ืžื™ืงืจื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ืช:ื›ื•ื™

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ื”ื’ื“ืจื”[1] - ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจ, ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชื•, ื•ืื ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื—ื™ื” ืื• ื›ื‘ื”ืžื”.


ื”ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจ (ืจืื” ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืฆื–) - ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื• ืœืฆื‘ื™ ื•ืœืขื– (ืจืื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื—; ืจืฉื‘"ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื’ ื ื“"ื” ืœื) - ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื• ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•), ืื• ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•), ืื• ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืคืง, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ืื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืžื›ืœืื™ ื—ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ: ืžื”ื•ืชื•. ื•ืจืื” ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืค ื ื“"ื” ืืžืจ). ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื ื• ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื•, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื—ื™ื” ืื• ืœื‘ื”ืžื”.

ื‘ื–ืžื ื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืจื•ื”ื• (ืจืื” ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืžื ืขื“ ื‘ ืœืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื ื“"ื” ื›ื•ื™).

ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืจืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ืฉื "ื›ื•ื™" ื ืงืจื ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืื” ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื‘), ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ื™ื ื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ "ื›ื•ื™" ื‘ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื - ืฉืื™ื ื• ื”ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ืชืœืžื•ื“ - ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื ื‘ื• ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืื” ื”ื’ื”ื” ืœื”ืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืœืžื”ืจ"ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ: ื›ื•ื™ ืฉืงื•ืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืคื™"ืœ, ื•ืจืื” ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื™ื•"ื“ ื›ื— ืกืง"ื–).

ืžื”ื•ืชื•

ื—ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ื”ืžื” ืื• ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื•

ื‘ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื™ ื ื—ืœืงื• ืชื ืื™ื ื•ืืžื•ืจืื™ื:

  • ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื "ืึตื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืจ" ื”ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืขืจื•ืช (ืชื ื ืงืžื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืค ื, ื•ืจื‘ ื ื—ืžืŸ ืฉื, ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ื“"ื” ืื™ืœ, ื•ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื“"ื” ืžื“ื—ืฉื™ื‘), ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื” ื”ื•ื (ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื ื“"ื” ื–ื”).
  • ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื”ื•ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืขื“ืจื™ื-ืขื“ืจื™ื (ืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ื’ืžืœื™ืืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื).
  • ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื•ื (ืจื‘ ืื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืจ ืื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืจืื” ื™ื•ืžื ืขื“ ื‘, ื•ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื›ื ื), ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื ืฉื, ื•ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื ื“"ื” ื›ื•ื™).

ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™, ืฉืืžืจ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืœื ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื• ื‘ื” ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื ืžื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื” ื”ื™ื, ืื• ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžื” (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืค ื), ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืคื’ ื (ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืื—ืจื•ืŸ)), ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืกื™ืžื ื™ื• ืื™ื ื ืžื›ืจื™ืขื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ืœืœ ื—ื™ื”, ืื• ืžื›ืœืœ ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืฉืื•ื”ื• ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื). ืื‘ืœ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื—ื™ื” ื•ื’ื ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืžืื™ืจื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœื“ ื).

  • ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืกืคืง ื—ื™ื” ืกืคืง ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืค ื ื“"ื” ื›ื•ื™, ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื ืคื’ ื‘; ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœื“ ื ื“"ื” ืจืื”, ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื; ืจืื” ืžืื™ืจื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื’ ื, ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื— ื•ืื™ืœืš).

ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื•ืจื‘ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืฉืœื ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื ื—ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืื• ื‘ื”ืžื”, ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืกืชืคืงื• ื‘ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื (ืจืื” ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื; ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื•ืžื ืขื“ ื‘, ื•ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื›ื ื; ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืคื’ ื, ื•ื ื“ื” ื›ื— ื), ื•ื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™, ืฉื”ื›ื•ื™ ืกืคืง (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื›ืœืื™ื ื— ื“).

ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคืง ื—ื™ื”, ืกืคืง ื‘ื”ืžื”, ืกืคืง ื‘ืจื™ื” (ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื, ื•ืจืข"ื‘ ืฉื).

ืกืคืง ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื, ื•ืกืคืง ืื ืžื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื—ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืื• ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืื” ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื ื“"ื” ืœื); ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคืง ืฆื‘ื™ ืกืคืง ืขื– (ืจืื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื˜,ื™; ืจืฉื‘"ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืฉื ื™) ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื• (ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื). ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื›ืžื” ืกืคื™ืงื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ื•, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืžื”, ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจ, ืื• ืžื™ืŸ ืฆืืŸ (ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื›ื‘ ื—), ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืŸ ืฆืืŸ, ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืฉ, ืื• ืขื– (ืฉื ืชืงื—).

ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื ืจืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื•ื”ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ืžื™ ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืกืคืง ื—ื™ื” ืกืคืง ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืื” ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขื˜ ื. ื•ืจืื” ืคืœื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืง ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ).

  • ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœืื™ื ื”ื‘ื ืžืŸ ื”ืชื™ืฉ ื•ื”ืฆื‘ื™ื”, ืื• ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ ื•ื”ืขื– (ืจ"ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื•; ื™ืฉ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืค ื; ืชื ื ืงืžื ื•ืจ"ื ืฉื ืขื˜ ื‘, ืจืื” ืฉื ืค ื ื‘ื“ืขืชื)[2], ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืืจ ื›ืœืื™ื ื”ื‘ื ืžื—ื™ื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืขื ื‘ื”ืžื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” (ืจืื” ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื’, ื•ื˜ื•ืจ ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื, ื•ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืค ื•) - ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืืฃ ื›ืœืื™ื ืžืฉืชื™ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื˜ื”ื•ืจื•ืช ื ืงืจื "ื›ื•ื™" (ืจืื” ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื“ ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื•, ื•ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื ืฉืคืชื™ ื“ืขืช ืกืง"ื) - ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ืฉื "ื›ื•ื™", ื•ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื›ืœืื™ื (ืจืื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘). ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื”ื•ืฉืข ื‘ืŸ ืœื•ื™ ื—ื•ืœืง ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืื™ื ืžืชื™ืฉ ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื”, ืื• ืฆื‘ื™ ื•ืขื–, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื” ืžืชืขื‘ืจืช ืžื‘ื”ืžื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืžื” ืžื—ื™ื” (ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื– ื).

ื”ื”ืœื›ื”

  • ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืœืื™ื ื”ื‘ื ืžืชื™ืฉ ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื ืงืจื ื›ื•ื™ (ื”ืขืจื•ืš ืขืจืš ื›ื•ื™; ืจืื” ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื’, ืœื’ื™ืจืกื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื•ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื ื‘ื“ืขืชื•; ืจืื” ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื™ ื–; ืจืื” ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืงืฆืจ ื’ ื‘; ื˜ื•ืจ ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื, ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื; ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืค ื•).
  • ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืกืคืง ื—ื™ื” ืกืคืง ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืื” ืจ"ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžื” ื, ื•ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื˜ ื” ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื, ื•ืžื’ื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“ื; ืจืื” ืจืฉื‘"ื ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขื˜ ื, ื•ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ ื“ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช; ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื ื•; ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืงืคื–; ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื’ ื; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ื›ื— ื’. ื•ืจืื” ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื— ื, ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื’ ื), ืื• ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” (ืจืื” ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฉ ื”; ืจืื” ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืœื‘ ื)[3].

ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”

ื“ืžื• ื•ื—ืœื‘ื• ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื• ื•ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื ืฉื”

ื”ื›ื•ื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”, ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืžื”, ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืŸ, ืœืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื• ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืฉื“ืžื• ื•ื—ืœื‘ื• ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื• ื•ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื ืฉื” ืฉืœื• ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื” (ืจืื” ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื›ื ื, ื•ื™ื•ืžื ืขื“ ื).

ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืจืช ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื“ืžื•, ืฉื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืจืช (ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื).

ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืจืช ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื—ืœื‘ื• (ืจืื” ื™ื•ืžื ืฉื), ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืจืช ืืœื ืขืœ ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื— (ืจืื” ืจื‘ื ื• ื”ืœืœ ื•ืจ"ืฉ ืœืชื•ืจืช ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉื) - ื•ื”ื›ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื›ืฉื‘ ื•ืขื– (ืจ"ืฉ ืฉื) - ื•ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืจืช, ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœืชื• (ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ืฉื); ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื ืชืจื‘ื” ืืœื ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ, ื•ืœื ืœืžืœืงื•ืช (ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื“ ืฉืคืชื™ ื“ืขืช ืกืง"ื).

ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื• ื˜ืžืื”

ื ื‘ืœืชื• ื˜ืžืื” - ื›ื ื‘ืœืช ื—ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื ื‘ืœื”) - ื•ื”ื•ื ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•), ืฉื›ืฉื ืฉืœื›ืœ ืขื ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื‘ืชื” ืื•ืชื• ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื”ืžื”, ืืฃ ืœื˜ื•ืžืืชื• ื•ืฉื—ื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื”ืžื” (ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื›ื ื, ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“"ื” ื˜ื•ืžืืชื•).

ื‘ืฉืืจ ื“ื™ื ื™ื

ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ื•ื™, ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืฉืจื• ืžื•ืชืจ ืื ื• ืžืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื™ื• (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ืื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™. ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆืช ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื›ื ื, ื‘ืฉื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ).

ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื• (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) - ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ ืืœื ื‘ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื”ื "ืœ) - ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื• (ืขืจื•ืš ืœื ืจ ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื›ื ื ื“"ื” ืืฃ ื‘ื”ืžื”).

ื–ืจื•ืข ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ื”

ื”ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื ืฉื—ื˜, ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ื• ืžื”ื›ืชื•ื‘, ืฉื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืœืชืช ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื–ืจื•ืข ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•. ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืœื‘ ื), ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืคื•ื˜ืจ, ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•. ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื™; ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืขื•ื“), ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ืจืฉื” ื–ื• ื ืืžืจื” ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื•ื (ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœ (ืจืฆื‘"ื) ื’ ืœื˜, ื‘ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘; ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืœื‘ ื); ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื“ืจืฉื• ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืœื ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืื™ื (ืจ"ืŸ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืœื‘ ื ื‘ืฉื ืจืฉ"ื™; ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขื˜ ื ื“"ื” ืขื™ื™ืœ; ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืฉื; ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื’ ื‘; ื˜ื•ืจ ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื, ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ).

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื“ื

ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืื ื”ื›ื•ื™ ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื, ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ืคื’ ื (ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืื—ืจื•ืŸ), ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื ื“ื” ื›ื— ื‘, ื•ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืžืจื• ืฉื“ืžื• ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ (ืจืื” ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืคื“ ื‘, ื•ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื ื’) - ื›ื“ื ื—ื™ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื—ื™ื” ื•ืขืจืš ื›ืกื•ื™ ื”ื“ื) - ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ื‘ื”ื• ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ), ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื›ื‘ืจื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื• ื‘ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ื›ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืกื™ืžื ื™ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื™ืžื ื™ ื—ื™ื”, ืืœื ื‘ืจื™ื” ื”ื•ื, ื•ืฉืžื ื ืชื ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืชื•ืจื” ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ื™ื” ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื).

ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ื™ื”, ื•ืžืฆื•ืช ื›ืกื•ื™ ื”ื“ื (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื• (ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืžื ืขื“ ื‘ ื“"ื” ื›ื•ื™; ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื ื“ื” ื›ื— ื; ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช).

ืกืคืง ื—ื™ื” ืกืคืง ื‘ื”ืžื”

ืกืคืงื• ืœื—ื•ืžืจื

ื”ื›ื•ื™ - ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคืง ื—ื™ื” ืกืคืง ื‘ื”ืžื”, ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืŸ (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ) - ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื - ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืœื“ืชื• ื•ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื• (ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ ื™ื) - ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื” ืœื‘ื”ืžื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื” ืœื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื‘ื”ืžื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื” ืœื ืœื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืœื‘ื”ืžื” (ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื— ื•ืขื•ื“; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื ื™, ื•ืจืื” ืฉื ื™ื. ื•ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ), ืฉืžืกืคืง ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื• (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื’ ื ื“"ื” ื™ืฉ; ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื; ืžืื™ืจื™ ืงื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื).

ืกืคืง ืžื—ืžืช ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื”

  • ืกืคืง ื–ื”, ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืฉืืจ "ืกืคื™ืงื ื“ื“ื™ื ื", ืืœื ื›ืกืคืง ื”ื‘ื ืžื—ืžืช ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื”, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืกืคืง ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื•, ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืŸ (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ืกืคืง), ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•), ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•, ื•ืขืจืš ืกืคืง ื•ืขืจืš ืกืคืง ืžืžื•ืŸ. ืจื™"ื˜ ืืœื’ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื).
  • ื•ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืฃ ื‘ื›ื•ื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื” (ืจืื” ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื ืื•ืช ื” ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื‘"ื— ืฉื; ืจืื” ืžื ื—ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืชืงื—), ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื• ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืง ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื™ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื• ืœื”ืงืœ (ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืคื•ืจื™ื). ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืกืคืง ืฉืœ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกืคืง ื”ื•ื ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืื™ ืขื•ืœื (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ืกืคืง, ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ืคืจื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ื ื™ื•"ื“ ืค ืฉืคืชื™ ื“ืขืช ืกืง"ื“).

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื“ื

ื”ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื•ื” ืœื—ื™ื”, ื›ื™ืฆื“?

  • ื“ืžื• ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื›ื“ื ื—ื™ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื—ื™ื” ื•ืขืจืš ื›ืกื•ื™ ื”ื“ื. ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื˜; ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืคื“ ื‘, ืœืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคืง, ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ: ืžื”ื•ืชื•; ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ ื™ื; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ื›ื— ื’), ืฉืžื ื—ื™ื” ื”ื•ื (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืคื’ ื‘, ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื— ื ื“"ื” ืื™ืŸ; ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืงืคื–). ื•ืœื ื—ืฉืฉื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืืžืจื• ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ื—ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื•ื—ืœื‘ื• ืžื•ืชืจ - ืฉืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื“ืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ (ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ) - ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉืืฃ ืžืกืคืง ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ืจื— ื•ื™ื›ืกื” (ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืฉื ื‘).

ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื—ืœื‘ื•

  • ื—ึถืœึฐื‘ึผื•ึน ืžื˜ืžื ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืช ื ื‘ื™ืœื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) ื›ื—ื™ื” - ืฉืื™ืœื• ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉืžืชื”, ืื™ื ื• ืžื˜ืžื (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื—ืœื‘) - ื•ื˜ื•ืžืืชื• ื‘ืกืคืง (ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื˜; ืจืžื‘"ื ืื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ืžืื•ืช ื ื•), ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ืจืคื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืชืจื•ืžื” ื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื’ืขื• ื‘ื• (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื™ื: ืกืคืง ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ืฉืจืคืช ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ืชืจื•ืžื” ื˜ืžืื”), ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืฉื ื˜ืžื ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ืจืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžืงื“ืฉ, ืื• ืื›ื™ืœืช ืงื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื™ื: ืื›ื™ืœืช ืงื“ืฉื™ื, ื˜ืžื (ื), ื˜ืžืืช ืžืงื“ืฉ ื•ืงื“ืฉื™ื•. ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื).

ืื™ื ื• ืงืจื‘ ืœืžื–ื‘ื—

  • ื”ื›ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื–ื‘ื—, ืฉืžื ื—ื™ื” ื”ื•ื (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื—ื™ื”: ื‘ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช. ืจืื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืจ"ืฉ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื™), ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืคื•, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืžื” ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžื–ื‘ื—, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืจ, ื•ืœื ื›ื‘ืฉ, ื•ืœื ืขื– (ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืค ื ื“"ื” ืœื›ืŸ (ื”ื')).

ื‘ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ

  • ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื• ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ, ื›ื—ื™ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ืคื˜ืจ ื—ืžื•ืจ. ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื˜; ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื‘ ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื‘ ื—; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืฉื›ื ื‘), ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืคื“ื” ื‘ื• - ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืคื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื” (ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื).

ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื“ืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘

ื›ื•ื™ ืฉื ืฉื—ื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื™ืŸ ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ื“ืžื• (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืคื’ ื‘ ื•ืขื•ื“, ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืฉื ืคื“ ื‘; ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ ื, ื•ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื™ื“ ื“; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ืื•"ื— ืชืฆื— ื™ื—, ื•ื™ื•"ื“ ื›ื— ื’. ื•ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘) ืขื“ ื”ืขืจื‘ (ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ืฉื ื•ืฉื). ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืฉืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) ื”ื•ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื™ืœื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) ืฉื“ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืงื” ื“ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ืžื™ืœื”), ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื“ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ื—ื” ืฉื‘ืช (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื›ืกื•ื™ ื”ื“ื), ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกืคืงื• ื“ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืคื“ ื‘).

ื‘ื˜ืขื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื ื—ืœืงื• ืืžื•ืจืื™ื:

  • ืœื“ืขืช ืจืžื™ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ ื™ื™ื‘ื, ื”ื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื”ืจื•ืื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื—ืœื‘ื• (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ. ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืฉื; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ืฉื), ืฉื™ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉื‘ืกืคืง ื‘ื”ืžื” ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื• ืœื˜ืจื•ื— ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืกื•ืชื• (ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืฉื; ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื), ื•ื™ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืžื–ื” ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ื—ื™ื” ื”ื•ื (ืจืื” ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ื“"ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืœ (ื”ื‘')) - ื•ื—ืœื‘ ื—ื™ื” ืžื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื—ืœื‘).
  • ืจื‘ื ืืžืจ ืฉื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืขืคืจ ืฉื‘ื ืœื›ืกื•ืช ื‘ื• ืžื•ืงืฆื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) ื”ื•ื, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžืกื•ืคืง, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืœื›ืš - ืžื•ืชืจ (ืจืื” ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื— ื‘ ื•ืจืฉ"ื™).

ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจืžื™ ื‘ืจื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ ื™ื™ื‘ื, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืคืจ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืš, ืœื ื™ื›ืกื” ื‘ื• ืืช ื“ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื™, ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื—ืœื‘ื• (ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืžืื•ืจ ื•ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื— ื‘; ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ ื; ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืœืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื™ืช ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ ื‘, ื•ืžืฉืžืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื ื”; ืžืื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืฉื; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ืื•"ื— ืชืฆื— ื™ื—); ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืืฃ ืžืฉื•ื ื˜ื™ืจื—ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื).

ื•ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื›ืจื‘ื, ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขืคืจ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืš - ื™ื›ืกื” ื‘ื• (ืื•ืจ ื–ืจื•ืข ื ืฉืฆื; ืจืื” ืจื"ื” ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื• ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืคืจืง, ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื“ืง ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื ื”).

ื›ื‘ื”ืžื”

ืฉื•ื” ืœื‘ื”ืžื” ื›ื™ืฆื“?

  • ื—ืœื‘ื• ืืกื•ืจ;
  • ืื™ื ื• ื ืœืงื— ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืžืขืฉืจ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื™. ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื—ืœื‘: ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืขืจืš ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™);
  • ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ื”: ื”ื‘ื”ืžื”. ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื)[4].
  • ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื• (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื• ืžืกืคืง (ืจืื” ื”ืขื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื‘, ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ) ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ื”; ืžืื™ืจื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขื— ื; ืจืื” ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื˜ ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื, ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื; ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื™ื•"ื“ ื›ื— ื; ื‘"ื— ื™ื•"ื“ ื˜ื– ื‘ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื“"ื” ื•ื ื•ื”ื’).

ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื—ืœื‘ื•

ื—ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ื›ื—ืœื‘ ื‘ื”ืžื” (ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื™; ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื‘, ื•ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ ื™ื; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื“ ื), ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืจืช (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•. ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื), ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคืง (ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื)[5], ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื—ื˜ืืช (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) ืขืœ ืฉื’ื’ืชื• (ืจื"ืฉ ื•ืจืข"ื‘ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื), ืื• ืฉืืฃ ื›ืจืช ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ืกืคืง ื”ื•ื, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื–ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ื ืฉื• ื›ืจืช (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ืฉื•ื’ื’. ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื, ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื), ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœืชื• (ืจืื” ืจืžื‘"ื ืžืื›ืœื•ืช ืืกื•ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื‘; ืจื"ืฉ ื•ืจืข"ื‘ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื. ื•ืจืื” ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืค ื”).

ืืฉื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื—ืœื‘ื•

ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืฉื ืชืœื•ื™ (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) ืขืœ ืื›ื™ืœืช ื—ืœื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ื™ (ืจืื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื•; ืจืื” ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื™ื– ื‘, ื•ื™ื— ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื’ื’ื•ืช ื— ื‘), ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืฉื ืชืœื•ื™ ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ื—ืชื™ื›ื•ืช ืฉืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื•ื“ืื™ ืืกื•ืจื”, ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืŸ (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ืืฉื ืชืœื•ื™. ืจืื” ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฉื), ื•ืจื‘ื™ ืืœืขื–ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ (ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฉื), ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ืืฃ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืื—ืช ืžืกื•ืคืงืช, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืฉื ืชืœื•ื™ (ืจืื” ืฉื ื•ืฉื).

ืœืงื™ื—ืชื• ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™

ื”ื›ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื ืœืงื— ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื™. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜), ืฉืžื ื‘ื”ืžื” ื”ื•ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืžืžืขื•ืช ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื”ืžื” ืืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉืœืžื™ื (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™), ื•ื”ื›ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืงืจื‘ (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ. ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืจ"ืฉ ื•ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื).

ื–ืจื•ืข ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ื”

ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•), ืฉืฉื ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื“ืขืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื”ื›ื•ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื”ื (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ), ืืžืจื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื•ื (ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื•), ืฉืœื ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื• ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืื” ืจ"ื™ ืงื•ืจืงื•ืก ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื˜ ื”, ื•ืจื™"ื˜ ืืœื’ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื; ืžื”ืจ"ื ืคื•ืœื“ื ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ืฉื).

ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืงื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคืง, ืžืคืจื™ืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ื” (ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื˜ ื”; ืžืื™ืจื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขื˜ ื; ืจืื” ืฉื•"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื ื™ื–; ืจืื” ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื™ ื– ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ), ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ืกืคืงื• ื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•), ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืŸ (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ: ืกืคืง ืžื—ืžืช ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื™ื“ื™ืขื”), ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ (ืจ"ื™ ืงื•ืจืงื•ืก ืฉื: ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืขื•ื“; ื›ืกืฃ ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื; ืจืื” ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื™ ื– ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ; ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืฉื ื›ื“; ืžืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื™ื‘ ื—).

ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืคืกืงื• ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืกืคืง ื”ื•ื, ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืชื ื•ืช, ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืื™ื” (ืจืื” ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื; ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื ืื•ืช ื”, ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื. ื•ืจืื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืจืข"ื‘ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื, ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ืฉื).

ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื’ื–

ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื’ื– (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ื•ื™ (ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื™ ื–), ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื•, ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืŸ (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ. ืจื“ื‘"ื– ืฉื; ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื™ื ื•).

ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื˜ื•ืจ (ื—ืกื“ื™ ื“ื•ื“ ืœืชื•ืกืคืชื ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื™ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื), ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืžื”, ืื™ื ื• ื›ื‘ืฉ, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฆืžืจ ืืœื ืฉืœ ืจื—ืœื™ื (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื’ื–. ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœืžื” ืฉื, ื•ืจืื” ืขืจืš ืฆืžืจ).

ืฉื•ื” ืœื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื‘ื”ืžื”

ืฉื•ื” ืœื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื‘ื”ืžื” ื›ื™ืฆื“?

ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•), ื•ืžื˜ืžื ืžืฉื•ื ื ื‘ืœื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•), ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืื‘ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) ื›ื–ื” ื•ื›ื–ื” (ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื™ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ ื™ื. ื•ืจืื” ื”ืœื›ืชื ื’ื‘ื™ืจืชื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื).

ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื• ื“ื™ื ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืคื•ืช (ืชืคืืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉื ื™ื›ื™ืŸ ื ื‘; ืžืฉื ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉื), ื•ื“ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ืข (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•) ื•ื ืจื‘ืข (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•. ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘).

ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืžื• (ื˜ื•ืจ ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื• ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื, ื•ืจืื” ื›ืจื™ืชื•ืช ื›ื ื, ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืœื‘ ื. ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืฉื•"ืข ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื•), ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืžืŸ (ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื“ื. ืคืจื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื• ืกืง"ื, ืฉืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื•ื”ื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืฉื•"ืข).

ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื™ื“ ื”ื ืฉื” (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•. ืจืื” ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืงืœื‘ ื; ืžืื™ืจื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืคื˜ ื‘, ื•ืฉื ืงืœื‘ ื; ืจืื” ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื” ื•. ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜).

ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฉืชื™ื”ืŸ

ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื” ืœื—ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืœื‘ื”ืžื” ื›ื™ืฆื“?

ื”ื›ื•ื™ ืืกื•ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืœืื™ื - ื‘ื”ืจื‘ืขื” (ืจืฉ"ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื’ ื ื“"ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ) - ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื” ื•ืขื ื”ื‘ื”ืžื” (ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื™ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ื›ืœืื™ื ื˜ ื”, ื•ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ ื™ื; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ื™ื•"ื“ ืจืฆื– (ื”ืฉื ื™) ื—, ื•ืฉ"ืš ืฉื. ื•ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื›ืœืื™ ื‘ื”ืžื”), ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ื™ื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื).

ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคืง (ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ืฉื; ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืจืžื“), ื›ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืขื– ืื• ืฆื‘ื™ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืฉืืจ ื‘ื”ืžื” ื•ื—ื™ื” - ืœื•ืงื”, ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืœืื™ื ื”ื, ืฉื”ื›ื•ื™, ืœื“ืขืชื, ื”ื•ื ืกืคืง ืฆื‘ื™ ืกืคืง ืชื™ืฉ (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ: ืžื”ื•ืชื•. ืจืฉื‘"ื ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื).

ื•ื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื™ ืขื ื—ื™ื” ืื• ืขื ื‘ื”ืžื” (ืจืื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ืจ"ืฉ ืกื™ืจื™ืœื™ืื• ืœื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื, ื•ืจืื” ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžืœืš ืฉื ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ืจืื” ื“ืจืš ืืžื•ื ื” ืฉื), ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืงื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกืคืง (ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื).

ืฉื—ื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘

ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื—ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ (ืจืื” ืขืจื›ื•. ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ ื˜, ื•ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืคื’ ื‘, ื•ืจื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืกื™ ืฉื ืคื“ ื‘; ืจืžื‘"ื ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื’ ื; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ืื•"ื— ืชืฆื— ื™ื—, ื•ื™ื•"ื“ ื›ื— ื’), ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืืช ื“ืžื• (ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ: ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื“ืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘. ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื— ื; ืจ"ืฉ ื•ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื. ื•ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื›ืกื•ื™ ื”ื“ื), ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ืช ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ืฉื—ื˜ื ื• ื•ืœื ื™ื›ืกื” ืืช ื“ืžื• (ื‘ื™ืฆื” ืฉื).

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื

  1. โ†‘ ื›ื–, ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขื—-ืชื–. ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื“ ื”ืžื ื•ืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื•ื“ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ ื”ื•ื - ื›ึผื•ึนื™. ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื "ื›ื•ื™", ืจืื” ืขืจื•ืš ื”ืฉืœื ืขืจืš ื›ื•ื™.
  2. โ†‘ ืื ื“ื™ื ื ื›ื—ื™ื” ืื• ื›ื‘ื”ืžื”, ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœื–ืจืข ื”ืื‘, ื•ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ.
  3. โ†‘ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื ื•ืœื“ ืžืชื™ืฉ ื•ืฆื‘ื™ื”, ืื• ืฆื‘ื™ ื•ืขื–, ืื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื• ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื• ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื‘, ืื• ืœื ื–ื” ื•ืœื ื–ื”, ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœื–ืจืข ื”ืื‘. ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”, ืจืื” ืขืจืš ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืช ื‘ื ื• ื•ืขืจืš ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœื–ืจืข ื”ืื‘. ืื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืคืจื™ืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืžืชื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื”, ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื–ืจื•ืข ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื”. ืขืœ ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื“ืžื•, ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื›ืกื•ื™ ื”ื“ื. ืขืœ ืฉื—ื™ื˜ืชื• ื•ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื“ืžื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœื–ืจืข ื”ืื‘, ื•ืขืจืš ื™ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืขืจืš ื›ืกื•ื™ ื”ื“ื, ื•ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ืขืชื• ืขื ืฆื‘ื™ ืื• ืขื ืชื™ืฉ, ืจืื” ืขืจืš ื›ืœืื™ ื‘ื”ืžื”. ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื’ื– ื‘ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืžื—ื™ื” ื•ื›ื‘ืฉ, ืจืื” ืขืจืš ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื’ื–.
  4. โ†‘ ืจืื” ืฉื ืฉืจื‘ื™ ืืœื™ืขื–ืจ ื—ื•ืœืง, ื•ืจืื” ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขื˜ ื‘. ื•ืจืื” ืœืขื™ืœ: ื‘ืจื™ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”.
  5. โ†‘ ื•ืจืื” ืจืฉ"ื™ ื™ื•ืžื ืขื“ ื ื“"ื” ื›ื•ื™, ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืงืจื‘.