ืงื ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

๏ปฟืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกื•ื’ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืคืฅ, ื”ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื•ื”ืžืงื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื—ืคืฅ.

ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ. ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื "ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื“ืจ", ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื—ืคืฅ ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืงื ื” - ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ืžืงื ื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ื—ืคืฅ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื” - ืœืฉื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืงื ืื”. ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื•ื” ืคืจื•ื˜ื”. ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื“"ื› ื‘ืกื•ื“ืจ. ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื“ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช. ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื• (ืžื“ืจืฉ ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ืฃ ืงื”ืœืช, ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื• ื“"ื” ื•ืขื•ื“).

ืฆื•ืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืงืจื "ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื”". ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืคืจื” ื‘ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืื• ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืžืŸ, ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฉืš ืื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ื”, ื•ื ืฉืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืš ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื ืงื ื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ืื—ืจ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืฉื” ืฉื•ื ืžืขืฉื” ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืกืชื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœ"ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื“ืจ" ื•ื‘ื• ืขื•ืกืง ืขืจืš ื–ื”. ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืจืื” ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื”.

ืฉืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ: "ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื“ืจ" (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื’. ื“"ื” ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ), "ืงื ื• ืžื™ื“ื•" (ืชื•ืก' ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื”: ื“"ื” ืžืชื ืช), "ืงื ื• ืžื™ื ื™ื”" (ืชื•ืก' ื ื“ืจื™ื ื›ื–: ื“"ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื), ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื ืกืชื "ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ" (ืชื•ืก' ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื”. ื“"ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•, ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”-ื”).

ื•ื‘ื˜ืขื ืฉื ืงืจื ืกืชื "ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ" ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” (ื—ื•"ืž ืงืฆ-ื) ืฉืชื™ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ืงื ื™ื™ื ื (ืืžื ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื’. ืื•ืช ื’ (ืขืœ ื”ื“ืฃ) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื•ืช ื•ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ), ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื–ื” ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื’ื ืžืงื ื” ื•ื’ื ืงื•ื ื”, ืฉืœื ื›ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื—ื“ ืจืง ืžืงื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืจืง ืงื•ื ื”.

ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจืงืขื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื.

ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืžื”, ื ื•ื”ืœืื”.


ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื•[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืœืžื“ ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง "ืœืงื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ ื ืขืœื•" ("ื•ื–ืืช ืœืคื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ ื ืขืœื• ื•ื ืชืŸ ืœืจืขื”ื•" (ืจื•ืช ื“-ื–): "ืขืœ ื”ื’ืื•ืœื”" - ื–ื• ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื” ื”ืื ื”ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ืžืฉื™ื›ื”, "ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื”" - ืืœื• ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื”, "ืœืงื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœืฃ ืื™ืฉ ื ืขืœื•" - ื–ื”ื• ืกื•ื“ืจ) (ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืžื–. ื“"ื” ื’ืื•ืœื”, ืจืฉื‘"ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›ื— ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ืช).

ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืคืกื•ืง:

  1. ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื‘, ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš)[1] (ืฉืœื•-ื™ื‘, ืืจืขื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืชืงืคื‘ (ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“ ื—"ื‘ ืขืžื•ื“ 406 ื“"ื” ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ)).
  2. ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ (ืจื“ื‘"ื– ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืชืงื’, ื•ื”ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ื ืฉืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื“ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื•ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืงื ื” (ื›ื–-ื” ื“"ื” ืื) ื•ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื (ื—"ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืงืž) ื“ื ื• ื”ืื ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืื• ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ).
  3. ืžื ื”ื’ (ื“ื‘ืจ ืื‘ืจื”ื ื—"ื ื).

ื‘ื˜ืขืžื• ื—ืงืจื• ื”ืื ืงื•ื ื” ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืื• ืฉืงื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ืขืฉื” ืืช ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื›ื”) ืฉื—ื‘ื™ืจื• ืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ืคืฅ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืคืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื™ื›ื”. ื•ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ืื ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืงื ื” ืืช ื”ืคืจื” ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ืกื•ื“ืจ, ืื• ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืฉืš ืืช ื”ืคืจื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืงื ื” ืื•ืชื” (ืจื•ื— ืืœื™ื”ื• ื˜).

ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ (ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื: ืชืžื•ืจื”, ืจืฉื•ืช, ืจืื™ื” ืœื’ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื“ืขืช, ื•ื”ืคื’ื ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช[2]) ื—ืงืจื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืื ื ืชื™ื ืช ื”ืกื•ื“ืจ ื”ื™ื ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื ืงื ื” (ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ), ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืœื’ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื“ืขืช (ืžื ื—ืช ืืฉืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืžื‘. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืขืžื•ื“ ื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™: ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ื—ืคืฅ). ื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื—ืงืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื—"ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืฉื˜, ื•ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื—"ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืงืžื’) ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืชืžื•ืจื” ืื• ืžืขืฉื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืžืงื ื” ื’ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื“ืขืช.

ื•ื›ืŸ ื—ืงืจื• ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืคืจื“ (ืคืจื™ ืžืฉื” ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื-ื‘, ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืกื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื“, ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื—"ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืงืžื. ืชื•ืก' ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื’. ื“"ื” ื•ืืฉื” ื•ืจืฉื‘"ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›ื”: ื“"ื” ืืžืจ ืื‘ื™ื™: ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•. ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžืœืš ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘-ื: ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ. ืชื•ืก' ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื˜: ื“"ื” ืžืฉื•ื: ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื›ืกืฃ, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืงื ื” ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื ืงื ื” ื’ื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืืฉื”).

ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื• ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ื”ื‘ืจื›ืช ืื‘ืจื”ื (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืงื ื‘ื“ืคื™ื•) ืฉื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื›ืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืฉืฉืืจ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ (ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ), ืืš ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืžืจ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ื”ืงื•ื ื” (ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืงืจื "ืœืงื™ื™ื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ" - ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืกื™ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.

ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉืืœื” ืื™ื ื ื ืงื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ (ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืค"ื ืœื). ื•ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ (ืงืฆื”-ื™ื—) ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืงืจืงืข, ืืš ืžื˜ืœื˜ืœื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืคื—ืชื™ื ื”ื ื›ืžื›ื™ืจื”, ื•ื ืงื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ. ื•ื”ืจื™ื‘"ื” (ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื—ื•"ืž ืงืฆื”) ื—ื™ืœืง ืฉืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•"ืข ืืš ื‘ืฉืืœื” ื ื—ืœืงื•, ื•ื”ื‘"ื™ ืชืžื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื—ื™ืœืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.

ืžืชื ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ, ืœืชื•ืก' (ืขืจื›ื™ืŸ ื›ื˜: ื“"ื” ื•ืœื) ืื™ื ื” ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ื•ืœืจื"ืฉ (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืค"ื ืœื) ื›ืŸ.

ื”ื ื›ืก[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ื ืงื ื™ื ื”ื:

ืžื” ืฉื ืงื ื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ - ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื˜: ื“"ื” ืžืฉื•ื) ืฉื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืงื ื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื ืงื ื” ื’ื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืืฉื”.

ืงืจืงืข ื ืงื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ (ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืฉืขืจ ื ื ื—"ื’ ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื’ืžืจื ืจื™ืฉ ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื "ืงื ื™ ืืจืขื ืื’ื‘ ื’ืœื™ืžื"). ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›ื—) ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ื“ื—ื” ืื•ืชื.

ืฉื˜ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ ืœืจืื‘"ื“ ื ืงื ื” ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ื•ืœืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืœื (ื“ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืงื ื” ื•-ื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื•).

ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ืื” (ื–ื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืœืชืช ืžืชื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืขืฉืจื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืจืฆื”) ืœื“ืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืžื•ืŸ, ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงื ื•ืชื” ืจืง ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืืš ืœื ื‘ืื’ื‘ ื•ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉื”ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ืื” ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืŸ, ื•ืื’ื‘ ื•ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืŸ (ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืฉืืœื” ื•ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืชื•ืก' ืœื ื ืงื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื ื™ื ื”ืื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื ืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืื’ื‘) (ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื—"ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืงืขื˜ (ืื•ืช ืงืคื•)).

ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ืจื™ - ื“ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืื™ื ื• ื ืงื ื” ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ (ืชื•ืก' ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื—. ื“"ื” ื•ืžืื™, ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžืœืš ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘-ื ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืžื”ืจื™ืž"ื˜ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื– ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžืœืš ืฉื. ืคื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื™ื“: ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื˜ืขื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื• ืงื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื), ื•ืจืง ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ (ืงืฆื”-ื™ื—) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื›ืŸ ื ืงื ื”.

ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ืจื™ - ืชื•ืก' (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื—. ื“"ื” ื•ืžืื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžืœืš ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘-ื) ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงื•ื ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ื•ืจืง ืžื”ืจื™ืž"ื˜ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืœื– ื•ืž, ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžืœืš ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘-ื) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืฉื›ืŸ.

ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื ืขื ื™ ื ืงื ื” ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›ื‘:).

ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื ืขื ื™ - ืจ"ืช ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ืขื™ืœ, ืืš ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื™ืœ, ื•ื”ืจืž"ื” (ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›ื‘: ื“"ื” ื•ืืคืฉืจ, ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ืืคืฉืจ") ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืจืง ืœืฉื—ืจืจื• ืžื”ืฉืขื‘ื•ื“ ืืš ืœื ืœืื™ืกื•ืจื™ืŸ (ื˜ื•ืจ ืจืกื–).

ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ื”ืื ืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ื” ืื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืงื ื” (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืžื–.), ื•ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื• ืฉืœ ืงื•ื ื” (ืฉื ืข"ื‘, ืฉื•"ืข ื—ื•"ืž ืงืฆื”-ื‘).

ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฆืคื ืช ืคืขื ื— ืฉืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื—ืœ ืข"ื™ ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื” ืžืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ืจ ืฉืœื•, ื•ืœื ืข"ื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื” (ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื—"ื ื“"ื” ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ. ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•: "ืข"ื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืžืคืกื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื ืขืฉื” ื–ื” ืชื—ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ". ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ืฉื—ืœ ืข"ื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื— ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ืœื ืข"ื™ ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื” ืžืคืกื™ื“)[3].

ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืฉืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื• - ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืžื–.) ื“ื ื” ืข"ื™ ืืœื• ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ (ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื™ื–ื” ื—ืคืฅ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืœืžืงื ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ):

  1. ื›ืœื™ - ืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ืœื›ื•"ืข (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืžื–.).
  2. ืคื™ืจื•ืช (ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืœื™) - ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื”ื ืจื‘ ืฉืฉืช ื•ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ื”ืื ืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืžื–.).
  3. ืžื˜ื‘ืข - ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื• ืจื‘ ื•ืœื•ื™ ื”ืื ืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ (ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืžื–.). ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื ืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• (ื‘ืžื˜ื‘ืข) ืžืžืฉ (ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื—"ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืงืขื˜ (ืื•ืช ืงืคื•)).

ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช - ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' (ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›ื•. ื“"ื” ื”"ื’) ื”ืื ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ื•ืœื ืข"ื™ ืื“ื ืื—ืจ.

ืขื“ื™ื - ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื“ื™ื ืœืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื“ืจ: ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš (ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืž. ื“"ื” ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืจืื‘"ื“ ื•ื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ืฉื ื“"ื” ื•ื–"ืœ ื"ื, ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืงืžื“. ื“"ื” ื›ื”ืœื›ืชื, ืจืื‘"ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”-ื˜), ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื (ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื‘ื ื‘ืชืจื ืž. ื“"ื” ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืจ"ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ืฉื, ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื).

ื•ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืขื“ื™ื, ืืข"ืค ืฉื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืžื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื“ื™ื ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ (ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ืฉื) ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื“ืจ ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืงื ื” (ื‘ืœืฉื•ื ื•: ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ), ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืขื“ื™ื ื ืจืื” ื›ื—ื•ื›ื ื•ื˜ืœื•ืœื. ื•ื”ืคืจื™ ืžืฉื” (ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื-ื ื“"ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ) ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœ ืข"ื™ ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ (ื•ืœื ืข"ื™ ื”ื“ืขืช), ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžืขืฉื”.

ืืžื ื ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืื–ืœ ื•ืงืจื™ืช ืžืœืš ืจื‘ (ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื) ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืฉื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืŸ ื—ืœ ื‘ื’ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช, ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื“ืจ ืœื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืงื ื” ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื’ืžื™ืจื•ืช ื“ืขืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืขื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื’ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืขืชื•.

ื”ืขื“ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ืจ. ื”ืกืž"ืข (ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื—ื•"ืž ืงื›ื’-ื™ื“) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื›ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื˜"ื– (ืฉื) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื” ืงื•ื ื” ืข"ื™ ื”ืกื•ื“ืจ ืฉืœื”ื (ื“ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืคืจื™ ืžืฉื” ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื-ื•).

ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืขืžื•ื“ ืงื™ื—) ื—ืงืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ื—ื•ืช ืื• ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื ืขื ื™ (ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืงืฆื•ื”"ื— ืงืฆื”-ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื“ ื›ื ืขื ื™).

ืกื•ื“ืจ ืฉืื•ืœ - ืœืžื—ื ื” ืืคืจื™ื (ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื“ื›ื™) ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ, ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื”ืกื•ื“ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื•. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ (ื—ื•"ืž ืงืฆื”)) ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš (ื“ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืงื ื” ื›ื–-ื” ื“"ื” ืžื—"ื).

ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ืจ - ื”ื’ืžืจื (ื ื“ืจื™ื ืžื—:) ื“ื ื” ื”ืื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืงื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื“ืจ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ื ื” ืื•ืชื•. ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ืฉื•"ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื—"ื“ ืจื‘, ืจ"ืŸ ื•ืฉืืจ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื) ื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงื•ื ื”, ืืš ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ื ื” ืœืฉืขื” (ืจืฉื‘"ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื›ื•: ื“"ื” ืืœื) ื•ื›ืžืชื ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ {{ืžืงื•ืจ|ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ื–. ื“"ื” ื›ืžืืŸ, ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ืืžืจื™ ื‘ืจื•ืš ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื—ื•"ืž ืงืฆื”-ื“|ื›ืŸ}, ื•ื™ืฉ ืืฃ ืฉืกื‘ืจื• ืฉื”ืกื•ื“ืจ ื ืงื ื” ืœืžืงื ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™{ ืชื•ืก' ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื•: ื“"ื”' ืœื‘ืจ', ืชื•ืก' ืจื™" ื“ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื’. ื“"ื” ืœืžืขื•ื˜ื™ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ}

ืฉื•ื•ื” ื›ืกืฃ ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ืื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ (ื’ืจ"ื— ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื—, ืคื ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ื‘ื ืžืฆื™ืขื ืžื–. ืขืœ ืชื“"ื” ื’ืื•ืœื”) ืื• ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ (ืื‘ื™ ืขื–ืจื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืช ื’-ื. ื“ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืชื•ืจืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื—"ื ืขืžื•ื“ ื ื—).

ื—ื•ื–ืง[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืง ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœื™ ืชืจื•ืžื” (ืฉืขืจ ื ื ื—"ื’) ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื” ืœื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื’ื‘ - ืฉืงื•ื ื” ืงืจืงืข, ืืš ื™ืฉ ืžืขืœื” ืœืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื’ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ - ืฉืงื•ื ื” ืžื˜ื‘ืข. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืžืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ื™ืจื•.

ื”ืžืงื ื” ื•ื”ืงื•ื ื”[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื’ื•ื™, ืจ"ืช (ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื’. ื“"ื” ื•ืืฉื”) ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืžื•ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื• ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ (ืœืงื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ื•ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ืœื•), ืืš ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ื•ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ (ืฉ"ืš ื—ื•"ืž ืงื›ื’-ืœ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉื“"ื ื—ื•"ืž ื ื˜ ื—ืœืง ืขืœ ืจ"ืช, ื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื“ื™ ื—ืžื“ ื—"ื“ ืขืžื•ื“ 407 ื“"ื” ื•ืื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื›ืช ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืค, ืคื)[4].

ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื” - ื›ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. ื•ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืœื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื” ื”ื ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ[5].

ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ - ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' (ื’ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืœื˜: ื“"ื” ืžืฉื•ื) ืฉื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ, ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืงื ื” ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ ื ืงื ื” ื’ื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืื™ืฉื”.

ืจืื” ื’ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]


ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]

  1. โ†‘ ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืฉื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืขืจืš ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ "ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื" ื“"ื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช.
  2. โ†‘ ืืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ืืจื ื• ื‘ืขืจืš ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ "ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื" ื“"ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™๏ฟฝ.
  3. โ†‘ ืืžื ื ื“ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ, ืข"ืข ื›ืกืฃ (ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ) ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ "ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ" ื“"ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ.
  4. โ†‘ ื‘ืขืจืš ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื’ื•ื™ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ "ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ" (ื“"ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืงื•ื ื” ืžื’ื•ื™) ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืฉื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืฉื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืฉื’ื•ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื, ืืš ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžื”ื’ื•ื™.
  5. โ†‘ ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ "ืžืงื•ืจ ื•ื˜ืขื" ื“"ื” ื‘ื˜ืขืžื•.