ืื ืฆื™ืงืœื•ืคื“ื™ื” ืชืœืžื•ื“ื™ืช:ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืขืจืš - ื“ื™ื ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื.

ืžื”ื•ืชื•, ืžืงื•ืจื• ื•ื’ื“ืจื•

ืžื”ื•ืชื•

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื“ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื[1]. ืขืจืš ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืžืฉืืจ ื ื–ื™ืจ. ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ, ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช. ืขืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ, ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ.

ืžืงื•ืจื•

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืื ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืขืจื• ืžื™ืงืœ ื‘ืชืขืจ[2], ื ืœืžื“ ืžื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™[3]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉืช ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืฉื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื›ื™ ื™ืคืœึดื ืœื ื“ื•ืจ ื ื“ืจ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœื”'"[4], ืžืœืžื“ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื“ื ืœืืกื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื[5]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืจืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื ืœืžื“ ืžื‘ืืฉืœื•ื[6].

ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช

ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื[7], ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื ื–ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื’ืœื— ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื[8]. ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืฉืขืจื• ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ[9], ื•ืœื“ืขืชื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ื”[10], ืฉื‘ืชื•ื ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื• ื•ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”[11], ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืื—ืช, ืืœื ืฉืžืชื—ืœืงืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืชื’ืœื—ืช ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืื—ืช, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื ื˜ืžื ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืฉื™ืขืจื• ืืฃ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ ืฉืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืชื’ืœื—ืช ืจืฉื•ืช[12], ื•ืฆื™ื“ื“ื• ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉืื ืื›ืœ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื ื–ืจืง ืขืœื™ื• ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื, ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื, ืฉื‘' ื ื–ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื, ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืŸ[13].

ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื”

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ "ืงื“ึนืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ืœ ืคืจืข ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื•"[14] ืฉื ืืžืจื” ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ[15]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืคืจืข - ืฉืคืจืข ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื[16] - ืœื ื ืืžืจื” ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื[17].

ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ืœื™ื•ื ืื—ื“

ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœื ื ืืžืจื” ื‘ื” ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื[18], ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื•ืœื“ืขืชื ืื•ืชื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ืชืชื™ ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื’ืœื— ืœืขื•ืœื[19], ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื[20]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืจืื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืืฃ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื ื ืืžืจื” ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื[21].

ื‘ืฉืืจ ื“ื™ื ื™ื•

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ืฉืืจ ื“ื™ื ื™ื• ืžืœื‘ื“ ืชื’ืœื—ืชื•[22] ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื ื–ื™ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื•ื ื•ื”ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื–ื™ืจ ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื, ื•ืื ื ื˜ืžื ืžื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ื•ื™ืฉื ื• ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืœื—ื›ื, ื•ืžื•ืคืœื ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœืื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื–ื™ืจ ืขืฆืžื•[23].

ื”ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช

ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื–ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื[24]. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื[25].

"ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื"

ื”ืื•ืžืจ "ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื", ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื: ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื[26], ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื[27], ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืขืชื, ืฉืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืงืฆื™ื‘ืช ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ืงืฆื‘ ื–ืžืŸ, ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”, ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืฉืืžืจ "ืœืขื•ืœื" ื•ืœื ืงืฆื‘ ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ืœืœ[28]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืืœื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื’ืœื— ืฉื™ืขืจื•[29], ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืขืชื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืงืฆื™ื‘ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืืœื ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆื•ื‘, ื•ื”ืื•ืžืจ "ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื" ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืืœื ื›ืฉืืžืจ "ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื"[30].

ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื›ืฉืžื•ืืœ

ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ื ื”ื•ืจืื™ ื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” "ืžื•ืจื”" "ืžื•ืจื”" ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ, ืžื” ืžื•ืจื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ - "ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•"[31] - ื”ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ืืฃ ืžื•ืจื” ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืžื•ืืœ - "ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•"[32] - ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช[33], ื•ืืžื• ื”ื“ื™ืจืชื• ื•ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื[34], ื•ืžื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ื•ื™ืฉื‘ ืฉื ืขื“ ืขื•ืœื"[35] ื ืœืžื“ ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื• ื›ืฉื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ[36]. ื•ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ, ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ืชื”ื ืขืœื™ื• ืื™ืžืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื“ื[37].

ื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจ' ื ื”ื•ืจืื™[38], ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื›ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ืจืžืชื™, ื›ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื”, ื›ื‘ืŸ ืืœืงื ื”, ื›ืžื™ ืฉืฉืกืฃ ืืช ืื’ื’ ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ, ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื[39].

ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืื ืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื›ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ืจืžืชื™ ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื›ืฉืžื•ืืœ, ืื• ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื›ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื• ื›ื‘ืŸ ืืœืงื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื™ื ื• ื›ืœื•ื, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื— ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื[40]. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ื•, ืฉืื ืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ืจืžืชื™, ื—ืœื” ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ืฆื™ื“ื“ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืืฃ ื›ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื›ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ืจืžืชื™ ื‘ืŸ ื—ื ื” ื‘ืŸ ืืœืงื ื” ื›ืžื™ ืฉืฉื™ืกืฃ ืืช ืื’ื’ ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœ, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื ื ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื ื‘ื™ื, ืฉื ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืื™ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืคื•ืจืกื[41].

ื›ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื™; ื›ืขืคืจ ื”ืืจืฅ; ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื

ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื™ ืื• ื›ืขืคืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืื• ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื, ืœื“ืขืช ืชื ื ืงืžื, ื”ืจื™ื”ื• ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื•ืžื’ืœื— ืื—ืช ืœืœ' ื™ื•ื[42], ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืžืกืคืจ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืจืืฉื• ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขืฆืžื”[43]. ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™, ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื[44], ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ, ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืื—ืช ืืจื•ื›ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื•[45]. ื•ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื“ืขืชื•: ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืืœื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื— ืœืขื•ืœื[46], ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืื—ืช ื›ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืจื• ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืžืื” ืฉื ื”[47]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื•ืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ[48], ืฉื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืžืจ "ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ" "ื ื–ื™ืจ" ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“, ื ืชืื—ื“ื” ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช[49].

ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ืขืœื™ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื™ ื›ืขืคืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืื• ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื–ื” ืืฃ ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื, ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื ื–ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืจื• ืจืืฉื•[50].

ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ื›ืชื‘ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื™ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉืืžืจ ื”ืจื™ ืขืœื™ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื™, ื™ื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืžื ื•ืช ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื” ืœ' ื™ื•ื ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื’ืœื—, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืžื•ืช[51].

ื›ืžืœื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช; ื›ืžืœื•ื ื”ืงื•ืคื”

ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ืžืœื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืื• ื›ืžืœื•ื ื”ืงื•ืคื”, ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ืื ืืžืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื•ืœื ื ืชื›ื•ื•ื ืชื™ ืืœื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืžืจื•ื‘ื” ื”ืจื™ ื–ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื ืืžืจ ืกืชื ื ื“ืจืชื™ ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื ืžืœืื” ื—ืจื“ืœ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ื•, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืœื’ืœื— ืžืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืฉื ื™ื ืขืฉืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืฉืืจ ื ื–ื™ืจื™ ืขื•ืœื[52], ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื, ืฉื›ืฉืืžืจ "ื›ืžืœื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืช" ืื• "ื›ืžืœื•ื ื”ืงื•ืคื”" ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืžื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช - ื•ืื™ื ื• ื›ืฉืขืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืื• ื›ื—ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื, ืฉื”ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ืฉืขืจ ืจืืฉื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื”[53], ืฉื”ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื[54] - ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืื—ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื[55].

ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ืชืชื™

ื”ืื•ืžืจ ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ืชืชื™, ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœืฉืชื•ืช ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื˜ืžื ืœื’ืœื— ืœืขื•ืœื[56], ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื[57], ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ืขืฉื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื[58], ื•ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืชื—ื•ืœ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืœ' ื™ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ืžื™ืชืชื•[59].

ืชื’ืœื—ืชื•

ืžื™ืงืœ ื‘ืชืขืจ

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืขืจื•, ืžื™ืงืœ ื‘ืชืขืจ[60]. ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื ืœืžื“ ืžืื‘ืฉืœื•ื, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื - ืฉื ืืžืจ: ื•ื™ื”ื™ ืžืงืฅ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ืืžืจ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืืœ ื”ืžืœืš ืืœื›ื” ื ื ื•ืืฉืœื ืืช ื ื“ืจื™ ืืฉืจ ื ื“ืจืชื™ ืœื”' ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืŸ[61], ื•ืกืชื ื ื“ืจ ืžืฉืžืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช[62], ืื• ืฉืžื›ืš ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืœื— ืืœื ืžื–ืžืŸ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืขืจื• ื•ื ื“ืจ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช[63], ืื• ืฉืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื[64] - ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืœื— ืจืืฉื•, ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘: ื•ื‘ื’ืœื—ื• ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืฅ ื™ืžื™ื ืœื™ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื’ืœื— ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื’ืœื—ื•[65], ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื ืœืžื“ ืžื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™[66], ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื™ืงืœ ืฉืขืจื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ืกื‘ืจื ืฉืชื”ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ืจื”[67]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™[68], ื•ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื[69]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื ื‘ื™ืื™ื[70].

ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื—

ื”ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ืชืขืจ ื›ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืขืจื•, ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืืœื ืจืฉื•ืช[71]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื–ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื— ืฉื™ืขืจื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ[72], ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื—, ื•ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืฉื™ืขืจื• ืœื’ืžืจื™[73], ื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ืช ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื›ืฉืืจ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื•[74], ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื—, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืชืื—ืจ ืชื’ืœื—ืชื•[75]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืืฃ ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืฉื™ืขืจื• ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื’ืœื— ื›ื ื–ื™ืจ, ืืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื’ืœื—[76]. ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืžืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช[77], ื›ืชื‘ื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืืœื ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื’ืœื—, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืœื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืœ' ื™ื•ื[78].

ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืฉื™ืขืจื• ื›ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“, ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืฉืขืจื• ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืืœื ืจืง ืžื™ืงืœ[79], ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื™ืฃ ืจืืฉื•[80]. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื, ื›ืชื‘ื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ืฉื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ, ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืจืืฉื•, ื•ืžืฆื“ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืงืคืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ืงื™ืคื•[81], ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืœื ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•[82]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืฉืขืจื• ืœื’ืžืจื™[83], ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืกื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœื’ืœื— ืฉืขืจื• ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ "ืชืขืจ ืœื ื™ืขื‘ึนืจ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•"[84], ืฉื›ืชื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืœื ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืืœื ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื[85], ื•ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืขืชื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฆื•ื” ืขืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืœื’ืœื— ืฉืขืจื•[86].

ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขืจื• ืœื’ืžืจื™[87], ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื•, ืฉืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื–ื™ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืจืืฉื•, ืืฃ ื›ืฉืžืฉืื™ืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื• ืœืขื™ืงืจื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ "ื’ื“ืœ ืคืจืข"[88], ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื ืชื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืจืฉืื™ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืขืจื• ื•ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื• ืœืขื™ืงืจื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืฉื”[89], ื•ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืจืืฉื•, ืืฃ ื›ืฉื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื• ืœืขื™ืงืจื• ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืฉื”[90], ืฆื™ื“ื“ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืื•ืชื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื ืชื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืขืจื• ื•ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืฃ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื• ืœืขื™ืงืจื•[91].

ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื‘ืชืขืจ

ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ืฉื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ืฉื”, ื›ืชื‘ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืชืขืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื[92], ืžื”ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื˜ืขื, ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงืฆืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืจื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื[93], ื•ืžื”ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื˜ืขื, ืฉื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื›ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืขืจื• ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืŸ[94], ื•ื›ืœ ืชื’ืœื—ืช ืžืฆื•ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืชืขืจ, ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืŸ[95]. ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขืจื•[96], ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœื“ืขื” ื–ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ืžืฆื•ื”[97], ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื— ื‘ืชืขืจ ื“ื•ืงื[98], ื•ืžื”ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืืฃ ืืกื•ืจ ืœื• ืœื’ืœื— ื‘ืชืขืจ[99].

ืฉืจื™ืคืช ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืชื—ืช ื”ื“ื•ื“

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืฉืขืจื• ื›ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“, ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฉืขืจื• ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืชื—ืช ื”ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื• ืžืชื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืฉืขืจื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื•[100].

ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื—

ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืขืจื•, ืฉื‘ื• ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืžื’ืœื—, ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื• ืชื ืื™ื[101]: ื) ืœื“ืขืช ืจื‘ื™, ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ[102], ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืขืจื•[103], ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ "ื•ื‘ื’ึทืœึฐื—ื• ืืช ืจืืฉื• ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืฅ ื™ืžื™ื ืœื™ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื’ืœื— ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื’ึดืœื—ื•"[104], ื•ืœืžื“ื• "ื™ืžื™ื" "ื™ืžื™ื" ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื•ื” ืžื‘ืชื™-ืขืจื™-ื—ื•ืžื”* - ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื "ื™ืžื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ื’ืึปืœืชื•"[105] ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื "ืขื“ ืžืœืืช ืœื• ืฉื ื” ืชืžื™ืžื”"[106] ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉ"ื™ืžื™ื" ื”ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื”[107] - ืžื” ืฉื ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ[108]. ื‘) ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ื ื”ื•ืจืื™, ืžื’ืœื— ืื—ื“ ืœืฉืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ืืฆืœ ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืฉืžืชื’ืœื—ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืœ' ื™ื•ื[109], ืฉื‘ืฉืœืฉื™ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“[110] ื•ืœื›ืš ื ืฆื˜ื•ื• ืœื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื[111], ื•ื›ืฉื ืฉื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ ื•ืžื’ืœื—ื™ื, ื›ืš ื‘ืงื“ื•ืฉืช ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื[112]. ื’) ืœื“ืขืช ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™, ืžื’ืœื— ืžืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืžืœื›ื™ื ืฉืžื’ืœื—ื™ื ืžืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช ืœืขืจื‘ ืฉื‘ืช[113], ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื›ืœ ื—' ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืœื”ืฆืจื™ืš ืงืฆืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื—[114].

ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื, ืฉืœื ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื, ืฉื‘ืœ' ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“[115], ื•ื‘ื“ืขืชื ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื—ืœืง, ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืืžืจ "ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื", ื“ื™ื ื• ืœื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืืžืจ "ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื", ื ื—ืœืงื• ื‘ื• ื”ืชื ืื™ื[116].

ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื–ืžืŸ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™, ื•ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืืกืžื›ืชื[117].

ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ื›ืชื‘ื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ[118]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื[119].

ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉื™ืขืจื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื™ืขืจื•, ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื— ืฉื™ืขืจื• ืืœื ืœืื—ืจ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืŸ[120], ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ "ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉื™ืขืจื•" ืืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจ ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช[121].

ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื•ื

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ืขืจื‘, ืืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ื‘ื• ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ืžื’ืœื— ืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•[122].

ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ืฉืฆื™ื“ื“ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื ื’ื™ืœื— ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืขืจื•, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœืื• ืฉืœ "ืชืขืจ ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•" ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ, ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื[123], ื•ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื• "ื•ืžื•ืจื” ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉื•"[124].

ื ื˜ืžื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฉื ื˜ืžื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื•ื ืชื’ืœื— ืชื’ืœื—ืช ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ื ืกืชืคืงื• ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื”ืื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื’ืœื— ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื•ื ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ื™"ื‘ ืžื’ื™ืœื•ื— ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื”[125].

ื”ื‘ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื›ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืฉื™ืขืจื• ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“[126], ืžื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืฉืœืฉ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช[127], ื—ื˜ืืช ืขื•ืœื” ื•ืฉืœืžื™ื[128], ื•ื”ื ืื•ืชื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื ื™ืžื™ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื•[129]. ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืœืžื“ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™, ื•ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื•ื”ื• ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื[130].

ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช

ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื™ื, ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืœ ืชืื—ืจ, ื•ืื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžื’' ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช[131], ื•ื”ื˜ืขื, ืฉืœื“ืขื” ื–ื• ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”[132]. ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ื ื–ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื[133], ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื•[134]. ื•ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื— ืฉืขืจื• ืœื’ืžืจื™[135], ื›ืชื‘ื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื•[136].

ืชื ื•ืคืช ื–ืจื•ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืœื” ื•ืžืฆื•ืช

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื›ืฉืžื’ืœื—, ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื“ื“ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ืžืฆื•ืช ืชื ื•ืคืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ื‘ืฉื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืžืฆื•ืช, ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื•[137], ื•ืœื“ืขืชื ื–ื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืžื” ืชื ื•ืคื”[138], ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื— ืฉืขืจื• ื‘ื‘ืžื”* ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืŸ[139].

ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช: ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื•ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช

ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื•ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช - ืฉื ื–ื™ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื•, ืžื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืื—ืจ ืžื’ืœื—[140] - ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจ ืžื’ืœื—, ื›ื ื–ื™ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื•[141]. ื•ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื— ืฉืขืจื• ืœื’ืžืจื™[142], ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื—ืช ื”ื™ื ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ื›ืชื’ืœื—ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ[143], ื™ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฆื™ื“ื“ื• ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืงื•ื“ื ืžื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจ ืžื’ืœื—, ื›ื›ืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ[144], ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื•, ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื–ื™ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื—ืœืช ื˜ื”ืจืชื• ืื ื’ื™ืœื— ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื’' ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื™ืฆื[145], ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืฉืขืจื•, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ืชื’ืœื—ืช ื˜ื”ืจื” ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื’ืœื— ื›ืฉื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืขืจื•, ืงื•ื“ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื’' ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืจืง ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื—[146]. ื•ื™ืฉ ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื— ืืฃ ืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื’' ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช[147].

ืฉืืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื—

ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืฉื™ืขืจื•, ื›ืชื‘ื• ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ืœื•ืงื” ืขืœื™ื”ื[148].

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืฉื•ืœื™ื™ื

  1. โ†‘ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื. ืขืœ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืืžื™ืจื” ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 24 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
  2. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืœื”ืœืŸ.
  3. โ†‘ ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื; ื—ื™' ืจ"ืค ืฉื, ื•ืฉื ื‘ ืžืชื•ืก' ืคืจืฅ ื”ื›ื”ืŸ ื“"ื” ื•ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื; ืžื "ื— ืž' ืฉืกื— ืื•ืช ื™ื‘.
  4. โ†‘ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื• ื‘.
  5. โ†‘ ื—ื™' ืจ"ืค ืฉื ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ื ืจืื” ืœื™.
  6. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืกื ื‘ ื“"ื” ืžื™ ื›ืชื™ื‘, ื•ืฉืขื•ืจื™ ืจืž"ื“ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื‘ (ืขืž' ืœื˜) ื“"ื” ื•ื”ืจืื”, ื‘ื“ืขืชื•.
  7. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 67.
  8. โ†‘ ืจ"ื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืจ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื ื“"ื” ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืขืจื•, ื‘ื“' ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 67.
  9. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 34.
  10. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 25.
  11. โ†‘ ื—ื–ื•"ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื™' ืงืœื– ืื•ืช ื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘ ืฉืž' ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืž"ืข ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื—, ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 17.
  12. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช. ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื ื‘, ื‘ื˜ืขื ืฉืžืฆื•ื” ืœื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื›ืื•' ื‘ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืื•ืกืจืชื• ื‘ืชื’ืœื—ืช ื•ืื™ืš ืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื™ื“ื—ื” ืขืฉื” ื•ืœ"ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื ื–ื™ืจ.
  13. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช. ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื ืื•ืช ื.
  14. โ†‘ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื• ื”.
  15. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคืจืข ื•ืข' ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช. ื—ื–ื•"ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื™' ืงืœื– ืื•ืช ื.
  16. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคืจืข.
  17. โ†‘ ื—ื–ื•"ื™ ืœืชื•ืกืค' ื ื–ื™ืจ ืค"ื ื”"ื“ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื (ืขืž' 6) ื“"ื” ื•ืœื›ืื•', ื•ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 30.
  18. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช.
  19. โ†‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื“ ื”"ื™.
  20. โ†‘ ื—ื–ื•"ื™ ืœืชื•ืกืค' ื ื–ื™ืจ ืค"ื ื”"ื“ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื (ืขืž' 6), ื•ืขื™"ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืžื—ืœ' ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื—, ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 60 ื•ืื™ืœืš, ืฉืืฃ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ืฉืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ื™ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื• ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืœื ื ื—ืœืงื• ืžืฆื“ ืž"ืข ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืคืจืข ืฉืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื, ืืœื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืขืจื•, ื•ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 27. ื•ืœื›ืื•' ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืื• ื“ื•ืงื, ืืœื ื–ืžืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื— ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉืœื ื›ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืฉืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืชื—ื™ืœ ืจืง ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื™ืชืชื•.
  21. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืžืืžืจ ืจ"ืฉ ืกื•ืคืจ ื‘ืก' ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืจ"ื™ ืื‘ืจืžืกืงื™ ืขืž' ืชื ื’ ืฉืฆื™ื“ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ; ืขื™' ื—ื–ื•"ื ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื™' ืงืœื– ืื•ืช ื ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 26 ืฉื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืž"ืข ืฉืœ ืงื“ื•ืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ืœ ืคืจืข, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืข ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืœ' ื™ื•ื;
  22. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 60 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
  23. โ†‘ ืžื "ื— ืž' ืฉืกื— ืื•ืช ื™ื‘. ื•ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช.
  24. โ†‘ ื’ืž' ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื. ื•ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื”ืœืŸ.
  25. โ†‘ ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉื ื– ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื.
  26. โ†‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื; ืจ"ื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืจ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื– ื.
  27. โ†‘ ืจ"ื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืจ ืฉื.
  28. โ†‘ ืฆืคื "ืค ืฉื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื ื“"ื” ื•ื ืจืื”.
  29. โ†‘ ื”ืฉื’' ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื; ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื™ื“ ื.
  30. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆืคื "ืค ื•ื—ื™' ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ืฉื ื•ืฉื, ืืœื ืฉืฆ"ืข, ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืื•ืžืจ "ื›ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™" ื ืขืฉื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืขื™' ืฉืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื“ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง ื ื–ื™ืจ ื– ื (ืขืž' ืกื-ืกื‘] ืฉื”ืง' ื›ืŸ ื•ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆ"ืข.
  31. โ†‘ ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื’ ื”.
  32. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•"ื ื ื™ื.
  33. โ†‘ ืžืฉื ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืกื• ื.
  34. โ†‘ ืžื’ื™ื“ ืžืฉื ื” ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื˜"ื–, ืฉืœื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ ืืœื ืืช ืขืฆื ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช. ื•ืขื™' ืžืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื“ื” ืฉื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ.
  35. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•"ื ืฉื ื›ื‘.
  36. โ†‘ ื‘ืืจ ืžืฉื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ื›ื— ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช.
  37. โ†‘ ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื.
  38. โ†‘ ืคื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื. ื•ืขื™' ืžืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื“ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืกื• ื ืฉืคืกืง ื›ืจ' ื ื”ื•ืจืื™ ื•ืœื ื›ืจ"ื™, ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืจ"ื™ ืžื—ื‘ืจื•, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืกืชื ืžืฉื ื” ื›ืจ' ื ื”ื•ืจืื™.
  39. โ†‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื˜"ื–.
  40. โ†‘ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืกืคืจ (ืงืื–ื™ืก) ืœืื•ื™ืŸ ืจื  (ืงืžื ื‘).
  41. โ†‘ ืžื’ื™ืœืช ืกืคืจ ืฉื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืกืž"ื’ ืฉื ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื˜"ื–. ื•ืขื™' ืฆืคื "ืค ืžื”ื“ื•"ืช (ืขืž' 172 ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ ื“"ื” ื”ืฉืžื˜ื” ืœื“ืฃ ื™ื‘) ื‘ื˜ืขื ืฉื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืžื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืจืง ื›ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื•ื"ืฆ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ืŸ ืืœืงื ื” ื•ื›ื•', ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช-ืฉืžืฉื•ืŸ, ืข"ืข.
  42. โ†‘ ืžืฉื ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ื— ื.
  43. โ†‘ ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืฉื, ื•ืขื™"ืฉ ืฉื“ืŸ ืื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ ืœื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช.
  44. โ†‘ ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื.
  45. โ†‘ ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื; ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืฉื.
  46. โ†‘ ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื; ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืฉืž"ืง ืฉื; ืจ"ื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืจ ืฉื; ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืฉื ื‘ืคื™' ื”ื'.
  47. โ†‘ ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื.
  48. โ†‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื—; ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืฉื ื‘ืคื™' ื”ื‘'.
  49. โ†‘ ืคื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ืฉื.
  50. โ†‘ ืžืฉื ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ื— ื ื•ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื.
  51. โ†‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื—; ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืฉื.
  52. โ†‘ ืžืฉื ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ื— ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืคื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืค"ื ืž"ื“ ื•ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื–.
  53. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 116 ื•ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 124 ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืœื›ื”.
  54. โ†‘ ืžืขืฉืจ"ืง ืœื”ืœืŸ.
  55. โ†‘ ืžืขืฉืจ"ืง ืฉื ื”ื™"ื—, ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื•' ื”ืœื—"ืž ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืฉืคืกืง ืฉืกืชื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืงืœ, ื"ื› ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืœืคืกื•ืง ืฉืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืœืื” ื—ืจื“ืœ ืื• ืงื™ืฉื•ืื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆื•ื‘, ืขื™' ื ื–ื™ืจ ื— ื. ื•ืขื™' ื—ื™' ืจ' ืžืื™ืจ ืฉืžื—ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ื— ื.
  56. โ†‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื“ ื”"ื™.
  57. โ†‘ ื—ื–ื•"ื™ ืœืชื•ืกืค' ื ื–ื™ืจ ืค"ื ื”"ื“, ื•ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 31.
  58. โ†‘ ืจ"ืฉ ืกื•ืคืจ, ื‘ืก' ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœืจ"ื™ ืื‘ืจืžืกืงื™ ืขืž' ืชื ื‘.
  59. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืžื "ื— ืž' ืฉืกื— ืื•ืช ื™ื’ ื“"ื” ืžื”; ืื•"ืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”"ื‘.
  60. โ†‘ ืžืฉื ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื.
  61. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘ ื˜ื• ื–.
  62. โ†‘ ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ื“"ื” ืืช ื ื“ืจื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื'.
  63. โ†‘ ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘'.
  64. โ†‘ ืžืื™ืจื™ ืฉื ื“ ื.
  65. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืฉื ื™ื“ ื›ื•. ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื. ืขื™' ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื; ืชื•ืก' ืฉื; ื—ื™' ืจ"ืค ืฉื.
  66. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 3.
  67. โ†‘ ื—ื™' ืจ"ืค ืฉื ื“"ื” ื•ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื.
  68. โ†‘ ืค' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืฉื ื; ืงืจื™"ืก ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘. ื•ืขื™' ื›ืก"ืž ืฉื ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ืฉื›ืชื‘: ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืžืคื™ ืงื‘ืœื”, ืฉื”ืœืœ"ืž ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื ' ืฉื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื—. ื•ืขื™' ืกืคืจื™ ื ืฉื ืคื™ืก' ืœื‘ ืขื”"ืค "ื–ืืช ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ": ืื—ื“ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืื—ื“ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื, ื•ืž' ืฉืืฃ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื•ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืฉื, ื•ืฆ"ื‘.
  69. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื‘. ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื.
  70. โ†‘ ืฉื•"ืช ื–ืจืข ืื‘ืจื”ื (ื™ืฆื—ืงื™) ื™ื•"ื“ ืกื™' ืœื (ื“"ื” ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื—), ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื, ืฉื›ืชื‘: ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืžืคื™ ืงื‘ืœื”.
  71. โ†‘ ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื— ื ื“"ื” ื”ืจื™ื ื™; ืชื•ืก' ืจ"ืค ื‘ื—ื™' ืจ"ืค ื ื–ื™ืจ ื” ื (ืžื”ื“' ื‘ืœื•ื™ ืขืž' ื›ื–), ื•ืขื™"ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื›ืŸ ืืฃ ื‘ื“' ืจื‘ื™ ืฉืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ื•ืขื™' ืงืจ"ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ื— ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื ื”, ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื” ืœื“ืขื” ื–ื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื”ื™ืืš ืžื‘ื™ื ื—ื˜ืืช ื•ื”ืจื™ ื—ื˜ืืช ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืื” ื‘ื ื“ื‘ื”, ืข"ืข ื—ื˜ืืช.
  72. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 25.
  73. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 30.
  74. โ†‘ ื—ื–ื•"ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื™' ืงืœื– ืื•ืช ื. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ืคื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืค"ื ืž"ื‘: ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื• ืœื’ืœื— ื‘ืชืขืจ, ื•ืž' ืฉืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื ื‘ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช. ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฆ"ื‘, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉื ืฉืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ืื™ื ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ื"ื› ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ืชืขืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืžืฆื“ ื' ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืฉืขืจื•, ื•ืžืฆื“ ื‘' ื›ื•ืชื‘ ืฉืžื’ืœื— ื‘ืชืขืจ ื“ื•ืงื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื.
  75. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื ื“ืจื™ื ื“ ื ื•ืข' ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช. ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื. ื•ืขื™' ืžื "ื— ืž' ืฉืกื— ืื•ืช ื™ื‘ ืฉื‘ื“"ื” ื•ืžื” ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื“"ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื• ื ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืฉืžื ื™"ืœ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื”.
  76. โ†‘ ืžืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื“ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื. ื•ืขื™' ืฆืคื "ืค ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘.
  77. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 60.
  78. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช. ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื ืื•ืช ื– ื“"ื” ื•ืื™.
  79. โ†‘ ืชื•ืก' ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื ื“"ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื; ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืฉื, ื•ืขื™"ืฉ ื‘; ื—ื™' ืจ"ืค ืฉื; ืžืื™ืจื™ ืฉื. ื•ืขื™"ืฉ ืฉืจืื™ื™ืชื ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื ืชืœื” ื‘ืฉืขืจื• (ืขื™' ืฉืžื•"ื‘ ื™ื— ื˜) ื•ื"ื› ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืฉืœื ื’ื™ืœื— ืฉืขืจื• ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื•ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงืœ ื›ืš ืžืฉืžืข, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื ืชื’ืื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขืจื• ื•ื"ื› ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ื’ื™ืœื— ืœื’ืžืจื™.
  80. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ื”ืงืคืช ื”ืจืืฉ. ืžื "ื— ืž' ืฉืกื— ืื•ืช ื™ื‘.
  81. โ†‘ ืžื "ื— ืฉื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืชื•ืก'.
  82. โ†‘ ื—ื–ื•"ื ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื™' ืงืœื– ืื•ืช ื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืชื•ืก' ื•ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 21 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
  83. โ†‘ ืžืื™ืจื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืคื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืค"ื ืž"ื‘, ื•ืชืžื” ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ืขื™"ืฉ ื‘ืžืื™ืจื™ ื‘ ืฉื”ืง' ืขื•ื“ ืžื“' ืจ' ื™ื•ืกื™ ืฉืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ื—' ื™ืžื™ื, ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 60, ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื—' ื™ืžื™ื ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืœื— ืฉืขืจื• ื•ืฉืขืจื• ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืงืœ ืžืืชื™ื ืฉืงืœื™ื, ืขื™' ืฉืžื•"ื‘ ื™ื“ ื›ื•, ื•ืขื™' ื—ื–ื•"ื ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื™' ืงืœื– ืื•ืช ื, ืฉืชื™' ืข"ืค ืกื•ื˜ื” ื™ ื ืฉืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื ื‘ืจื ืฉืขืจื• ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœื”; ืžื "ื— ื•ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื ื•ืฉื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘. ื•ืขื™' ืžืจื•ืžื™ ืฉื“ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื ืฉื ืงื˜ื• ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื™ืงืœ, ืฉืœื›ืื•' ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื— ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืจืฉื•ืช, ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 25. ื•ืขื™' ืžืื™ืจื™
  84. โ†‘ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื• ื”. ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช.
  85. โ†‘ ืคื”ืž"ืฉ ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื. ื•ืขื™' ื—ื™' ื”ืจืž"ืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื. ื•ืขื™' ืฉืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื“ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื (ืขืž' ืœื“) ื“"ื” ื•ื™ืœ"ืข, ืฉืžืฆื“ื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื’ืœื— ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืžื™ ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื•, ืืœื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื™ืžื™ ืžืœืื•ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืœื— ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
  86. โ†‘ ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื, ื•ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 22.
  87. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 26.
  88. โ†‘ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื• ื”. ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช. ืขื™' ืชื•ืก' ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœื˜ ื‘ ื“"ื” ืช"ืจ.
  89. โ†‘ ื—ื™' ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ืข"ืฉ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆ"ืข, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 26 ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืื™ ืœื—ืชื•ืš ื›ืœ ืฉืขืจื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื›ืš ืฉืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื ืชืœื” ื‘ืฉืขืจื•, ื"ื› ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื•ืฃ ืจืืฉื• ืœืขื™ืงืจื•.
  90. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืขื™' ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืœื˜ ื‘ ื“"ื” ืœืžื™ืžืจื.
  91. โ†‘ ื—ื™' ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ืฉื.
  92. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘ ื•ื—ื–ื•"ื ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื™' ืงืœื– ืื•ืช ื ื‘ื“ืขืชื•; ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื, ื•ืขื™"ืฉ ื‘; ื—ื™' ืจ"ืค ืฉื; ืžืื™ืจื™ ืฉื; ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืœื—ื›ืžื™ ืื™ื•ื•ืจื ืฉื.
  93. โ†‘ ืžืื™ืจื™ ืฉื.
  94. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 22.
  95. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ืชื’ืœื—ืช ื ื–ื™ืจ. ืžื "ื— ืž' ืฉืกื— ืื•ืช ื™ื‘ ืฉืฆื™ื“ื“ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆ"ืข; ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื.
  96. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 26.
  97. โ†‘ ืžื "ื— ื•ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื ื•ืฉื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืชื•ืก' ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 26.
  98. โ†‘ ืžื "ื— ืฉื.
  99. โ†‘ ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื.
  100. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ืชื’ืœื—ืช ื ื–ื™ืจ. ื—ื–ื•"ื ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื™' ืงืœื– ืื•ืช ื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘, ืฉืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืฉืขืจื•, ื•ืž' ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 22.
  101. โ†‘ ืชื•ืก' ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ืฉื ื– ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ื”ืชื ื™ื, ื•ืขื™"ืฉ ื” ื ื“"ื” ืž"ื˜; ืขื™' ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื ื” ื ื“"ื” ืž"ื˜; ืขื™' ื—ื™' ืจ"ืค ืฉื ื“"ื” ื•ืื™ื‘ืขื™ืช ืื™ืžื; ืžืื™ืจื™ ืฉื; ืขื™' ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืฉื ื“"ื” ืžืื™ ื˜ืขืžื. ื•ืขื™' ืฉืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื“ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง ื ื–ื™ืจ ื” ื (ืขืž' ืžื) ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจื™"ื–, ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘' ื“ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ื' ืฉืื™ื ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืขืจื• ืžื™ืงืœ, ื•ื”ื‘' ืฉื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืชื’ืœื—ืช, ืฉื"ื ืœื’ืœื— ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื›ื‘ื“ืช ื”ืฉืขืจ, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืœื— ืฉืขืจื• ืื ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“.
  102. โ†‘ ื‘ืจื™ืชื ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื‘, ื•ืขื™' ืœื”ืœืŸ.
  103. โ†‘ ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื.
  104. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•"ื‘ ื™ื“ ื›ื•.
  105. โ†‘ ื•ื™ืงืจื ื›ื” ื›ื˜.
  106. โ†‘ ืฉื ืœ.
  107. โ†‘ ืชื•ืก' ื ื–ื™ืจ ื” ื ื“"ื” ืื™ืŸ ื•ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื.
  108. โ†‘ ื’ืž' ืฉื ื‘, ื•ืขื™"ืฉ ื‘ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ืœืžื“ื• ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื. ื•ืขื™' ืžื "ื— ืž' ืฉืกื— ืื•ืช ื™ื‘ ื•ืจืขืง"ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ืฉื, ืฉื”ืงืฉื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืขืจื™ ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืก"ื” ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื"ื› ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื ืจืง ืฉื "ื“ ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ืขืจื™ ื—ื•ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื ื”, ื•ื"ื› ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืœื— ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ื™"ื’ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืžื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืž' ืฉื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™"ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ืขืจื™ ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขืช ืœืขืช, ื•ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
  109. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืคืจืข ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 29 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
  110. โ†‘ ื‘ืจื™ืชื ื•ื’ืž' ื ื–ื™ืจ ื” ื; ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื; ื—ื™' ืจ"ืค ืฉื; ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืฉื.
  111. โ†‘ ื—ื™' ืจ"ืค ืฉื; ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืฉื.
  112. โ†‘ ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ื“"ื” ืื™ืŸ, ื‘ื˜ืขื ืฉืœืžื“ื• ืžื›ื”ื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื ื–ื™ืจ, ืืข"ืค ืฉื›ื”ื ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ื ืœืžื“ ืžื ื–ื™ืจ.
  113. โ†‘ ื‘ืจื™ืชื ื•ื’ืž' ืฉื. ื•ืขื™' ื’ืž' ืฉื, ืฉื”ื”ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ืœื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืžืฉื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžืœืš, ืฉื’ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื’ืœื—ื™ื ืžืขืจ"ืฉ ืœืขืจ"ืฉ, ืฉืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืœื— ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื™ื•"ื˜, ืื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืœื— ืืœื ืขื“ ืžืžืฉ ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื‘ืช.
  114. โ†‘ ืžืื™ืจื™ ืฉื.
  115. โ†‘ ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื ื“"ื” ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉื ื‘ ื“"ื” ื”"ื’, ื•ืขื™' ืžืœ"ืž ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘ ืฉืชืžื”, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื, ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžืื™ ื ืคืง"ืž ื‘ืžื—' ืžืชื™ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื’ื™ืœื•ื—, ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื”ื™ื”, ื•ืขื™' ืงืจ"ื ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 71.
  116. โ†‘ ืงืจ"ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื‘, ื‘ื“' ื”ืžืคืจืฉ, ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื•' ื”ืžืœ"ืž ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 70.
  117. โ†‘ ื›ืก"ืž ื•ืžืขืฉืจ"ืง ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘, ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉื ืฉื›': ื•ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื”, ื•ืžื•ืกื‘ ืืฃ ืขืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื—, ืื•ืœื ืฆ"ื‘, ื”ื™ืืš ื™ืคืจืฉ ืืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื. ื•ืขื™' ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื ื“"ื” ื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“, ืฉื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื”ืœื›ืชื ื’ืžื™ืจื™ ืœื” ื•ืงืจืื™ ืืกืžื›ืชื ื‘ืขืœืžื ื ื™ื ื”ื•, ื•ืฆ"ื‘ ืื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืืฃ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื ื”ืœืœ"ืž.
  118. โ†‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืคื™ื”ืž"ืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืค"ื ื”"ื‘ ื•ื‘ื”ืœ' ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘.
  119. โ†‘ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืชืžื•ืจื” ื™ื“ ื ื“"ื” ืืฉืจ ื ื“ืจืชื™, ื•ืฉืืฃ ืื‘ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื, ื•ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืื•ืช ื›ื˜ ืฉืžื’ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™ "ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”", ื•ืขื™' ืจื’ืž"ื” ืฉื ืฉื™ืฉ ื’ื™' ืฉืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ืฉ ื’ื™' ืฉืžื’ืœื— ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื”; ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื ื“"ื” ื”ืจื™ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื•ืฉื ื‘ ื“"ื” ื”"ื’; ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ืค"ื. ื•ืขื™' ืงืจ"ื ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 71.
  120. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 72.
  121. โ†‘ ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ (ืจ"ื™ ื”ื•ื˜ื ืจ) ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘ ืขืž' ืฆ.
  122. โ†‘ ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ื ื–ื™ืจ ื” ื; ืจ' ืขื–ืจื™ืืœ ืฉื.
  123. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื ื–ื™ืจ ืกื• ื.
  124. โ†‘ ืฉืžื•"ื ื ื™ื. ืฉืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื“ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื (ืขืž' ืœื“) ื“"ื” ื•ื™ืœ"ืข. ื•ืขื™' ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 40.
  125. โ†‘ ื™ืจื•' ื ื–ื™ืจ ืค"ื ื”"ื‘ (ื’ ื‘). ื•ืœื›ืื•' ืœืฆื“ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื’ืœื—, ืž' ืฉื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื™ื‘ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืจืง ืžืฆื“ ื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ืืœื ื›ืกื™ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 10.
  126. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 13 ื•ืื™ืœืš.
  127. โ†‘ ืžืฉื ื” ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื; ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘.
  128. โ†‘ ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื.
  129. โ†‘ ื‘ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื• ื™ื“, ื•ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช.
  130. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื‘. ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ื ื“"ื” ื•ืžื‘ื™ื; ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืฉื; ื—ื™' ืจ"ืค ืฉื; ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘; ืงืจื™"ืก ืฉื. ื•ืขื™' ืกืคืจื™ ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 21, ื•ืฆ"ื‘.
  131. โ†‘ ื—ื–ื•"ื ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื™' ืงืœื– ืื•ืช ื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘, ืฉืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืฉืขืจื• ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื•ืž' ืฉื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื—, ื•ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 29.
  132. โ†‘ ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื, ื•ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื 10 ื•ืื™ืœืš, 29, 41.
  133. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 7
  134. โ†‘ ืขื™' ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื ื“"ื” ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื“ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง ืฉื (ืขืž' ืœื’) ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื ื”, ื•ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 88; ืขื™' ืจ"ื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืจ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื, ื•ืœืคื™ ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 83 ื ืืžืจ ื’"ื› ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจ"ื ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืœ' ื™ื•ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช.
  135. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืชื•ืก' ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 34.
  136. โ†‘ ื—ื–ื•"ื ืฉื, ื‘ื“' ื”ืชื•ืก' ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื’ืœื— ื›ืœ ืฉืขืจื•, ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 34, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื•ืž' ืฉืื™ื ื” ื›ืกื™ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช.
  137. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช. ื—ื™' ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ืชืžื•ืจื” ื™ื“ ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆ"ื‘, ื•ืขื™' ื—ื™' ื”ื’ืจ"ื– ืœืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื— ื”"ื.
  138. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ื‘ืžื” ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 167.
  139. โ†‘ ืขื™' ืชืžื•ืจื” ืฉื ื•ืฉื˜ืž"ืง ืฉื ืื•ืช ื™ื“, ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืžื” ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 123 ื•ืื™ืœืš. ื—ื™' ื”ื’ืจ"ื– ืฉื. ื•ืœื›ืื•' ืœืกื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื™ืœื•ื— ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 10 ื•ืื™ืœืš, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืืฃ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืชื ื•ืคื”.
  140. โ†‘ ืจืžื‘"ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื— ื”"ื‘. ื•ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช.
  141. โ†‘ ืฉืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื“ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื (ืขืž' ืœื’) ื“"ื” ื”ื ื”, ื‘ื“' ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ืฉื ื“"ื” ื•ืžื‘ื™ื, ืฉื›' "ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ" ื•ืž' ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืชื’ืœื—ืช ื˜ื”ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ืื•ืชื• ืกื“ืจ. ื•ืœื›ืื•' ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“' ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื‘ ื•ื—ื–ื•"ื ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื™' ืงืœื– ืื•ืช ื ื‘ื“ืขืชื•, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื•ื ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช, ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 83. ื•ืขื™' ืคื™' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื ื–ื™ืจ ื” ื ื“"ื” ืžืื™ ืื™ื›ื ืฉื›': ืืœื ื“ืœื ืžื’ืœื— ืขื“ ื”ื‘ืืช ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืชื™ื•.
  142. โ†‘ ืชื•ืก' ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื ืฉื‘ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 34.
  143. โ†‘ ื—ื–"ื ืื”ืข"ื– ืกื™' ืงืœื– ืื•ืช ื, ื•ืขื™' ืฆื™ื•ืŸ 29; ืฉืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื“ ืกื•ืœื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆ'ื™ืง ื ื–ื™ืจ ื“ ื (ืขืž' ืœื’) ื“"ื” ื”ื ื”.
  144. โ†‘ ืฉืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื“ ืฉื ื“"ื” ื•ื”ื ื”, ื•ืขื™"ืฉ ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ืชื• ืœื’ืœื— ื”ื™ื ื–ื• ืฉืžื˜ื™ืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ืฉื–ื”ื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื• ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื’ืœื—, ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš, ื“ื•ื—ืง ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื’ืœื— ื•ืื—ืจ ื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื ื–ื™ืจ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื•ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆ"ืข. ื•ืขื™' ืชื•ืจืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืจ (ืจ"ื™ ื”ื•ื˜ื ืจ) ืขืž' ืคื•.
  145. โ†‘ ืข"ืข ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช.
  146. โ†‘ ืžืœ"ืž ื ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืค"ื’ ื”ื™"ื—.
  147. โ†‘ ืงืจ"ื ื ื–ื™ืจ ื— ื‘, ื‘ื“' ื”ืชื•ืก' ืชืžื•ืจื” ื™ื“ ื‘.
  148. โ†‘ ืชืคื"ื™ ื™ื›ื™ืŸ ื ื–ื™ืจ ืค"ื ืž"ื“ ืื•ืช ืœื‘.