ืชืœ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ: ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื‘ื“ืฃ

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ืื™ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ืจ ืขืจื™ื›ื”
ย 
ืž (ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช:ืžืงื•ืจ)
ย 
(9 ื’ืจืกืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ 4 ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช)
ืฉื•ืจื” 7: ืฉื•ืจื” 7:


ืชืœ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœย  ืžืฉืžืจ ืืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืจืช [[ืžืžืœื›ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ]] ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ืžืœืš ืื—ืื‘ ื‘ืžืื” ื”-9
ืชืœ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœย  ืžืฉืžืจ ืืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืจืช [[ืžืžืœื›ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ]] ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ืžืœืš ืื—ืื‘ ื‘ืžืื” ื”-9
ืœืคื ื”"ืก. ื”ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘[[ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข]] ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช [[ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื]], ืฉื ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ [[ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ]]: {{ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ|ืœึฐื™ึดืฉึทึผื‚ืฉื›ึธืจ ื™ึธืฆึธื ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนืจึธืœ ื”ึธืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™...ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื’ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืœึธื ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœึธื”...|ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื™"ื˜,ืคืก' ื™"ื–-ื™"ื˜}}. ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืืจื›ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืช. ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื” ื—ืจืกื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืืฃ ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช. โ€โ€<ref>โ€ืฆื‘ื™ ืื™ืœืŸ ืขืž' 93โ€</ref>
ืœืคื ื”"ืก. ื”ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘[[ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข]] ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช [[ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื]], ืฉื ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ [[ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ]]: "ืœึฐื™ึดืฉึทึผื‚ืฉื›ึธืจ ื™ึธืฆึธื ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนืจึธืœ ื”ึธืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™...ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื’ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืœึธื ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœึธื”". {{ืžืงื•ืจ|[[ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข]] ื™"ื˜, ื™"ื–-ื™"ื˜|ื›ืŸ}}. ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืืจื›ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืช. ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื” ื—ืจืกื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืืฃ ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช. โ€โ€<ref>โ€ืฆื‘ื™ ืื™ืœืŸ ืขืž' 93โ€</ref>


ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื” ืืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื• ืœืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘[[ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื]]: ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐื‘ึฐึผืฆื•ึผ ืคึฐืœึดืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ื ืึถืช-ื›ึธึผืœ-ืžึทื—ึฒื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืึฒืคึตืงึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื—ึนื ึดื™ื ื‘ึธึผืขึทื™ึดืŸ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึฐึผื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ" {{ืžืงื•ืจ|(ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื', ื›"ื˜, ืœ')}}
ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื” ืืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื• ืœืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘[[ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื]]: {{ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ|ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐื‘ึฐึผืฆื•ึผ ืคึฐืœึดืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ื ืึถืช-ื›ึธึผืœ-ืžึทื—ึฒื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืึฒืคึตืงึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื—ึนื ึดื™ื ื‘ึธึผืขึทื™ึดืŸ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึฐึผื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ|ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื', ื›"ื˜, ืœ'}}


[[ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจ]] ื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœืžืœืš ืขืœ :" ื•ึทื™ึทึผืžึฐืœึดื›ึตื”ื•ึผ ืึถืœ-ื”ึทื’ึดึผืœึฐืขึธื“ ื•ึฐืึถืœ-ื”ึธืึฒืฉืื•ึผืจึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถืœ-ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ-ืึถืคึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ-ื‘ึดึผื ึฐื™ึธืžึดืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึปึผืœึนึผื”" {{ืžืงื•ืจ|(ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘', ื‘'.ื˜')}}.
[[ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจ]] ื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœืžืœืš ืขืœ :{{ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืŸ|ื•ึทื™ึทึผืžึฐืœึดื›ึตื”ื•ึผ ืึถืœ-ื”ึทื’ึดึผืœึฐืขึธื“ ื•ึฐืึถืœ-ื”ึธืึฒืฉืื•ึผืจึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถืœ-ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ-ืึถืคึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ-ื‘ึดึผื ึฐื™ึธืžึดืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึปึผืœึนึผื”|ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘', ื‘',ื˜'}}.


ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื“ืœื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืงื‘ ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืชื” ืœืฆื•ืžืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”: ืžื“ืจื•ื ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ [[ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ]] ื•ืžืžืขืจื‘ย  ืขื‘ืจื” [[ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื]] . ืžืžื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื’ื“ืœื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื• ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ [[ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš]]. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืชื” ื ืงืจื ื”"ืขืžืง" ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ืฉืžื”.
ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื“ืœื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืงื‘ ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืชื” ืœืฆื•ืžืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”: ืžื“ืจื•ื ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ [[ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ]] ื•ืžืžืขืจื‘ย  ืขื‘ืจื” [[ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื]] . ืžืžื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื’ื“ืœื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื• ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ [[ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš]]. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืชื” ื ืงืจื ื”"ืขืžืง" ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ืฉืžื”.
ืฉื•ืจื” 23: ืฉื•ืจื” 23:
ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ [[ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื ื‘ื™ื]] ืžื ื‘ื: "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึตืœึธื™ื•, ืงึฐืจึธื ืฉึฐืืžื•ึน ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ:ย  ื›ึดึผื™-ืขื•ึนื“ ืžึฐืขึทื˜, ื•ึผืคึธืงึทื“ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช-ื“ึฐึผืžึตื™ ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ ืขึทืœ-ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึตื”ื•ึผื, ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉึฐืื‘ึทึผืชึดึผื™, ืžึทืžึฐืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื”, ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื; ื•ึฐืฉึธืื‘ึทืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช-ืงึถืฉึถืืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ, ื‘ึฐึผืขึตืžึถืง ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ.(ื',ื“'-ื”'). ืคืจืฉืŸ ื”ืชื "ืš [[ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื]] ืžืคืจืฉ:'''ื“ืžื™ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ''' - " ื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ืื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืœื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื, ื’ื ื™ื”ื•ืื—ื– ื‘ื ื• ื•ื™ื”ื•ืืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื•, ื’ื ื–ื” ื™ืจื‘ืขื ื’ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื‘ื ื•, ื›ื•ืœื ืขืฉื• ื”ืจืข ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”' ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘".
ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ [[ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื ื‘ื™ื]] ืžื ื‘ื: "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึตืœึธื™ื•, ืงึฐืจึธื ืฉึฐืืžื•ึน ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ:ย  ื›ึดึผื™-ืขื•ึนื“ ืžึฐืขึทื˜, ื•ึผืคึธืงึทื“ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช-ื“ึฐึผืžึตื™ ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ ืขึทืœ-ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึตื”ื•ึผื, ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉึฐืื‘ึทึผืชึดึผื™, ืžึทืžึฐืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื”, ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื; ื•ึฐืฉึธืื‘ึทืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช-ืงึถืฉึถืืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ, ื‘ึฐึผืขึตืžึถืง ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ.(ื',ื“'-ื”'). ืคืจืฉืŸ ื”ืชื "ืš [[ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื]] ืžืคืจืฉ:'''ื“ืžื™ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ''' - " ื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ืื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืœื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื, ื’ื ื™ื”ื•ืื—ื– ื‘ื ื• ื•ื™ื”ื•ืืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื•, ื’ื ื–ื” ื™ืจื‘ืขื ื’ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื‘ื ื•, ื›ื•ืœื ืขืฉื• ื”ืจืข ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”' ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘".


ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื—ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช [[722 ืœืคื ื”"ืก]] ื‘ื™ื“ื™ [[ืฉืœืžื ืืกืจ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™]] ืžืœืš [[ืืฉื•ืจ]], ืืš ื ื‘ื ืชื” ื•ืื•ื›ืœืกื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘[[ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ืœื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช|ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ืœื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช]].
ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื—ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 722 ืœืคื ื”"ืก ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœืžื ืืกืจ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืžืœืš [[ืืฉื•ืจ]], ืืš ื ื‘ื ืชื” ื•ืื•ื›ืœืกื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ืœื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช]].


==ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช==
==ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช==


[[ืฆื‘ื™ ืื™ืœืŸ]] ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืœืงื˜ ืฉืš ืชืื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื. [[ืื•ืกื‘ื™ื•ืก ืžืงื™ืกืจื™ื”]] ืฉื—ื™ ื”ืžืื” ื”-4 ื›ืชื‘:"ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืคืจ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœื” ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืืŸ ื•ืœืœื’ื™ื• (ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื’ื™ื“ื•) ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ. [[ื”ื ื•ืกืข ืžื‘ื•ืจื“ื•]], ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 333 ื•ืงืจื ืœื” "ืกื˜ื“ืœื”" - ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ืขืžืง ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ Esderlon ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื—ื ื™ื™ื” 10 ืžื™ืœ ืžืœื’ื™ื• ื•-12 ืžื™ืœ ืž"ืกืงื™ืชื•ืคื•ืœื™ืก" ื”ื™ื [[ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืืŸ]]. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ืจืš [[ืื‘ืŸ ืžื™ืœ|ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœ]] ืื—ื“ื•ืช.
ืฆื‘ื™ ืื™ืœืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืœืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืชืื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื. ืื•ืกื‘ื™ื•ืก ืžืงื™ืกืจื™ื”,, ืฉืขืจืš ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ,ย  ืฉื—ื™ ื”ืžืื” ื”-4 ื›ืชื‘: "ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืคืจ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœื” ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืืŸ ื•ืœืœื’ื™ื• (ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื’ื™ื“ื•) ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ. "ื”ื ื•ืกืข ืžื‘ื•ืจื“ื•", ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 333 ื•ืงืจื ืœื” "ืกื˜ื“ืœื”" - ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ืขืžืง ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ Esderlon ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื—ื ื™ื™ื” 10 ืžื™ืœ ืžืœื’ื™ื• ื•-12 ืžื™ืœ ืž"ืกืงื™ืชื•ืคื•ืœื™ืก" ื”ื™ื [[ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืืŸ]]. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ืจืš "ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœ" ืื—ื“ื•ืช.


[[ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ื“ืœื”]] ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืช [[1170]] ื•ืžืฆื ื‘ื• [[ื™ืฉื•ื‘]] ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื‘ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื—ื“, ืฆื‘ืข. [[ืืฉืชื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื—ื™]], ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-14 ื›ืชื‘:"ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืืŸ, ืœืžืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืขื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื•ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœื” ื–ืจืขื™ืŸ... ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื—ื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื".
[[ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ื“ืœื”]] ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1170 ื•ืžืฆื ื‘ื• [[ื™ืฉื•ื‘]] ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื‘ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื—ื“, ืฆื‘ืข. [[ืืฉืชื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื—ื™]], ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-14 ื›ืชื‘:"ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืืŸ, ืœืžืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืขื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื•ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœื” ื–ืจืขื™ืŸ... ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื—ื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื".


ื‘ืžืื” ื”-17 ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืข ืจื•ื’'ื”, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื‘ื” 150 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, "ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ื“". ื ื•ืกืข ืื—ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1677 ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื. ื ื•ืกืข ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืื•ืคืœื˜ืงื” ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1876 ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื“ื“ย  ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืฆื™ืœื• ืžื™ื™ื“ื. ย 
ื‘ืžืื” ื”-17 ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืข ืจื•ื’'ื”, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” 150 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, "ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ื“". ื ื•ืกืข ืื—ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1677 ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื. ื ื•ืกืข ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืื•ืคืœื˜ืงื” ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1876 ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื“ื“ย  ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืฆื™ืœื• ืžื™ื™ื“ื. ย 


ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืงืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื›ืคืจ, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”[[ืฉื™ื™ื—]] ืืš ื’ื [[ืื›ืกื ื™ื”|ืื›ืกื ื™ืช]] ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืงืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื›ืคืจ, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”"ืฉื™ื™ื—" ืืš ื’ื ืื›ืกื ื™ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื.


==ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”==
==ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”==
ืฉื•ืจื” 39: ืฉื•ืจื” 39:
ืืชืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื’ืืœ ืืœื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘: "ืื‘ืจื”ื™ื ืคื—ื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘-1830 ืœื™ื“ ื”ืชืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืœื—ื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื–ืจืขื™ืŸ, ืฉืฉืœื˜ ื‘ืคืจื•ืฅ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ".
ืืชืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื’ืืœ ืืœื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘: "ืื‘ืจื”ื™ื ืคื—ื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘-1830 ืœื™ื“ ื”ืชืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืœื—ื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื–ืจืขื™ืŸ, ืฉืฉืœื˜ ื‘ืคืจื•ืฅ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ".


ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื™ืคืชื— ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืคืจ, ื ื›ืฉืœ. ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”[[ืคืœืž"ื—]] ืœื‘ื™ืŸ "[[ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ืฆืœื”]]".ย  ืจืง ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ 29 ื‘ืžืื™ 1948 ื ื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ื›ืคืจย  ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช [[ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื’ื•ืœื ื™]] .
ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื™ืคืชื— ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืคืจ, ื ื›ืฉืœ. ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืœืž"ื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ "ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ืฆืœื”".ย  ืจืง ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ 29 ื‘ืžืื™ 1948 ื ื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ื›ืคืจย  ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื’ื•ืœื ื™ .


ืžืžืขืจื‘ ืœืชืœ ืขืœืชื” ืœื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 1948 ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ืคืœืž"ื— ืฉืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื–ืจืขื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืืช ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ. ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืงื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื ื“ืจื˜ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ืฉื ืคืœื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืงืžื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืคืจ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ื•[[ืžืขื‘ืจืช ื–ืจืขื™ืŸ]].
ืžืžืขืจื‘ ืœืชืœ ืขืœืชื” ืœื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 1948 ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ืคืœืž"ื— ืฉืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื–ืจืขื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืืช ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ. ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืงื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื ื“ืจื˜ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ืฉื ืคืœื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืงืžื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืคืจ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจืช ื–ืจืขื™ืŸ.


==ื—ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจื›ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช==
==ื—ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจื›ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช==
ืฉื•ืจื” 53: ืฉื•ืจื” 53:
*[http://www.bet-alon.co.il/info/site_details.php?site_id=413 ืชืœ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ], ื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื’ืืœ ืืœื•ืŸ
*[http://www.bet-alon.co.il/info/site_details.php?site_id=413 ืชืœ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ], ื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื’ืืœ ืืœื•ืŸ
*[http://www.megalim.co.il/inner.asp?category_code=6&object_id=7285 ืชืœ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ], ื‘ืืชืจ "ืžื’ืœื™ื"
*[http://www.megalim.co.il/inner.asp?category_code=6&object_id=7285 ืชืœ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ], ื‘ืืชืจ "ืžื’ืœื™ื"
ย 
*[http://www.ynet.co.il/Ext/Comp/ArticleLayout/CdaArticlePrintPreview/1,2506,L-3383472,00.html ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื] - YNET


== ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ==
== ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื ==

ื’ืจืกื” ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžึพ12:05, 5 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2012

ืชืœ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ื”ื™ื ื• ืชืœ ืงื“ื•ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื—ื‘ืœ ืืจืฅ ืขืžืง ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ืžื“ืจื•ื ืœืขืคื•ืœื”, ื”ืชืœ ืžื–ื•ื”ื” ืขื ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ ื”ืžืงืจืื™ืช.

ื”ืชืœ ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืชืฆืคื™ืช ืžืงืกื™ืžื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ื” ืืœ ืขืžืง ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™, ื•ื ื—ืœ ื—ืจื•ื“ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื•, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื“ืจื•ื, ืจืžืช ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื•ื’ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื’ืœืขื“ ื‘ืžื–ืจื—. ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืชืœ ืฉื•ื—ื–ืจ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื• "ื’ืŸ ื ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื–ืจืขืืœื™" ื‘ื‘ื•ืกืชืŸ ืขื ืง ืฉืœ ืขืฆื™ ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. [1]

ืชืœ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืžื•ืช ืื™ื–ื‘ืœ - ืชื—ืจื™ื˜:ื’ื•ืกื˜ื‘ ื“ื•ืจื - ื”ืžืงื•ืจ:ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ:Brandmeister

ืชืœ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ืžืฉืžืจ ืืช ืฉืจื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืจืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืฉื•ืฉืœืช ื”ืžืœืš ืื—ืื‘ ื‘ืžืื” ื”-9 ืœืคื ื”"ืก. ื”ืื–ื›ื•ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื, ืฉื ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื˜ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ: "ืœึฐื™ึดืฉึทึผื‚ืฉื›ึธืจ ื™ึธืฆึธื ื”ึทื’ึผื•ึนืจึธืœ ื”ึธืจึฐื‘ึดื™ืขึดื™...ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื’ึฐึผื‘ื•ึผืœึธื ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœึธื”". ([[ืกืคืจ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข]] ื™"ื˜, ื™"ื–-ื™"ื˜). ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืืจื›ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื—ืœื•ืช. ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื” ื—ืจืกื™ื ืžืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ืืฃ ืœื ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื”ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช. โ€โ€[2]

ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืžืขืžื“ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืจื• ื‘ื” ืืช ื‘ืกื™ืกื• ืœืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื: "ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐื‘ึฐึผืฆื•ึผ ืคึฐืœึดืฉึฐืืชึดึผื™ื ืึถืช-ื›ึธึผืœ-ืžึทื—ึฒื ึตื™ื”ึถื ืึฒืคึตืงึธื” ื•ึฐื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื—ึนื ึดื™ื ื‘ึธึผืขึทื™ึดืŸ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึฐึผื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ" (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื', ื›"ื˜, ืœ')

ืื‘ื ืจ ื‘ืŸ ื ืจ ื”ืžืœื™ืš ืืช ืื™ืฉ ื‘ื•ืฉืช ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื•ืœ ืœืžืœืš ืขืœ :"ื•ึทื™ึทึผืžึฐืœึดื›ึตื”ื•ึผ ืึถืœ-ื”ึทื’ึดึผืœึฐืขึธื“ ื•ึฐืึถืœ-ื”ึธืึฒืฉืื•ึผืจึดื™ ื•ึฐืึถืœ-ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ-ืึถืคึฐืจึทื™ึดื ื•ึฐืขึทืœ-ื‘ึดึผื ึฐื™ึธืžึดืŸ ื•ึฐืขึทืœ-ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ ื›ึปึผืœึนึผื”" (ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘', ื‘',ื˜').

ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืžืœื›ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื’ื“ืœื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืงื‘ ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืชื” ืœืฆื•ืžืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”: ืžื“ืจื•ื ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ืžืžืขืจื‘ ืขื‘ืจื” ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื . ืžืžื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื’ื“ืœื• ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื• ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืžืœืš. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืชื” ื ืงืจื ื”"ืขืžืง" ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ืฉืžื”.

ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืืจืžื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ื‘ื” ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื‘ื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžืงืจื:"ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ืึทื—ึทืจ ื”ึทื“ึฐึผื‘ึธืจึดื™ื ื”ึธืึตืœึถึผื” ื›ึถึผืจึถื ื”ึธื™ึธื” ืœึฐื ึธื‘ื•ึนืช ื”ึทื™ึดึผื–ึฐืจึฐืขึตืืœึดื™ ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื‘ึฐึผื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ ืึตืฆึถืœ ื”ึตื™ื›ึทืœ ืึทื—ึฐืึธื‘ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืฉึนืืžึฐืจื•ึนืŸ" (ื',ื›"ื,ื'). ื”ืขื•ื ืฉ ืœืื™ื–ื‘ืœ ืžืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš: "ื•ึฐื’ึทื-ืœึฐืึดื™ื–ึถื‘ึถืœ ื“ึดึผื‘ึถึผืจ ื”' ืœึตืืžึนืจ ื”ึทื›ึฐึผืœึธื‘ึดื™ื ื™ึนืื›ึฐืœื•ึผ ืึถืช-ืึดื™ื–ึถื‘ึถืœ ื‘ึฐึผื—ึตืœ ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ(ื›"ื’)

ื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื™ืžืฉื” ืžืงื•ื ื ื— ืœื”ื‘ืจืื”, ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ืžืฉื”ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื” ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื•ื‘ื ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืœื›ื™ื: "ื•ึทื™ึธึผืฉึธืื‘ื™ื•ึนืจึธื ื”ึทืžึถึผืœึถืšึฐ ืœึฐื”ึดืชึฐืจึทืคึตึผื ื‘ึฐื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ ืžึดืŸ-ื”ึทืžึทึผื›ึดึผื™ื ืึฒืฉึถืืจ ื™ึทื›ึปึผื”ื•ึผ ืึฒืจึทืžึดึผื™ื ื‘ึธึผืจึธืžึธื” ื‘ึฐึผื”ึดืœึธึผื—ึฒืžื•ึน ืึถืช-ื—ึฒื–ึธื”ืึตืœ ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ืึฒืจึธื ื•ึทืึฒื—ึทื–ึฐื™ึธื”ื•ึผ ื‘ึถืŸ-ื™ึฐื”ื•ึนืจึธื ืžึถืœึถืšึฐ ื™ึฐื”ื•ึผื“ึธื” ื™ึธืจึทื“ ืœึดืจึฐืื•ึนืช ืึถืช-ื™ื•ึนืจึธื ื‘ึถึผืŸ-ืึทื—ึฐืึธื‘ ื‘ึฐึผื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ ื›ึดึผื™-ื—ึนืœึถื” ื”ื•ึผื" (ื‘',ื—',ื™"ื˜).

ื‘ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ื‘ืื” ืœืกื™ื•ืžื” ื’ื ืฉืœืฉืœืช ืื—ืื‘ ื”ืžืœืš:"ื•ึทื™ึดึผื›ึฐืชึนึผื‘ ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ืกึตืคึถืจ ืฉึตืื ึดื™ืช ืœึตืืžึนืจ ืึดื-ืœึดื™ ืึทืชึถึผื ื•ึผืœึฐืงึนืœึดื™ ืึทืชึถึผื ืฉึนืืžึฐืขึดื™ื ืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืึถืช-ืจึธืืฉึตืื™ ืึทื ึฐืฉึตืื™ ื‘ึฐื ึตื™-ืึฒื“ึนื ึตื™ื›ึถื ื•ึผื‘ึนืื•ึผ ืึตืœึทื™ ื›ึธึผืขึตืช ืžึธื—ึธืจ ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœึธื” ื•ึผื‘ึฐื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึถึผืœึถืšึฐ ืฉึดืื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืึดื™ืฉื ืึถืช-ื’ึฐึผื“ึนืœึตื™ ื”ึธืขึดื™ืจ ืžึฐื’ึทื“ึฐึผืœึดื™ื ืื•ึนืชึธื: ื– ื•ึทื™ึฐื”ึดื™ ื›ึฐึผื‘ึนื ื”ึทืกึตึผืคึถืจ ืึฒืœึตื™ื”ึถื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืงึฐื—ื•ึผ ืึถืช-ื‘ึฐึผื ึตื™ ื”ึทืžึถึผืœึถืšึฐ ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืื—ึฒื˜ื•ึผ ืฉึดืื‘ึฐืขึดื™ื ืึดื™ืฉื ื•ึทื™ึธึผืฉึดื‚ื™ืžื•ึผ ืึถืช-ืจึธืืฉึตืื™ื”ึถื ื‘ึทึผื“ึผื•ึผื“ึดื™ื ื•ึทื™ึดึผืฉึฐืืœึฐื—ื•ึผ ืึตืœึธื™ื• ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœึธื”: (ื‘',ื™',ื™"ื–)

ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืœืš ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ืฉืข ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ืžื ื‘ื: "ื•ึทื™ึนึผืืžึถืจ ื”' ืึตืœึธื™ื•, ืงึฐืจึธื ืฉึฐืืžื•ึน ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ: ื›ึดึผื™-ืขื•ึนื“ ืžึฐืขึทื˜, ื•ึผืคึธืงึทื“ึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช-ื“ึฐึผืžึตื™ ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ ืขึทืœ-ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึตื”ื•ึผื, ื•ึฐื”ึดืฉึฐืื‘ึทึผืชึดึผื™, ืžึทืžึฐืœึฐื›ื•ึผืช ื‘ึตึผื™ืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ. ื•ึฐื”ึธื™ึธื”, ื‘ึทึผื™ึผื•ึนื ื”ึทื”ื•ึผื; ื•ึฐืฉึธืื‘ึทืจึฐืชึดึผื™ ืึถืช-ืงึถืฉึถืืช ื™ึดืฉึฐื‚ืจึธืึตืœ, ื‘ึฐึผืขึตืžึถืง ื™ึดื–ึฐืจึฐืขึถืืœ.(ื',ื“'-ื”'). ืคืจืฉืŸ ื”ืชื "ืš ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ืžืคืจืฉ:ื“ืžื™ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ - " ื”ื ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ืื‘ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ืžืœื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉื, ื’ื ื™ื”ื•ืื—ื– ื‘ื ื• ื•ื™ื”ื•ืืฉ ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื ื•, ื’ื ื–ื” ื™ืจื‘ืขื ื’ื ื–ื›ืจื™ื” ื‘ื ื•, ื›ื•ืœื ืขืฉื• ื”ืจืข ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื”' ื›ื™ ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘".

ื”ืขื™ืจ ื ื—ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 722 ืœืคื ื”"ืก ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœืžื ืืกืจ ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืžืœืš ืืฉื•ืจ, ืืš ื ื‘ื ืชื” ื•ืื•ื›ืœืกื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื”ืœื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช]].

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืฆื‘ื™ ืื™ืœืŸ ืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื• ืœืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืชืื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื. ืื•ืกื‘ื™ื•ืก ืžืงื™ืกืจื™ื”,, ืฉืขืจืš ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื—ื™ ื”ืžืื” ื”-4 ื›ืชื‘: "ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ืคืจ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœื” ื‘ืขืžืง ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืืŸ ื•ืœืœื’ื™ื• (ื”ื™ื•ื ืžื’ื™ื“ื•) ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ. "ื”ื ื•ืกืข ืžื‘ื•ืจื“ื•", ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 333 ื•ืงืจื ืœื” "ืกื˜ื“ืœื”" - ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื”ืฉื ืฉืœ ืขืžืง ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ Esderlon ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื—ื ื™ื™ื” 10 ืžื™ืœ ืžืœื’ื™ื• ื•-12 ืžื™ืœ ืž"ืกืงื™ืชื•ืคื•ืœื™ืก" ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืืŸ. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื“ืจืš "ืื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืœ" ืื—ื“ื•ืช.

ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ื“ืœื” ืฉื‘ื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1170 ื•ืžืฆื ื‘ื• ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื‘ื• ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื—ื“, ืฆื‘ืข. ืืฉืชื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื—ื™, ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ืžืื” ื”-14 ื›ืชื‘:"ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืืŸ, ืœืžืขืจื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืฉืจ ื›ืฉืขื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื™ื ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื•ืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ืœื” ื–ืจืขื™ืŸ... ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื” ื—ื ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ืฉืื•ืœ ื‘ืคืœื™ืฉืชื™ื".

ื‘ืžืื” ื”-17 ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืข ืจื•ื’'ื”, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” 150 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื, "ืืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ื“". ื ื•ืกืข ืื—ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 1677 ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื. ื ื•ืกืข ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืจื‘ื™ ืจื—ืžื™ื ืื•ืคืœื˜ืงื” ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1876 ื”ื•ื ื ืฉื“ื“ ื•ื”ืงื‘"ื” ื”ืฆื™ืœื• ืžื™ื™ื“ื.

ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืงืฉืชื•ืช ื‘ื›ืคืจ, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”"ืฉื™ื™ื—" ืืš ื’ื ืื›ืกื ื™ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื.

ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืืชืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื’ืืœ ืืœื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘: "ืื‘ืจื”ื™ื ืคื—ื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘-1830 ืœื™ื“ ื”ืชืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืœื—ื™ื ืžืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื–ืจืขื™ืŸ, ืฉืฉืœื˜ ื‘ืคืจื•ืฅ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืจ".

ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื™ืคืชื— ืœื›ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืคืจ, ื ื›ืฉืœ. ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืงื“ ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคืœืž"ื— ืœื‘ื™ืŸ "ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ืฆืœื”". ืจืง ื‘ื ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ื™ 29 ื‘ืžืื™ 1948 ื ื›ื‘ืฉ ื”ื›ืคืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื’ื•ืœื ื™ .

ืžืžืขืจื‘ ืœืชืœ ืขืœืชื” ืœื”ืชื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 1948 ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ืคืœืž"ื— ืฉืœื—ืžื” ื‘ื–ืจืขื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืืช ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ. ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืงื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื ื“ืจื˜ื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ืฉื ืคืœื• ื‘ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืงืžื• ืขืœ ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืคืจ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ื•ืžืขื‘ืจืช ื–ืจืขื™ืŸ.

ื—ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจื›ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘ื—ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืืจื›ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ืืชืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื ื—ืฉืฃ ืžืชื—ื ืžื‘ื•ืฆืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื“ื™ื ืžื”ืžืื” ื”-9 ืœืคื ื”"ืก ืฉืœืคื™ ื“ืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืœื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืขืžืจื™. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืชื’ืœื• ืžืขืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช. ื›ืŸ ืžื ืฆื ื‘ื• ืืจื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืจื”, ืขื ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ืžื”ืžืื” ื”-3 ืœืคื ื”"ืก, ื›ืš ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื–ื›ืจืช ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื•ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“.

ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

  • ืฆื‘ื™ ืื™ืœืŸ, 78 ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“ - ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš - ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, 1977 - ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ื”ืงื“ื•ืžื”

ืงื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

  1. โ†‘ ืžืืชืจ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื’ืœื‘ื•ืข
  2. โ†‘ โ€ืฆื‘ื™ ืื™ืœืŸ ืขืž' 93โ€
ืื•ื—ื–ืจ ืžืชื•ืš "https://www.yeshiva.org.il/wiki/index.php?title=ืชืœ_ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ&oldid=76042"