ ื”ื™ื“ ืžืžืฉ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื™ื“. ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ืช ื“"ืจ ืค. ื’ืœืคื–[21]: "ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ื™ ืžืฆืจื™. ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉืฉ. ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืฉืฉ ืžื•ืฆืื” ืžืฆืจื™. ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื” ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื‘ื•ืฅ- ื‘ื“ ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—. ืœืคื™ ื•ื•ืจื’ื•ื˜[22] ื”ืืฆื•ืœื” ื‘ืžืžืœื›ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื ื”ื’ื” ืœืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ื™ ืฉืฉ. ืคืจืขื” ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ื“ื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•ืกืฃ. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืจื™. ืคืจืขื” ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ื“ ืขืœ ืฆื•ื•ืืจื• ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื• ื”ืžืœืš ื‘ืžืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆืจื™..."
  • ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช[23] ืžืกื•ืคืจ ืขืœ "ืคึผื•ึนื˜ึดื™-ืคึถืจึทืข ื›ึนึผื”ึตืŸ ืื•ึนืŸ", ืืฉืจ ืœืคื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืคืจืขื”. ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืคืจืกื™ ืขืจื•ื“ืืก (ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื—ื™ ื›- 300 ืฉื ื” ืœืคื ื”"ืก - ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืืฆืœ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืกืžื›ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“)[24], ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื "ืื•ืŸ", ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉ ื›ื‘ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื–ืจื” ืจืง ืœื›ืžืจื™ื ื”ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืคืจืขื”. ื”ื•ื ืžื ื” ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืžืจื™ื, ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืฉืžื• "ืคื•ื˜ืคืขืจื", ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืื•ืŸ.
  • ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื™ืช "ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื "ืš"[25]: "ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื˜ืงืกื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืžืœืš, ื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืš, ื”ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ, ื•ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉื - ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉืื•ืชื• ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืช ืื™ืจื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื” ื•ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ืžืœื›ื•ืชื”... ื—ื ื™ื˜ืช ื’ื•ืคื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื™ืขืงื‘ ื•ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืงืคืช ืžื ื”ื’ ืžืฆืจื™ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขื™ื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื™, ืฉื”ื™ื•ื• ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื".
  • ื‘ืžืงืจืื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœ"ื›ื•ืก ืคืจืขื”"[26], ื•ืœ"ื’ื‘ื™ืข ื™ื•ืกืฃ"[27]. ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื“ื•ื˜ื•ืก[28] ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืœื›ืœ ืžืฆืจื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ื•ืก ืื™ืฉื™ืช, ื›ื•ืก ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื–ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื•ืก ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื–ื•[29].

ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช. ื•ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืœื˜: ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขื ืฉืœื, ืฉืจื•ื‘ื• ื—ืงืœืื™ื, ื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืื ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช? ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื• ืžืขืœื” ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื[30]:

"ื•ึฐื›ึดื™ ืชึนืืžึฐืจื•ึผ ืžึทื” ื ึนึผืื›ึทืœ ื‘ึทึผืฉึธึผืื ึธื” ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืื‘ึดื™ืขึดืช, ื”ึตืŸ ืœึนื ื ึดื–ึฐืจึธืข ื•ึฐืœึนื ื ึถืึฑืกึนืฃ ืึถืช ืชึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืึธืชึตื ื•ึผ? ื•ึฐืฆึดื•ึดึผื™ืชึดื™ ืึถืช ื‘ึดึผืจึฐื›ึธืชึดื™ ืœึธื›ึถื ื‘ึทึผืฉึธึผืื ึธื” ื”ึทืฉึดึผืืฉึดึผืื™ืช, ื•ึฐืขึธืฉึธื‚ืช ืึถืช ื”ึทืชึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืึธื” ืœึดืฉึฐืืœึนืฉื ื”ึทืฉึธึผืื ึดื™ื [ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืชืกืคื™ืง ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ืช ืขืฆืžื”, ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื•ื’ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืžื™ื ื™ืช]. ื•ึผื–ึฐืจึทืขึฐืชึถึผื ืึตืช ื”ึทืฉึธึผืื ึธื” ื”ึทืฉึฐึผืืžึดื™ื ึดืช ื•ึทืึฒื›ึทืœึฐืชึถึผื ืžึดืŸ ื”ึทืชึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืึธื” ื™ึธืฉึธืืŸ, ืขึทื“ ื”ึทืฉึธึผืื ึธื” ื”ึทืชึฐึผืฉึดืื™ืขึดืช ืขึทื“ ื‘ึผื•ึนื ืชึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืึธืชึธื”ึผ ืชึนึผืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ื™ึธืฉึธืืŸ."

ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืกืคืจื•, ืžืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช: ื) ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืฉืฉื™ืช, ืื ืœื ืชืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืชื•, ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจ, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืœืš ืœื˜ืžื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘) ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื ืฉืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืคืจ, ืฉืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืฆื•ืงื” ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืชื‘ื•ืื”.

[ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืฆื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืจื“, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืชื™ื•, ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื›ืŸ ื”ื ืก ื—ื–ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืœ ืฉื ืช ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงื“ืฉ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื• ืฉืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืืžืจื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื”].

ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืœื™ื” ืœืจื’ืœ[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืžืžืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื”, ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืชื•ืจื”:

ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื‘ืกืคืจ ืฉืžื•ืช[31] ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื: ืคืกื—, ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ื•ืกื•ื›ื•ืช. ืžืฆื•ื” ื›ื–ื• ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ืื ื›ืœ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืชืจื•ืงืŸ ืžื’ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ื ืงืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืขืžื™ื ื”ืื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ื ื‘ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ื”ืชื•ืจื”[32]:

"ื•ึฐืœึนื ื™ึทื—ึฐืžึนื“ ืึดื™ืฉื ืึถืช ืึทืจึฐืฆึฐืšึธ ื‘ึทึผืขึฒืœึนืชึฐืšึธ ืœึตืจึธืื•ึนืช ืึถืช ืคึฐึผื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึถื™ืšึธ ืฉึธืืœึนืฉื ืคึฐึผืขึธืžึดื™ื ื‘ึทึผืฉึธึผืื ึธื”."

ื’ื ื›ืืŸ, ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื›ืŸ ืืช ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืกืคืจื•, ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื•, ืข"ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืœืงื™ื™ืžื”.


ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ืžืกื›ืช ืคืกื—ื™ื[33] ื™ืฉื ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื–ื•, ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื–ืง ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื: "ืžืœืžื“ ืฉืชื”ื ืคืจืชืš ืจื•ืขื” ื‘ืืคืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื” ืžื–ื™ืงืชื”, ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœืชืš ืžื ืงืจืช ื‘ืืฉืคื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืœื“ื” ืžื–ื™ืงืชื”". ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื—ื–"ืœ, ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื” ื–ื• ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื—ืฉื™, ื•ื›ืš ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื“ืจืฉ[34]: "ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ืฉืฉื›ื— ืœื ืขื•ืœ ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืขืœื” ืœืคืขืžื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ืžืฆื ื”ื ื—ืฉ ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ื“ืœืชื•ืชื™ื•, ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ืฉืฉื›ื— ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืชืจื ื’ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืขืœื” ืœืคืขืžื™ ืจื’ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืžืฆื ื”ื—ืชื•ืœื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจืขื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ื”ื, ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืื—ื“ ืฉืฉื›ื— ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื›ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื• ื•ืขืœื” ืœืจื’ืœ, ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื ืžืฆื ืืจื™ื•ืช ืžืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ืœื—ื˜ื™ื, ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ืคื ื—ืก ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื—ื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืจืขื™ื ืžืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื•ื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืŸ ืื™ืžืชื™ ืื™ืœื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ืื™ืŸ ืกืœืงื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆืœื™ื™ื”, ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื•ืื ืŸ ืขืœื™ืŸ ืžืงืคื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืชื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืŸ, ืžื˜ื ื–ืžื ื ื•ืกืœืงื™ืŸ, ื–ื™ืžืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื›ื“ืžื•ืชืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื• ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืชื™ื”ื, ืžืŸ ื“ืืชื™ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ืคืœื’ื™ืŸ ืžืŸ ืžื” ื“ืื™ื™ืชื•ืŸ ืขืžื”ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ืžื’ื™ืจื™ื”ื•ืŸ, ืืžืจื•ืŸ ืœื•ืŸ ืืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืชื•ืŸ, ืืžืจื•ืŸ ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื, ืื™ืžืช ืกืœื™ืงืชื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืคืœืŸ, ื•ืื™ืžืช ืืชื™ืชื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืคืœืŸ, ืืžืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืš ืืœื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื”ื•ื“ืื™ืŸ ื“ืœื ืฉื‘ืงื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืฉื‘ืง ื™ืชื”ื•ืŸ, ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ืŸ ืื™ืžืช ื™ืกืงื•ืŸ ืืœื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื•ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืฆืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื ื“ืื™ื ื•ืŸ ืขืœื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงืคื—ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืชื™ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ืจื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืŸ, ื•ืฉืœื— ืืœื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืžืœืื›ื™ื ื›ื“ืžื•ืชื”ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื• ื ืคืงื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื• ื‘ืชื™ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื“ืืชืจื—ื™ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื”, ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื” ืฉื ื' ืžื” ื™ืคื• ืคืขืžื™ืš."

ื—ื›ืžื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื[35]:

"ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ืคืœืื™ื ืœืžื™ ืฉืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื."

ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืจืง ื”ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื—: ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืœืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ืžื’ืœื™ื ื—ื›ืžื” ืื“ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช (ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ืžืงื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช) ืฉืœื ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืฆืื” ืžืคื™ ืื ื•ืฉ.

ื”ืกืชืจืช ืžืกืจื™ื ื‘ืคืกื•ืงื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืฆื•ืคืŸ ื”ืชื ื›"ื™

ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืืœื• ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ืช ืกืฃ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ืžื•ื•ืช ืงืœื™ื ื™

ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื”, ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื‘ื ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืคืขื•ื, ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืœื‘ ืœืคืขื•ืœืชื•. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉื ื ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”, ื•ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžื’ื•ืคื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื“ืจืš ืžื ื”ืจื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ืจืง ืจืื™ื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ืืœื ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ื’ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื”ื™ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช (ืจื™ื—ื•ืฃ ืžืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืžื ื”ืจื”, ืื•ืจ, ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื•, ื•ืขื•ื“) ืชื•ืืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ืจื‘ ืœืžื” ืฉืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื–ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืจื—ื‘.

ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš ื™ืฉื ื ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ื•ืช, ืข"ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื (ืขื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืžืœื ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช), ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื’ืœื’ื•ืœ ื ืฉืžื•ืช. ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื’ื ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืงืœื˜ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื›ืฃ ื”ืงืœืข#ืจื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ืขื™.

ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืชื "ืš ื”ืชื’ืฉืžื• ื‘ื“ืงื“ื•ืง[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืขืจืš ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ - ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•

ื‘ืชื "ืš ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื–"ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื‘ืขืœ ืคื”, ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ืžืื•ืช ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื’ืฉืžื•, ื ื‘ื•ืื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ ืขืค"ื™ ื”ืฉืขืจื” ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช. ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ื ืจื—ื‘.

ืจืื• ื’ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

  1. โ†‘ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•, ืœื.
  2. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ืคืจืง ื›, ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื ืขื“ ื™ื˜
  3. โ†‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื“ ื˜
  4. โ†‘ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืฉื
  5. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ื™ื˜ ื˜
  6. โ†‘ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ื™ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช.
  7. โ†‘ ื“ืฃ ื "ื ืข"ื‘
  8. โ†‘ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืืžืจ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจ, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืžืืžืจืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืื“ืžื”.
  9. โ†‘ ืคืจืง ื˜ื•
  10. โ†‘ ื™.ืž. ื’ืจื™ื ืฅ ื‘ืกืคืจื• ื™ื—ื•ื“ื• ื•ืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชืฉืž"ื’), ื•ืฉื ื‘ืขืž' 64-51 ืžื‘ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืจืื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช
  11. โ†‘ ืคืจืง ื›ื’
  12. โ†‘ ืคืจืง ืœื“
  13. โ†‘ ืœื–, ื›ื—
  14. โ†‘ "ืขืœ ืืชืจ" ืขืž' 53
  15. โ†‘ ื›ื, ืœื‘
  16. โ†‘ ืคืจืง ืž, ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื› - ื›ื
  17. โ†‘ ืคื ื™ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืงืจื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืž' 103
  18. โ†‘ ืžื ื—
  19. โ†‘ ืกืคืจ "ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืืช ืžืฆืจื™ื", ืžืืช ื“ื•ื“ ืืœื•ืŸ, ืขืž 17
  20. โ†‘ ืคืจืง ืžื ืคืกื•ืง ืžื‘
  21. โ†‘ "ื”ื—ืฆืจื ื™ื"
  22. โ†‘ Vergote 1959: 116-124
  23. โ†‘ ืคืจืง ืžื ืคืกื•ืง ื 
  24. โ†‘ "ืฆืคื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื", ืขืž 81
  25. โ†‘ ืขืžื•ื“ 207
  26. โ†‘ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืž
  27. โ†‘ ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžื“
  28. โ†‘ ืฉื—ื™ ื‘ืžืื” ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” (425-484 ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื”). ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื•ื ื” "ืื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”".
  29. โ†‘ ืงื•ื‘ื™ ืžืจื•ื–, ื”ื™ืชื•ืš ื›ืจื•ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ - ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื
  30. โ†‘ ื•ื™ืงืจื ืคืจืง ื›ื”, ืคืกื•ืงื™ื ื›-ื›ื‘
  31. โ†‘ ืœื“ ื›ื’
  32. โ†‘ ืฉื ืคืกื•ืง ื›ื“
  33. โ†‘ ื“ืฃ ื— ืข"ื‘
  34. โ†‘ ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื” (ื•ื™ืœื ื) ืคืจืฉื” ื–
  35. โ†‘ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืกื ื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ ืค"ื™ ื'