ืืชืจื•ื’: ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื‘ื“ืฃ

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ืž (ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืžืงื•ืจ)
ืฉื•ืจื” 2: ืฉื•ืจื” 2:
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'''ืืชืจื•ื’''' ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืž[[ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื]] ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช (ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ - ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื) ื‘[[ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช]]. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ึผืœึฐืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึธื›ึถื ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ, ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ืขึตืฅ ื”ึธื“ึธืจ ื›ึผึทืคึผึนืช ืชึผึฐืžึธืจึดื™ื, ื•ึทืขึฒื ึทืฃ ืขึตืฅ-ืขึธื‘ึนืช, ื•ึฐืขึทืจึฐื‘ึตื™-ื ึธื—ึทืœ; ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืžึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื, ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื--ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื" {{ืžืงื•ืจ|ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›"ื’-ืž'}}. '''ืคืจื™ ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืจ''' ื”ื•ื ื”ืืชืจื•ื’.
'''ืืชืจื•ื’''' ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืž[[ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื]] ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช (ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ - ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื) ื‘[[ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช]]. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ึผืœึฐืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึธื›ึถื ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ, ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ืขึตืฅ ื”ึธื“ึธืจ ื›ึผึทืคึผึนืช ืชึผึฐืžึธืจึดื™ื, ื•ึทืขึฒื ึทืฃ ืขึตืฅ-ืขึธื‘ึนืช, ื•ึฐืขึทืจึฐื‘ึตื™-ื ึธื—ึทืœ; ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืžึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื, ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื--ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื" {{ืžืงื•ืจ|(ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›"ื’-ืž')}}. '''ืคืจื™ ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืจ''' ื”ื•ื ื”ืืชืจื•ื’.


ื”[[ืจืžื‘"ื]] ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘[[ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื]] : "ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืืจื‘ืขืช ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื (ื”ื‘ืขื” ืฉืœ) ืฉื‚ืžื—ื” ื•ื—ื“ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื ืžื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ืžืงื•ื ื–ืจืข ื•ืชืื ื” ื•ื’ืคืŸ ื•ืจึดืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืช (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›', 5) ืืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื™ ืคืจื™ ื•ื ื”ืจื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื ืœืงื—ื•, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืึดื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื–ืืช, ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื, ื•(ื”ืฆืžื—) ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื, ื•(ื”ืฆืžื—) ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื’ื ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ืœ. ย 
ื”[[ืจืžื‘"ื]] ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘[[ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื]] : "ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืืจื‘ืขืช ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื (ื”ื‘ืขื” ืฉืœ) ืฉื‚ืžื—ื” ื•ื—ื“ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื ืžื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ืžืงื•ื ื–ืจืข ื•ืชืื ื” ื•ื’ืคืŸ ื•ืจึดืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืช (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›', 5) ืืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื™ ืคืจื™ ื•ื ื”ืจื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื ืœืงื—ื•, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืึดื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื–ืืช, ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื, ื•(ื”ืฆืžื—) ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื, ื•(ื”ืฆืžื—) ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื’ื ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ืœ. ย 


ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื”ืื—ื“, ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื‚ื’ ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“. ื”ืฉื ื™, ืฉื”ื ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืจืื” ื•ืจืขื ื ื™ื, ื•ื—ืœืงื - ืืชืจื•ื’ ื•ื”ื“ืก - ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืจื™ื— ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืœืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ืœืขืจื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื— ืจืข ื•ืœื ื ื™ื—ื•ื—. ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžืชืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืขื ื ื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืืคืจืกืงื™ื, ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื—ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื, ืื’ืกื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ื."{{ืžืงื•ืจ|ื—"ื’,ืž"ื’}} [http://press.tau.ac.il/perplexed/chapters/chap_3_43.htm ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜]]
ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื”ืื—ื“, ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื‚ื’ ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“. ื”ืฉื ื™, ืฉื”ื ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืจืื” ื•ืจืขื ื ื™ื, ื•ื—ืœืงื - ืืชืจื•ื’ ื•ื”ื“ืก - ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืจื™ื— ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืœืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ืœืขืจื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื— ืจืข ื•ืœื ื ื™ื—ื•ื—. ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžืชืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืขื ื ื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืืคืจืกืงื™ื, ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื—ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื, ืื’ืกื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ื."{{ืžืงื•ืจ|(ื—"ื’,ืž"ื’)}} [http://press.tau.ac.il/perplexed/chapters/chap_3_43.htm ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜]]




ืฉื•ืจื” 58: ืฉื•ืจื” 58:
[[ืชืžื•ื ื”:Barkokhba-silver-tetradrachm.jpg|left|thumb|250px|ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžื™ืžื™ [[ืžืจื“ ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื]], ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜: JUDAEA, Bar Kochba Revolt. 132-135 CE. AR Sela โ€“ Tetradrachm (28mm, 14.07 g, 11h). Undated issue (year 3 - 134/5 CE). Temple facade, the Ark of the Covenant within; star above / Lulav with etrog. Mildenberg 85.12 (O127/R44ยด); Meshorer 233; Hendin 711. Near EF, toned, light deposits - ื”ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฆื™ืœื: CNG]]
[[ืชืžื•ื ื”:Barkokhba-silver-tetradrachm.jpg|left|thumb|250px|ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžื™ืžื™ [[ืžืจื“ ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื]], ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜: JUDAEA, Bar Kochba Revolt. 132-135 CE. AR Sela โ€“ Tetradrachm (28mm, 14.07 g, 11h). Undated issue (year 3 - 134/5 CE). Temple facade, the Ark of the Covenant within; star above / Lulav with etrog. Mildenberg 85.12 (O127/R44ยด); Meshorer 233; Hendin 711. Near EF, toned, light deposits - ื”ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฆื™ืœื: CNG]]


ืขืœื™ื• ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ "ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืคืจื™ ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”: {{ืžืงื•ืจ|ืจื™"ื ื”ืœื•ื™ ืขืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ}}
ืขืœื™ื• ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ "ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืคืจื™ ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”: {{ืžืงื•ืจ|(ืจื™"ื ื”ืœื•ื™ ืขืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ)}}


ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืœื ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื: "ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœืžืขืŸ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ" ืžื•ืฆื’ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื• ื ืืžืจ : "ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœืžืขืŸ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืืžืฆื™ื”ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืจืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืฉืจื’ื ืžืฉื™ื ืื•ื•ื ื ื”ื’ ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœ "ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื" ืžืฆืื ื– ื•ื‘ื™ืจืš ืขืœ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื, ืžืคืจื“ืกื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื ื˜ืœ ื’ื ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช, ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืœืง ื’ื ืžืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื ื™ืžืฆื ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืคื’ื•ื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืกืคืงื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื. ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื’ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืœื–ื ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืืช ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ย 
ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืœื ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื: "ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœืžืขืŸ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ" ืžื•ืฆื’ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื• ื ืืžืจ : "ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœืžืขืŸ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืืžืฆื™ื”ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืจืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืฉืจื’ื ืžืฉื™ื ืื•ื•ื ื ื”ื’ ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœ "ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื" ืžืฆืื ื– ื•ื‘ื™ืจืš ืขืœ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื, ืžืคืจื“ืกื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื ื˜ืœ ื’ื ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช, ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืœืง ื’ื ืžืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื ื™ืžืฆื ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืคื’ื•ื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืกืคืงื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื. ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื’ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืœื–ื ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืืช ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ย 

ื’ืจืกื” ืžึพ15:39, 8 ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2009
ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ - ื”ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ - ืฆื™ืœื:CitricAsset

ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช (ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ - ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื) ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง "ื•ึผืœึฐืงึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื ืœึธื›ึถื ื‘ึผึทื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึธืจึดืืฉืื•ึนืŸ, ืคึผึฐืจึดื™ ืขึตืฅ ื”ึธื“ึธืจ ื›ึผึทืคึผึนืช ืชึผึฐืžึธืจึดื™ื, ื•ึทืขึฒื ึทืฃ ืขึตืฅ-ืขึธื‘ึนืช, ื•ึฐืขึทืจึฐื‘ึตื™-ื ึธื—ึทืœ; ื•ึผืฉื‚ึฐืžึทื—ึฐืชึผึถื, ืœึดืคึฐื ึตื™ ื”' ืึฑืœึนื”ึตื™ื›ึถื--ืฉืึดื‘ึฐืขึทืช ื™ึธืžึดื™ื" (ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›"ื’-ืž'). ืคืจื™ ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืชืจื•ื’.

ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืงื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ื‘ืžื•ืจื” ื ื‘ื•ื›ื™ื : "ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืœื™ ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืืจื‘ืขืช ืžื™ื ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืœื•ืœื‘ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื (ื”ื‘ืขื” ืฉืœ) ืฉื‚ืžื—ื” ื•ื—ื“ื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืืชื ืžื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ืžืงื•ื ื–ืจืข ื•ืชืื ื” ื•ื’ืคืŸ ื•ืจึดืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืชื•ืช (ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื›', 5) ืืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืขืฆื™ ืคืจื™ ื•ื ื”ืจื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื ืœืงื—ื•, ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืึดื–ื›ื•ืจ ืœื–ืืช, ื”ืคืจื™ ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื, ื•(ื”ืฆืžื—) ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ื— ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื, ื•(ื”ืฆืžื—) ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื ื”ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื’ื ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืขืจื‘ื™ ื ื—ืœ.

ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: ื”ืื—ื“, ืฉื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื ื” ื•ื”ื ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื‚ื’ ื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“. ื”ืฉื ื™, ืฉื”ื ื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืจืื” ื•ืจืขื ื ื™ื, ื•ื—ืœืงื - ืืชืจื•ื’ ื•ื”ื“ืก - ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืจื™ื— ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื‘ืœ ืœืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ืœืขืจื‘ื” ืื™ืŸ ืจื™ื— ืจืข ื•ืœื ื ื™ื—ื•ื—. ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžืชืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืขื ื ื•ืชื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืืคืจืกืงื™ื, ืจื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื—ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื, ืื’ืกื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื”ื."(ื—"ื’,ืž"ื’) ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜]


ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’

ืฉื•ืง ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื•ืœื‘ื™ื - ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฆื™ืœื:Thomazzo

ืœืคื™ ืžืจืœืŸ-ืื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื’ืจื™ื ืคื˜ืจ ืžืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืืคื•ืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก ื‘ืืชืจ ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื "ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื ื• ื“ืจืš ืžืฆืจื™ื ืžื“ืจื•ื ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืžื™ ืงื“ื. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืฆื™ื’ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจ. ืขืœ-ืคื™ ื”ืื’ื“ื”, ืœืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื“ืก ืฉืœ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืคืจืกื™ืช - ืชื•ึผืจื•ึผื ื’โ€™. ื‘ืืจืžื™ืช, ื”ืฉื ืืชืจื•ื’ ื‘ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืจื’ื’, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื”ื“ืจ ื•ื ืขื™ื ืœืžืจืื”. ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืคืจื™ ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืขืช ื‘ื’ืŸ ื”ืขื“ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืืชืจื•ื’.

ืขื•ื“ ืžืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืืชืจ: "ื‘ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื Citrus Medica, ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืขืฅ ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื•ืžืคื•ื ืง. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ืžืืฉืจื™ ื›ืฉืจื•ืชื•, ืœื”ื›ื ืกืชื• ืœืกื•ื›ื” ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ื”, ื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื”ืฉืงื™ื” ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื—ืก ืื™ืฉื™. ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื–ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื, ืืฃ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืžืขืœ ืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ื–ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื–ืŸ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™, ืขืกื™ืกื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ืงืœื™ืคื” ื“ืงื” ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืืชืจื•ื’ ืชื™ืžื ื™, ื‘ืขืœ ืงืœื™ืคื” ืขื‘ื” ื•ืžืขื˜ ืžื™ืฅ, ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžืื›ืœ.

ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืขืฅ ื—ืœืฉ ื•ืงืฉื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื ืคื•ืฅ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ืขืœ ืขื ืฃ ืขืฅ ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ืื• ืชืคื•ื–, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื–ื ื™ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื. ืืš ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืกืคืง ื‘ื›ืฉืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืืชืจื•ื’, ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ืžื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืขื ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืจ ืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื’ ื”ืกื•ื›ื•ืช.

ื”ืืชืจ ืขื•ื“ ืžืชืืจ ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื›ืฆืžื— ืžืจืคื. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื›ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœืขืงื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื™ืฅ ืฉืœื• ืžื—ื–ืงืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžื‘ืจื™ืื” ืื•ืชื. ื•ื›ืŸ, ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ื—.

ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื

ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืžืจื•ืงืื™ - ื”ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฆื™ืœื:CitricAsset

ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ื”ืจื‘ ื“"ืจ ืืจื™ ื–ื™ื‘ื•ื˜ืคืกืงื™, ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืœื—ืงืจ ื”ืžื— ื•ื“ืจ ืืจื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืกืคืŸ, ืจื•ืคื ืฉื™ื ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืงืจ ืฆืžื—ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืงืจืื™ื™ื, ืกืงืจื• ืืช ืืจื‘ืขืช ืžื™ื ื™ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ [1]. ื”ื ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœื ื•, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืกื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืขืœ-ืคื”:

  • ืืชืจื•ื’ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™
  • ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžืจื•ืงืื™
  • ืืชืจื•ื’ ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™ - ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ืžืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช "ืงืœื‘ืจื™ื”" ื•"ืกื™ืฆื™ืœื™ื”" ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”
  • ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืชื™ืžื ื™

ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืžืจื•ืงืื™

ืœื“ืขืชื, ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ืคืœื™ืงืก, ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื” ืœืฆืžื—ื™ ืชื "ืš, ื‘ื“ืขื” ื›ื™ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžืจื•ืงืื™ ื”ื’ื“ืœ ื‘"ื”ืจื™ ื”ืื˜ืœืก". ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžืœื ืžื™ืฅ ื•ื˜ืขืžื• ื›ื˜ืขื ื”ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื”. ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืœ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ื•"ื—ื“ืจื™ ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื" ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื ื“ืจืฉ. ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฆื˜ื˜ื™ื ืืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืงืœื•ื’ืจ ืžื‘ืจื•ื“ื™, ืžืฉื ืช 1891, ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื›ื™ ืื‘ื™ื•, ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœืžื” ืงืœื•ื’ืจ,ืคื•ืกืง ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•"ืช "ื”ืืœืฃ ืœืš ืฉืœืžื”" ื ื”ื’ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื.

ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืชื™ืžื ื™

ื‘ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืชื™ืžื ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ื™ื. ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื—ืœืœื™ื ืงื˜ื ื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืชื™ืื•ืจ "ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื–ืจืข" ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“. ื”ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ ืžืžื“ื™ื, ืœืœื ืžื™ืฅ ื•ื‘ืฉืจื ืขื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.

ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ืกืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื ืืžืจ: "ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืฉืžื• ืฉื›ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืจื›ื”, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืคืงืคื•ืง, ืฉืžื”ื•ืชื• ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžื™ืฅ. ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืกืจื• ืœื™ ืฉื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™"ืฉ ืืžืจ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ, "ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืฉืจ ืžืืชืจื•ื’ ืชื™ืžื ื™".ืžืขืœืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืชื™ืžื ื™.

ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืืชืจ ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ืฉืืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช: ื”ืื ื‘ื ื™ ืง"ืง ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื ื•ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืืชืจื•ื’ ืชื™ืžื ื™ ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืกื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ื“ื?

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” : ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืคืงืคื•ืง, ื•ื–ื”ื• ื’ื ื›ืŸ ื“ืขืช ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืื™"ืฉ ืฉื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืฉืืœื” ื'. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืื—ื“ ืžืจืืฉื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜"ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ืžื‘ืจื™ืกืง ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืชื™ืžื ื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื ื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ืจื‘"ืฆ ืื‘ื ืฉืื•ืœ ื–ืฆ"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืจืง ืืชืจื•ื’ ืชื™ืžื ื™, ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืชื™ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืฉื˜ ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ืืฆืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื™ืจืื™ ื”' ืžื›ืœ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืกืคืจื“ื™ื ื•ืืฉื›ื ื–ื™ื.

ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืชื™ืžื ื™, ื“ืŸ ื”ืืชืจ: ืžื“ื•ืข ืื™ืŸ ืœืืชืจื•ื’ ืชื™ืžื ื™ ืคื™ื˜ืžื ื›ืฉืืจ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื?

ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืคื˜ืžื ื ื•ืฉืจืช ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ืงื˜ืŸ, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ืกื™ืžืŸ ืชืจืž"ื— ืก"ื– ืฉืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืกื•ืœ ื›ืฉื ืฉืจื” ื”ืคื˜ืžื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ื‘ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ, ื•ื–"ืœ: ืื‘ืœ ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื“ื“ ืžืขื•ืœื ื›ืฉืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืืœื• (ื”ืจื"ืฉ). ื•ื‘ืžืฉื "ื‘ ืก"ืง ืœ"ื‘ ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–"ืœ: ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชืŸ ื•ื–ื”ื• ื“ืจืš ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื ื—ืกืจื™ื ืื• ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื”ื“ืจ.

ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืื™ื˜ืœืงื™

ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืืฆืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘"ื“. ืœืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืฅ, ื˜ืขื ื›ืœื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืงืœื™ืคื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื™ืงืจื™ื. ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ืจืง ื‘ืขืฆื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืจืง ื‘ืฉืชื™ืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืชื›ื•ื ืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื ืขื‘ืจ ืœืขืฆื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื - ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื‘ืขืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืชื™ืœื™ื ืžื–ืจืขื™ื. ื–ืจืขื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ืื‘ืงื• ืžืขืฆื™ ืคืจื™ ื”ื“ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื.

ืืชืจ ื‘ื™ืช ืžืฉื™ื— ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื—ืกื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘โ€ื“ ื”ืžืงืคื™ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืืชืจื•ื’ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ืžืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื. ืœื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืงืข ื•ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื”. ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืžืกื›ืช ื”ืชืœืื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืขื ืฃ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื”, ื•ืขืœ ืืœื” ืฉโ€ื”ื™ื’ืจื•โ€ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืœื›ืคืจ ื—ื‘โ€ื“ . ื”ืจื‘ื™ ืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืงืœื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืจื˜ ื•ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืขืชื, ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ื—ื ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืื“ืžืช ื›ืคืจ ื—ื‘โ€ื“.

ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™

ืœื•ืœื‘ ื•ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžื™ืžื™ ืžืจื“ ื‘ืจ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ื, ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜: JUDAEA, Bar Kochba Revolt. 132-135 CE. AR Sela โ€“ Tetradrachm (28mm, 14.07 g, 11h). Undated issue (year 3 - 134/5 CE). Temple facade, the Ark of the Covenant within; star above / Lulav with etrog. Mildenberg 85.12 (O127/R44ยด); Meshorer 233; Hendin 711. Near EF, toned, light deposits - ื”ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฆื™ืœื: CNG

ืขืœื™ื• ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ "ืื›ื™ืœื” ืžืคืจื™ ืืจืฆื ื• ื”ืงื“ื•ืฉื”: (ืจื™"ื ื”ืœื•ื™ ืขืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ)

ื‘ืžืืžืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืœื ื“ื•ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื: "ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœืžืขืŸ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ" ืžื•ืฆื’ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื• ื ืืžืจ : "ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœืžืขืŸ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืจืฉืื™ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืืžืฆื™ื”ื ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืจืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื—ื–ืงืืœ ืฉืจื’ื ืžืฉื™ื ืื•ื•ื ื ื”ื’ ืืžื ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืขืœ "ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื™ื™ื" ืžืฆืื ื– ื•ื‘ื™ืจืš ืขืœ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื, ืžืคืจื“ืกื™ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื ื˜ืœ ื’ื ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช, ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืชื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืœืง ื’ื ืžืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืื“ืžื•"ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ืจื•ื–ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื ื™ืžืฆื ืืชืจื•ื’ ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืคื’ื•ื, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืกืคืงื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื. ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ื• ื’ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืœื–ื ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœื‘ืจื›ื” ืืช ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื” ื”ื™ื–ืžื” ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ืฆื‘ื•ืจ. ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœืช ื‘ื•ื˜ืฉืื˜ืฉ ืœืžืฉืœ ื˜ืขืŸ ืจื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืจื ื“ืืชืจื ืฉืžืฆื“ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื•ืœื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื•ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืœื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.

ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ืžืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื’ื•ืœื” ืืžืฆืขื™ ืงืฉืจ ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœื”. ื•ื”"ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื" ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืื™ื”ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืœื’ื‘ืื™ื”ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ืืจืฆื™-ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ืžื”ื•ื“ืจื™ื."

ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’

ื”ืจื‘ ื™ื’ืืœ ื”ื“ื™ืื” ืžืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืืจืฅ ื“ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื’ื“ืœืช ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘:

ืฉืืœืช ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื’ื“ืœืช ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ - ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื: ืคืกื•ืœื™ ืžืจืื•ืช ื•ืคืกื•ืœื™ ื—ืกืจ. * ืคืกื•ืœื™ ืžืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ? ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืจืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืขื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ื˜ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืืชืจื•ื’, ืฉืฆื‘ืขืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืื• ืœื‘ืŸ (ืžืจืื” ืคืกื•ืœ) - ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืžื’ื“ืœืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืจืื” ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ืžื• - ื‘ื›ืœืฉื”ื•? ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ืจืื•ืช ืœืขื™ื ื™ื ื• ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช (ืฆื‘ืข ื›ืฉืจ), ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ื”ืžื’ื“ืœืช?

  • ืคืกื•ืœื™ ื—ืกืจ ื›ื™ืฆื“? ืืชืจื•ื’ ืฉื ื™ืงื‘ ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ืžืžื ื•, ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืกืœ ื‘ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื”ืื ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉื ืจืื” ืจืง ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืœื” ืคื•ืกืœ ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’? ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืงื‘ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ืžื—ืžืช ืงื•ืฆื™ื, ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื ืงืจื ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉืจ ื‘ื›ื•ืœื• (ืจืž"ื ืกื™' ืชืจืžื— ืกืขื™' ื‘), ื”ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื’ื“ืœืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ืจืจ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ืงื‘ ื”ื’ืœื™ื“, ื•ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืœื‘ืจืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื’ืœื™ื“ ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืœืคืกื•ืœ?

ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืกื›ื: "ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืืชืจื•ื’ ื‘ืจืื™ื” ืฉื˜ื—ื™ืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืจืื”, ื•ื‘ืจืื™ื” ืขื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื ืงื‘ ื•ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ ืืš ืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื’ื“ืœืช. ืื ื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ืฉืžื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื—ื™ืกืจื•ืŸ, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืข"ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื’ื“ืœืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืจืื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ื” ืœืจืื™ื™ืช ื—ื“ื™ ื”ืจืื•ืช."

  • ืืชืจื•ื’ ื‘ื—ื™ืง ื”ื˜ื‘ืข - ื”ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฆื™ืœื: Shoteh

    ืืชืจื•ื’ ื‘ื—ื™ืง ื”ื˜ื‘ืข - ื”ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฆื™ืœื: Shoteh

  • ืืชืจื•ื’ ืชื™ืžื ื™ - ื”ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฆื™ืœื:BlackDot

    ืืชืจื•ื’ ืชื™ืžื ื™ - ื”ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฆื™ืœื:BlackDot

  • "ืืชืจื•ื’ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช" - ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• - ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• - ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฆื™ืœื:wonderferret

    "ืืชืจื•ื’ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช" - ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• - ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• - ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ, ืฆื™ืœื:wonderferret

ืืชืจื•ื’ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช

ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ื”ืจื‘ ื“"ืจ ืืจื™ ื–ื™ื‘ื•ื˜ืคืกืงื™, ื•ื“ืจ ืืจื™ ื’ืจื™ื ืกืคืŸ, ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื : "ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืคื ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืœืจื‘ ืขื‘ื“ืืœืœื” ืกื•ืžืš ืžื—ื‘ืจ "ื–ื‘ื—ื™ ืฆื“ืง" ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ืืœื”. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื• ื”ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉ ื—ื™ ืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื›ืฉืจื™ื. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืกื•ืจืช ื•ืื™ื ื ืขื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ื”ืœื›ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ ืขืฅ ื”ื“ืจ".

ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืจื—ื• ืื ืฉื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ืžื™ืจ ืžื”ื ืืฆื™ื ืžืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืกื™ืŸ. ืฉื ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืŸ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช.

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื

  1. โ†‘ ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช, 10 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2008.

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื

  • ื‘ืฆืœืืœ ืœื ื“ื•ื™, ื”ืžืื‘ืง ืœืžืขืŸ ืืชืจื•ื’ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ, ืžืชื•ืš: ืžื—ื ื™ื™ื, ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื ' ืชืฉื›"ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื“ืขืช
ืื•ื—ื–ืจ ืžืชื•ืš "https://www.yeshiva.org.il/wiki/index.php?title=ืืชืจื•ื’&oldid=26347"