ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ืช:ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš - ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืื• ืœืชื•ื›ื• ื—ืคืฅ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžืจืฉื•ืช-ื”ืจื‘ื™ื* ื•ืžื›ืจืžืœื™ืช*, ื•ืฉืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืกืคืง ืื ื ื˜ืžื ืื“ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืืœ, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื ื˜ืžื, ืกืคื™ืงื• ื˜ืžื ื‘ืื•ืคื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื.

ืคืชื™ื—ื”

ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช* ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช-ื”ืจื‘ื™ื*, ื•ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืข"ืข ืžื•ืฆื™ื[1]. ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืืฃ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื›ืจืžืœื™ืช* ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื›ืจืžืœื™ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืข"ืข ื”ื "ืœ[2]. ื”ื™ื” ืกืคืง ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืื ื ื˜ืžื ืื“ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืืœ, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื ื ื˜ืžื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืžื, ืื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืข"ืข ืกืคืง-ื˜ึปืžืื”. ื•ืฉื, ืฉืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื™ืฉืืœ, ืกืคื™ืงื• ื˜ื”ื•ืจ, ื•ืฉืื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ืกืคื™ืงื• ื˜ื”ื•ืจ[3].

ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื–ืจื•ืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื• ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ืข"ืข ื–ื•ืจืง. ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžื›ืจืžืœื™ืช* ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืื• ืœื”ื™ืคืš, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืจื—ืง ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืจืžืœื™ืช, ืข"ืข ื›ืจืžืœื™ืช[4]. ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื“ืจืš ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืข"ืข ืžื•ืฉื™ื˜.

ืžื”ื•ืชื•

ืื™ื–ื”ื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืงืฃ ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ[5], ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ืžื” ืžื™ืœื™ื[6], ื•ื›ืŸ ื—ืจื™ืฅ - ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ืจ[7] ืื• ื’ื•ืžื, ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช-ื”ืจื‘ื™ื*[8] - ืขืžื•ืง ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื”[9], ื•ื›ืŸ ืชืœ[10] ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืฉืจื”[11] ื•ืจื—ื‘ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื”[12], ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื“ืจ - ื›ื•ืชืœ[13] - ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื”[14]. ื•ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื[15].

ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ืืจื‘ืข ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืŸ ื•ืืœื›ืกื•ื ืŸ[16], ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจื™ื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื—ืžืฉ ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ื[17], ื•ืœื ื ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืืจื‘ืข ืืœื ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืืœื›ืกื•ืŸ[18]. ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื”[19].

ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืงืฃ ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“[20], ืื ื”ื•ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื‘ื™ืช ืกืืชื™ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœื ืœื“ื™ืจื”[21], ื•ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ืช ืกืืชื™ื™ื, ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื›ืจืžืœื™ืช*[22], ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืข"ืข ื›ืจืžืœื™ืช[23].

ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื•ืงืฃ ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“[24], ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ืฉื ืฆืจืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื ื—ืœืงื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื: ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช[25]. ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื™*, ืฉื”ืœื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื—ื™ืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ื— ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช[26], ื•ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืžืงื•ื-ืคื˜ื•ืจ*[27].

ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืขืžื•ืง ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ ืืจื‘ืขื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“[28], ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœื ืžื™ื[29], ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืœื ื”ื•ื, ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช[30], ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช[31], ืฉื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจื•ืช[32], ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื“ื ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื•ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• ื•ื ืจืื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช[33]. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœื ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื[34], ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช[35], ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจื•ืช[36], ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืžืœื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื[37], ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืžืง ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘, ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“[38], ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœื ื—ืฆื™ื• ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื” ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืขื˜ ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“[39].

ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“[40], ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื”ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื: ื™ืฉ ืžืคืจืฉื™ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื’ื–ืจื• ืฉื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžืžืขื˜, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืกื•ืจ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ื•[41]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืคืจืฉื™ื, ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ, ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื“ืขืชื• ืœืคื ื•ืชื ืžืฉื[42]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืคืจืฉื™ื, ืฉื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื‘ื˜ืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ืจืง ื›ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ืœื ืฉื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ืœืคื ื•ืชื•[43]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื—ืœืงื™ื: ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืœื”, ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœืคื ื•ืชื ืžืฉื, ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ื‘ืœ*, ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœืคื ื•ืชื ืžืฉื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื”ืžื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื[44].

ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉื”ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืœื ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื“ืขืชื• ืœืคื ื•ืชื ืžืฉื[45].

ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืขืฉืื•ื”ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื›ื›ืจืžืœื™ืช*, ืข"ืข ื›ืจืžืœื™ืช: ื›ืจืžืœื™ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“. ืขืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื™* ืกืชื•ื, ื”ืคืชื•ื— ืžืจื•ื— ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ืข"ืข ืžื‘ื•ื™: ื“ื™ื ื•. ืขืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื™ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœ ื‘ื•, ืข"ืข ื”ื "ืœ: ืชื™ืงื•ื ื•. ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื˜ืœื˜ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœืฉื‘ืช, ืข"ืข ืฉืชื•ืคื™ ืžื‘ื•ืื•ืช.

ื›ืชืœื™ื

ื›ืชืœื™ื ื”ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“[46], ืืคื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืืจื‘ืขื”[47], ื•ืงืœ-ื•ื—ึนืžืจ* ื”ื•ื, ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืžื—ื™ืฆื”, ืœืขืฆืžื• ืœื ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ[48].

ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืชืœื™ื

ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืชืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ - ืฉื›ืœืคื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“[49] - ื”ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“[50], ืฉื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ื•ืชืœ ืฉืœืฆื“ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื˜ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื, ื“ื™ื ื ื›ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ืœืคื™ ืฉื‘ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฆืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉื ืชืฉืžื™ืฉื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ื—ืฆืจ ืขืฆืžื•[51], ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ืืฃ ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ื›ืฉืžืคื•ืœืฉื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื“ื™ื ื ื›ื—ื•ืจื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“[52].

ื‘ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื[53], ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื, ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื”ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื: ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื›ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืžืคื ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื[54]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ื”ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“[55]. ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืืžื•ืจืื™ื ื”ื™ื[56], ื•ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“[57].

ื”ื™ื• ื”ื—ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ืชืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืคื ื™ื, ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ื‘ื”ื ื•ืจื•ื—ื‘ื[58], ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื ื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ื•ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ืืจื‘ืขื”, ื”ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื•ืื ืื™ื ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื, ืื– ืื ื”ื ื‘ืจื•ื—ื‘ ืืจื‘ืขื”, ื”ื ื›ืจืžืœื™ืช*, ื•ืื ืœื, ื”ื ืžืงื•ื-ืคื˜ื•ืจ*[59].

ืื•ื™ืจ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“

ืื•ื™ืจ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขื“ ืœืจืงื™ืข[60], ืฉื›ืœ ืื•ื™ืจ ืฉื›ื ื’ื“ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืจ ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื•ื™ืจ ืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืฉืจ ื•ืจื—ื‘ ืืจื‘ืขื”, ื›ื ื’ื“ื• ืขื“ ืœืจืงื™ืข ืฉื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•[61], ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื ืขืฅ ืงื ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื•ื–ืจืง ื•ื ื— ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื” ืืžื”, ื—ื™ื™ื‘[62].

ื›ืœื™ื

ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืœื™ื - ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกืคื™ื ื”[63], ื•ืชื™ื‘ื”[64] ืื• ืžื’ื“ืœ[65] ืฉืœ ืขืฅ[66] ื•ื›ื•ื•ืจืช[67] ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื”ืŸ[68] - ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ -ืœืจื‘ืข ื‘ื•[69] - ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืื• ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื–ื”[70], ื”ืจื™ ื”ืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื’ืžื•ืจื”[71], ืฉื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื•ืจื—ื‘ ืืจื‘ืข ืขืœ ืืจื‘ืข ื—ื•ืœืง ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื• ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื[72].

ืฉื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืขื ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืขืฉืจื” ื˜ืคื—ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“[73]. ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ืชืœื™ ื”ื›ืœื™, ืื ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื›ืชื‘ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ[74]. ื•ื™ืฉ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ[75].

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื

  1. โ†‘ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื 13 ื•ืื™ืœืš, ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 143.
  2. โ†‘ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 144 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
  3. โ†‘ ื•ืฉื, ืžื—' ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ื', ืื• ืฉื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื”ื’' ื‘ืจื”"ื™ ืืฃ ืื ื' ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ.
  4. โ†‘ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 198 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
  5. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื‘ืช ืคื™"ื“ ื”"ื; ืขื™' ื˜ื•ืจ ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืฉืžื”, ื•ืขื™' ื‘"ื™ ืฉื, ืฉื”ื•ื ืข"ืค ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 14; ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื ื‘.
  6. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ืžื™ืœ. ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื.
  7. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืง ื.
  8. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ืื•"ื— ืฉืžื” ื™ื.
  9. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉื‘ืช ื• ื; ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื ื”ื›"ื’; ืขื™' ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ืฉื.
  10. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคื˜ ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื ื”"ื; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ืฉื.
  11. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ื“"ื” ื’ื–ื™ืจื”; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ืฉื.
  12. โ†‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ืฉื.
  13. โ†‘ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ื“"ื” ื’ื“ืจ.
  14. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉื‘ืช ื• ื, ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื.
  15. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ื– ื‘ ืกื•ื“"ื” ื›ื–ื•ืจืง ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ.
  16. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืชื•ืก' ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื ื ื“"ื” ื›ื–ื”, ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ืฉืžื•ืืœ: ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ื ืžื™ ื‘ืจื”"ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™' ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ืช: ื•ืขืžื•ื“ ื ืžื™ ื•ื›ื•'; ืขื™' ื”ื’"ื ืฉื‘ืช ืค"ื ืกื™' ื™ื’, ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ืช: ื“ื›ืœ ื“' ืขืœ ื“' ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื•ื›ื•'; ืขื™' ืจืž"ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืฉืžื” ื‘, ื‘ืฉื ื™"ื, ื•ืขื™ื™"ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ืข"ืค ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื ืฉืžื˜ ื‘, ื‘ืกืชื.
  17. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืชื•ืก' ืฉื, ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ืช: ืฉืฉื” ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘' ื—ื•ืžืฉื™ืŸ; ืขื™' ื”ื’"ื ืฉื, ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ืช.
  18. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืชื•ืก' ืฉื, ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ืช.
  19. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื"ืจ ืฉื ืกืง"ื“, ื‘ื“' ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื ื ื“"ื” ืžื™ ื•ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื‘ืช ืคื™"ื‘ ื”ื™"ื— ื•ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื“' ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื, ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ื˜; ืขื™' ื‘ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืฉื ื“"ื” ื™"ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ, ื‘ื“' ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืกืงื ื”.
  20. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 5 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
  21. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื– ื; ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื‘ืช ืคื™"ื“ ื”"ื; ืขื™' ื˜ื•ืจ ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™' ืฉืžื”.
  22. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจ' ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ื‘ื’ืž' ืฉื; ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื ืคื˜"ื– ื”"ื; ืขื™' ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื ืกื™' ืฉืžื•; ืขื™' ื‘"ื™ ื•ื‘"ื— ืฉื ืกื™' ืฉืžื”; ืขื™' ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื ืฉืžื• ื’.
  23. โ†‘ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 386 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
  24. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 5 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
  25. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืข' ืžื‘ื•ื™ ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 21; ืž"ืž ืฉื‘ืช ืคื™"ื“ ื”"ื“, ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ื; ืขื™' ื›ืก"ืž ืฉื ื”"ื, ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืž"ืš; ื‘"ื™ ืื•"ื— ืกื™' ืฉืžื”, ื‘ืฉื ืฉื"ืค (ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื).
  26. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื ืคื™"ื– ื”"ื˜.
  27. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืž"ืž ืฉื ืคื™"ื– ื”"ื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื.
  28. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 7 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
  29. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืง ื; ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื‘ืช ืคื™"ื“ ื”ื›"ื’; ืขื™' ืžื’"ื ืกื™' ืฉืžื” ืกืง"ื™; ืขื™' ืž"ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ืžื, ื‘ืฉืžื•; ืขื™' ื‘ืื”"ื˜ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™ื.
  30. โ†‘ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ื“"ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘.
  31. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื’ืž' ืฉื, ื‘ื“' ืื‘ื™ื™; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื.
  32. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื, ื‘ืฉื ื™"ืž.
  33. โ†‘ ืž"ืž ืฉื: ื ืจืื”; ืžื’"ื ืฉื, ื‘ืฉืžื•; ืž"ื‘ ืฉื, ื‘ืฉื ืžื’"ื; ื‘ืื”"ื˜ ืฉื.
  34. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ื’ืž' ืฉื; ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื.
  35. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื’ืž' ืฉื, ื‘ื“' ืื‘ื™ื™.
  36. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืž"ืž ืฉื; ืขื™' ืžื’"ื ืฉื; ืขื™' ืž"ื‘ ืฉื, ื‘ืฉืžื•; ืขื™' ื‘ืื”"ื˜ ืฉื.
  37. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืž"ืž ืฉื: ื ืจืื”.
  38. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื, ื‘ืฉื ื™"ืž.
  39. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ื“"ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช.
  40. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 34 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
  41. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืชื•ืก' ืฉื‘ืช ืง ื ื“"ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ื™, ืข"ืค ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื— ื‘.
  42. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื, ื‘ืฉื ื™"ืž; ื›"ืž ืžืž"ืž ืฉื‘ืช ืคื™"ื“ ื”ื›"ื’, ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื.
  43. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืž"ืž ืฉื, ื‘ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื“ื—ื”.
  44. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื, ื‘ืฉื ืชื•ืก'; ืขื™' ืขื‘ื•ื”"ืง ืœืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื™ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉ"ื’ ืกื™' ื; ืขื™' ืž"ืž ืฉื, ื‘ืฉื ืจืฉื‘"ื; ืขื™' ืžื’"ื ื•ื‘ืื”"ื˜ ืฉื, ื‘ืฉื ืจืฉื‘"ื.
  45. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืžื’"ื ืกื™' ืฉืžื” ืกืง"ื™; ืขื™' ืž"ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ืžื, ื‘ืฉืžื•; ืขื™' ื‘ืื”"ื˜ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™ื.
  46. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฆื˜ ื‘; ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื‘ืช ืคื™"ื“ ื”"ื’; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ืื•"ื— ืฉืžื” ื’.
  47. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื’ืž' ืฉื; ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื.
  48. โ†‘ ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื’ืž' ืฉื; ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื.
  49. โ†‘ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื– ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื•; ืขื™' ืขื‘ื•ื”"ืง ืœืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื™ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉ"ื’ ืกื™' ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืฉืžื” ื“.
  50. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื’ืž' ืฉื; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื‘ืช ืคื™"ื“ ื”"ื™; ืขื™' ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื; ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื.
  51. โ†‘ ืขืจื”"ืฉ ืฉื ืกื™"ื.
  52. โ†‘ ืข'ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื”"ืง ืฉื; ืขื™' ืจืž"ื ืฉื, ืœืคื™ ืž"ื‘ ืฉื ืก"ืง ื™ื.
  53. โ†‘ ืชื•ืก' ืฉื‘ืช ื– ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ื”ืœื›ื”.
  54. โ†‘ ืชื•ืก' ืฉื, ื‘ืžืกืงื ื”, ืœืคื™ ืขื•"ืฉ ืกื™' ืฉืžื” ืกืง"ื“ ื•ื‘ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืฉื ื“"ื” ื•ืื ื”ื ื•ืกื™' ืฉื ื’ ื“"ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื™' ื•ืžืืž"ืจ ืกื™' ืฉืžื” ืกืง"ื‘, ื•ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื 55, 56, ืฉื™"ืž ื‘ืข"ื; ืจื™"ื• ืชื"ื• ื ื™"ื‘ ื—"ื“ (ืขื ื), ื‘ืฉื ืชื•ืก'.
  55. โ†‘ ืชื•ืก' ืฉื, ื‘ืžืกืงื ื”, ืœืคื™ ืžื’"ื ืฉื ืกืง"ื‘, ื•ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื 54, 56, ืฉื™"ืž ื‘ืข"ื; ืขื‘ื•ื”"ืง ืœืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื™ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉ"ื’ ืกื™' ื; ืฉื•"ืข ื•ืจืž"ื ืฉื, ืœืคื™ ืž"ื‘ ืฉื ืกืง"ื™; ืขื™' ืขืจื”"ืฉ ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 51.
  56. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืชื•ืก' ืฉื, ื‘ืžืกืงื ื”, ืœืคื™ ืคืž"ื’ ืฉื ื"ื ืกืง"ื‘ ื•ืจืืฉ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื, ืฉืœื“' ืจื‘ื ื”ื ืจื”"ื™ ื•ืœื“' ืื‘ื™ื™ ืจื”"ืจ, ื•ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื 54, 55, ืฉื™"ืž ื‘ืข"ื.
  57. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืืฉ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื. ื•ืข"ืข ื”ืœื›ื”: ืื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืจื‘ื ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 927 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
  58. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืขื‘ื•ื”"ืง ืœืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื™ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉ"ื’ ืกื™' ื; ืขื™' ืจืž"ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืฉืžื” ื“.
  59. โ†‘ ืž"ื‘ ืฉื.
  60. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื– ื; ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื‘ืช ืคื™"ื“ ื”"ื’; ื˜ื•ืฉ"ืข ืื•"ื— ืฉืžื” ื”.
  61. โ†‘ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ื“"ื” ืขื“ ืœืจืงื™ืข.
  62. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจื‘ ื—ืกื“ื ื‘ื’ืž' ืฉื.
  63. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ืช ืง ื‘, ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“"ื” ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœืกืคื™ื ื”; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื‘ืช ืคื™"ื“ ื”"ื‘. ื•ืขื™' ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื‘ ื‘ - ืžื’ ื.
  64. โ†‘ ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืฉืžื” ื•.
  65. โ†‘ ื›"ืž ืžืžืฉื ื” ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื“ ื‘; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื; ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื.
  66. โ†‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื.
  67. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื— ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื; ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื.
  68. โ†‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื.
  69. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ื“"ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืข"ืค ืขืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื ื; ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื.
  70. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื; ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื; ืขื™' ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื.
  71. โ†‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื; ืขื™' ืฉื•"ืข ืฉื.
  72. โ†‘ ืจื™"ืฃ ืฉื (ื’ ื).
  73. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืชื•ืก' ืฉื‘ืช ื— ื ื“"ื” ืจื—ื‘ื”.
  74. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจื™"ืฃ ืฉื (ื’ ื); ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื‘ืช ืคื™"ื“ ื”"ื‘, ืœืคื™ ืขื•"ืฉ ืกื™' ืฉืžื” ืกืง"ื”; ืขื™' ืชื•ืก' ืฉื, ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ื—; ืฉื•"ืข ืื•"ื— ืฉืžื” ื•, ืœืคื™ ืขื•"ืฉ ืฉื.
  75. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ื“"ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.