ื“ืจืฉื ื™:ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื•ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” (ื“ืฃ ืกื•:) (ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก)

ืžืชื•ืš ื•ื™ืงื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”
ื’ืจืกื” ืžึพ10:53, 12 ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2018 ืžืืช ืงื•ื ื˜ืจืก (ืฉื™ื—ื” | ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช) (ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื“ืฃ ืขื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ "=ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื•ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”= '''ื“ืฃ ืกื•, ื‘ ''' '''ื’ืž', ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ืืฉื” ืœื ืชื—ื•ืฃ ืœื ื‘ื ืชืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื›ื•'.''' ื”ื ื”...")
(ื”ื‘ื“ืœ) โ†’ ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช | ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” (ื”ื‘ื“ืœ) | ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ื‘ืื” โ† (ื”ื‘ื“ืœ)
ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ

ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื“ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื•ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”

ื“ืฃ ืกื•, ื‘

ื’ืž', ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ืืฉื” ืœื ืชื—ื•ืฃ ืœื ื‘ื ืชืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื›ื•'. ื”ื ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื ืช ืขื–ืจื ื•ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื‘"ืง (ืคื‘, ื) ื“ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืขื™ื•ื ื ืกื’ื™ ื“ืœืžื ืžื™ืงื˜ืจ ืื™ ื ืžื™ ืžืื•ืก ืžื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื•ืืชื ืขื–ืจื ื•ืชืงื™ืŸ ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ืฉืชื™ืงืŸ ื›ืš ืœื”ืจื—ืงื” ื“ืžื™ืœืชื.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื“ื”ืš ืชืงื ื” ื“ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืกืžื•ืš (ื“"ื” ืื) ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ืช. ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืž' ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืกืชื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืืฃ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื“ื•ืงื. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ื‘"ืง, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื‘"ืง ืฉื, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืงื˜ื• ืฉืืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื. [ืื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ืฉืžืจื™ื”ื• ื‘ืฉื ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ืŸ ืžื’ืž' ืœืงืžืŸ (ืกื—, ื), ื•ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื“ื—ื• ื”ืจืื™ื”, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื“ื—ื• ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ืื•"ื.]

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืชืงืฉื• ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืขืจ, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื•ืขืœืชื” ื•ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื“ืชืœื” ืœื” ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ืื ืขืฉืชื” ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ืงืฉื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื ืžืฆื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื” (ื•ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื’ื™' ืฉื’ืจืก ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื“ื™ื), ื•ื"ื› ืžื” ืขื ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจื” ื“ื•ืงื. ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืื•ืคื ื™ื. ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' [ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ืช] ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ืœื” ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆื ื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืฉืขืจื”. [ื•ื‘ื”ื›ื™ ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืงื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ, ื“ื”ืชื ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื ืžืฆื ื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืฉืืจ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืคื”, ืข"ืฉ.]

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื‘ืื•"ื, ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืจืง ื“ืชืœื” ืœื” ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ื’ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ (ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื’) ื“ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืžื’ืž' ื“ื”ื›ื ื“ืื•ืจื—ื ื“ืžื™ืœืชื ืœืขื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ื’ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืœื, ื‘), ืข"ืฉ, ื•ื›"ื› ื’ื ื”ืจ"ืŸ (ื•, ื) ื‘ื"ื“ ื“ืžืกืชืžื ืขื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ืข"ืข ืžื” ืฉื”ืืจื›ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš.]

ื•ื”ื ื” ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื” ื‘ืžื™ื [ื•ื‘ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ืจ"ืŸ ื ืงื˜ื• ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ืžื™ืŸ], ืืœื ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืš ื—ื•ืžืจื. ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ื "ืœ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ"ืช ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืขืจ [ื•ื“ืœื ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื "ืœ], ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื–ื”"ืœ ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉืื ื• ืžื“ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืขืฉื” ืืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืคื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ื’ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ืกืžื›ื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจ"ืช, ื•ืก"ืœ ื“ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื™ื•ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืงืฆืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ (ืกื™' ืชืฉืžื—) ืฉืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืจ"ืช ื•ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ"ืช, ืžืกื™ืง ื‘ื–ื”"ืœ, ื•ืž"ืž ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™.

ืื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœ' ืžืงื•ืื•ืช) ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื ื”ื’ ื‘ืขืœืžื ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคืŸ ื•ืžื ื”ื’ ื›ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื, ืข"ื›. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ื”ืจ"ืŸ, ืืœื ื“ืข"ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืžื’ืž' ืœืงืžืŸ (ืกื—, ื) ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืž', ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื’"ื› ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื”.] ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืจื™ืฉ ืกื™' ืงืฆื˜ (ื“"ื” ื•ืž"ืฉ ืฉื”"ืจ ืฉืžืขื™ื”) ื“ื ืจืื” ื“ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื–ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื•ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฃ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื”.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื‘"ืง ืฉืžืคืจืฉ ื“ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืกืจืง, ืข"ืฉ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื›ืืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื, ื•ื›"ื” ื‘ืกื•"ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ืกืขื“ื™ื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืคืจืฉ ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž' ืœืงืžืŸ ื“ืฃ ืกื—., ืข"ืฉ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืจ"ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืชื•"ื“. ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ืคืกืง ื’ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื ื“ื” (ืค"ื˜ ื”"ื‘) ื•ื–"ืœ ืจื•ื—ืฆืช ืจืืฉื” ื•ื›ื•' ื•ืžืกืจืงืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืื• ืžืคืกืคืกืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืคื” ื™ืคื”, ื•ื›ืš ืคืกืง ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืงืฆืจ ืœ, ื‘) ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ื™ืœืข"ืง ืžื”ื™ื›ื™ ืชื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื• ื–ื”, ื“ื”ืจื™ ืœื™ื›ื ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืกืชื ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืกืจืง, ื“ื”ืจื™ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ื ื–ื™ืจ (ืžื‘, ื) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ื ื–ื™ืจ ื—ื•ืคืฃ ื•ืžืคืกืคืก ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืกืจืง ืžืฉืžืข ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื“ืชืจื™ ืžื™ืœื™ ื ื™ื ื”ื•. ื•ืฆ"ืœ ื“ืœืžื“ื• ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจื•ืฉืœืžื™ ื”ื "ืœ [ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื˜), ืข"ืฉ], ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื (ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื•"ื“) ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืข"ื™ ืžืกืจืง ืœื—ื•ื“ ื•ื"ืฆ ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ. ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ืžื’ืž' ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื“ืงืืžืจ ื“ืืฉื” ืœื ืชื—ื•ืฃ ืืœื ื‘ื—ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ื ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืžื™ื ื“ื•ืงื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ืื•ืœื ืื™ ืžื”ืชื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื’ืž' ืœืžื™ืžืจ ืจืง ื“ืื ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ืคืคืช ื‘ืžื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืžื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ื•ืœื ืฆื•ื ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืื”"ื  ื“ื‘ืœื™ ืžื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื’"ื› ืฉืคื™ืจ ื“ืžื™. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื™ ื”ื ื“ืžืกื™ื™ื ื”ื’ืž' ื“ืžืฉืจื• ืžื–ื™ื™ื ืงืื™ ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืจื™ ื•ื›ื“ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื”ื™ื ื ืชื™ื ืช ื˜ืขื ืœืžืื™ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฆื•ื ื ื™ื, ืื• ื“ืงืื™ ืื—ืžื™ืžื™ ื•ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื•ืงืืžืจ ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืžื™ื, ื•ื"ื› ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืœื™ ืžื™ื ืœื ืกื’ื™ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ืื•ืœื ื‘ืœื"ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ื“ืœื™ื›ื ืœืคืจืฉ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื"ืฆ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื™ืœื™ืฃ ื“ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ืžืžืื™ ื“ืžื“ืงื“ืง ืžื”ื’ืž' ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืขื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ืคื™ืคื” [ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ], ื•ื‘ืข"ื› ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื’ื ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืข"ื™ ืžื™ื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ื"ื› ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืข"ื™ ืžื™ื ื“ื•ืงื, ื•ืฆ"ืข. [ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ืกื™' ืงืฆื˜ (ืก"ืง ื˜) ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืข"ืฉ ืžื”ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขืค"ื– ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื.]


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ื‘"ืง ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื™ืœ"ืข ืงืฆืช, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื’ืž' ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืืœื ืจื•ื‘ื• ื”ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื•ื"ื› ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื™ืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ื’ื•ืคื• ื“ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชื”ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื•ืคื•, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”.

ืฉื•"ืจ ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืกื™' ืงืฆื— ืก"ืง ื ื) ื“ื ืงื˜ ื“ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื“ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ืข"ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื [ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื], ืžื”ื ื“ืคืกืง ื”ืฉื•"ืข (ืกื™' ืงืฆื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›ื”, ื•ืกื™' ืงืฆื˜ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื˜, ื•ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืจืื‘"ื“, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื ื•ื”ื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš) ื“ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื"ืฆ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ื ื• ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืืค"ื” ื˜ืขืžื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื"ืฆ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ื“ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืขื›ื‘ ื•ืืฃ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื’ื•ืคื”. ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉืžืงืฉื” ืข"ื“ ื”ื˜"ื– (ืก"ืง ื›ื) ืžื›ื— ื–ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืืฃ ื“ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื ืจืื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืž"ืž ืฆ"ื‘ ื‘ืืžืช ื“ืž"ืฉ ืžื”ื ื“ื›ืชื‘ ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื (ืก"ืง ื ) ื“ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ื”ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื (ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื ื•ื‘"ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš), ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื›ื ืชื™ืงื ื• ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉื™ื”ื ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื”ื›ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ืขื™ืงืจื• ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื˜ืคื™, ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื’ื–ืจื• ืจื•ื‘ื• ืื˜ื• ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ืฆ"ืข. [ืื—"ื› ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืจืขืง"ื (ืกื™' ืก) ื‘ื"ื“ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื“ื™ื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.]

ื•ืœื•ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื "ืœ. ื“ื™"ืœ ื“ืœืขื•ืœื ืจืง ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืžืขื›ื‘, ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื™ ื“ืคืกืง ื“ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืžืขื›ื‘ [ืืฃ ื“ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื’ื•ืคื”], ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื ืค"ืž ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆืจืคื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื™ื” ื ืžืฆื ื“ืื›ืชื™ ืœื ื‘ื“ืง ื—ืฆื™ ื’ื•ืคื• ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืง ื‘ื“ืง ื—ืฆื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ืœื•ื™, ื•ืข"ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆืจืฃ ืœื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื“ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื— (ืก"ืง ื›ื’) ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืงื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชื•ืก', ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืข"ื“.]

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื•"ื [ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ], ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ื ื™ืžื ื“ืœืขื•ืœื ื‘ืขืœืžื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืžืขื›ื‘ [ืื™ ืœืื• ื“ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื], ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืข"ืค ืžื” ื“ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ (ื–, ื) ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื (ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ืค"ื‘ ืžื”ืœ' ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ื”ื˜"ื•) ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืŸ ืœื—ื•ื“ ื•ื"ืฆ ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื“ื™ ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ (ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ืฉื) ื“ืคืกืง ื›ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืช ืœืŸ ืชืจื™ ืงืจืื™ ื—ื“ ืœืฉืขืจื• ื•ื—ื“ ืœื‘ืฉืจื•, ื›ืœ ื—ื“ ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืืคื™ ื ืคืฉื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืงืจื ื“ืืช ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขืจื•, ืœื›ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืคื "ืข. [ื•ื‘ืขื”"ื™ ื ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืงืžืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื’ืž' ื“ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืžื™ืขื•ื˜, ืข"ืฉ.]

ื•ืœืค"ื– ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื“ื”"ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืŸ ืœื” ืžืงืจื ืื—ืจืช ื“ื›ืœ [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš], ืœื›ืš ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื‘ืืคื™ ื ืคืฉื™ื” ื•ืจื•ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื. ื•ื ืžืฆื ื“ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื "ืœ ื“ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื˜ืขืžื ื“ื"ืฆ ื‘ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“, ื"ืฉ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื”ื "ืœ ืฉืคืกืง ื›ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืขืจ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื“ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื•ื™ ื’ื“ืจ ืื—ืจืช ืื—ืจืช ื“ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื“ื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.] ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœื“ื™ื ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ืคื "ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื ืœืคืœืคื•ืœื ื‘ืขืœืžื. ืืœื ื“ืื—"ื› ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืื‘ื "ื– (ืกื™' ืจืกื—) ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื“ื—ื” ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืฉืื ื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื“ื›ืœ ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื“ืืช, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืจืื•ื ื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ืคืชื—ื™ ื–ื•ื˜ื (ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืœืกื™' ืงืฆื— ืื•ืช ืž) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ืงืจ ื”ืœื›ื” ื•ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ ื˜ื”ืจื” ืœื”ื’ืื•ืŸ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ืง, ืข"ืฉ. [ืข"ืข ืฉื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืงื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื˜"ื– ืขืค"ื– ื•ื›ื "ืœ, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ (ืกื™' ืงื™ื˜) ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื”.]


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ (ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืื•ืช ื’) ื“ื™ืœื™ืฃ ื“ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ืžื“ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ืคื™ืคื”. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ื“ื"ื› ื ื™ืœืฃ ืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื’"ื› ืข"ื™ ื—ืžื™ืžื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืžืžืฉ ื›ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื‘ืข"ื› ื“ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื—ืคื™ืคื”, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ื”ื ื” ืืฃ ื“ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืืœื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืžืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ืž"ืž ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื"ื› ื ื™ื‘ืขื™ ืืฃ ื—ืžื™ืŸ ื›ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ืงื“ื•ืง ื›"ื›. ื“ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื—ืžื™ืžื™ ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืืœื ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื“ืฉืขืจื” ื“ื•ืงื ื•ื›ื˜ืขื ื”ื’ืž' ื“ืžืฉืจื• ืžื–ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ืืฃ ื“ื‘ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื—ืžื™ืŸ, ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืคื™ืคื”.] ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• (ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘) ืžืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื“ื"ื ืœื” ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ืงืจื™ืจื™, ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฆ"ืœ ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืฉืขืจ ื•ืžืฉื•ื ืกื—ื™ื˜ื” [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”], ื“ื‘ืœื"ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืฆื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืฆ"ืข.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ื "ืœ ื“ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืข"ื™ ืจื—ื™ืฆื”, ื™ืœ"ืข ืื™ ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ื’ื•ืคื” ืœื—ื•ื“, ืื• ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ื ืžื™ ืœืขื™ื•ื ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื” ืขื ื”ืจื—ื™ืฆื”. ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื“ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืคืœื™ื’ื• ืจื‘ื•ื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืขื™"ื– ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ืชืงื ืช ืขื–ืจื ื“ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ืื™ ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉืชืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืจื” ื“ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื‘ื” ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ืื• ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ื’"ื› ืฉืชืขืฉื” ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืจื”. ื“ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜"ื– (ืก"ืง ื“) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ื“ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืœื—ื•ื“ื” ืกื’ื™ ื“ืข"ื™ ืฉืžืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืื™ืŸ ืœืš ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื”, [ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื ื“ื—ืง ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื–ื”.] ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ืฉื (ืก"ืง ื”) ืฉื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœืชืจื•ื•ื™ื”ื• ื•ื›ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื"ื› ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืคืœื•ื’ืชื ื”ื "ืœ. ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื“ื”ื›ื ื’ื ื”ื˜"ื– ืžื•ื“ื”, ื“ืœื ืคืœื™ื’ ืืœื ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืฉืžืžืฉืžืฉืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ื•ืืžืจ ืืžื™ืžืจ ืžืฉืžื™ื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืืฉื” ืœื ืชื—ื•ืฃ ืืœื ื‘ื—ืžื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ืฆื•ื ืŸ ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ื—ืžื™ ื—ืžื” ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื™ ืœื” ื‘ื—ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื—ืžื• ื‘ืฉืžืฉ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ื” ื›ื’ื™' ื”ื‘"ื— ื“ืงืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจื™ืฉื, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืจื"ืฉ (ื”ืœ' ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืกื™' ื›ื“) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจ"ื— ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื“ื—ืžื™ ื—ืžื” ืœื ืชื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื”ื ื“ื”ื•ื™ื ืœื”ื• ื›ืฆื•ื ื ื™ื. ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื ื”ืง' ืขืœื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ืคืกื—ื™ื (ืžื‘, ื) ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื—ืžื™ ื—ืžื” ื”ื•"ืœ ื›ื—ืžื™ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉืžื“ื—ื” ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื™"ืœ ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ืžืฅ ืฉืื ื™ ื“ื‘ื—ื•ื ืžื•ืขื˜ ืžืชื—ืžืฅ, ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ื‘ืคื™' ื”ื’ืž' ื“ืžืฉืจื• ืžื–ื™ื, ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืงืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ื ื ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืจื™"ืฃ ืคื™' ื“ืงืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืžื™ืŸ. ื•ืขื™' ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืื™ื›ื ื ืค"ืž ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ืœืขื•ืœื ื™ืœืžื“ ืื“ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื™ืชื• ืฉืชื”ื ืืฉื” ืžื“ื™ื—ื” ื‘ื™ืช ืงืžื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืœ"ืข ืžื” ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ืจื‘ื ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื’ืž' ื‘"ืง (ื“ืฃ ืคื‘, ื‘) ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื‘ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืจื‘ื ื‘ื ืจืง ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ื‘ืืœื• ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ ื’ื ื”ื“ื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ ื‘ื”ื• ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื˜ืคื™. ืื•ืœื ืื›ืชื™ ืฆ"ืข ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ (ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื’) ื“ื›ืœ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืจื—ื™ืฆื” ื“ื•ืงื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจื‘ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืจืง ื“ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื•ืืฃ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื’ืž', ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืžืข ื›ืŸ ืžืœืฉื•ื ื• ื“ื"ื› ื”ื•"ืœ ืœืžื™ืžืจ ืืคื™' ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืจื"ืฉ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืœ' ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื“ืงื“ืง ื›ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจื‘ื, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื‘"ืง, ืข"ืฉ.]

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืžื” ื“ื ืจืื” ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขื™ื•ืŸ. ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžื—ื•ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื“ืœืžื ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” [ื•ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ื›ื”"ืช ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™, ื•ื”"ื  ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืื™ื›ื ืขื›"ืค ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื“ืื™ืช ื‘ื”ื• ืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“], ืื• ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžื”ืš ืงืจื ื“ื•ืจื—ืฅ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื“ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืื•ืช ืœื–ื” ืฉืชื”ื ื’ื•ืคื” ื ืงื™ ืžื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื“ืจืง ืข"ื™ ื–ื” ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืžืฆื•ื” ื“ื•ืจื—ืฅ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ืื™ ื ื™ืžื ื›ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื"ื› ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื“ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืืœื ื‘ืฉืืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื“ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ื•ืจื—ืฅ ืืช ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ื“ืœื ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื• ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืืœื ืจืง ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืคื•ืกืœืช ื‘ื”ื•, ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื‘ื–ื” ืœื ื ืืžืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื• ืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืจื‘ื ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื“ื—ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ ื‘ื”ื• ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื•ื›ื "ืœ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ื‘ืขื”"ื  (ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”) ืฉื—ื™ื“ืฉ ื“ื”ืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื“ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืข"ืฉ, ื•ืœื ื ืชื‘ืืจ ืฉื ื˜ืขืžื• ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื— (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›ื”) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืฉ"ืš ืฉื (ืก"ืง ืœื‘) ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืžืข"ืž ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืกื‘ืจืชื•, ื•ื”ืฉ"ืš ื“ื—ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื. ื•ื”ืฉ"ืš ื‘ื™ืืจ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ืื•"ื ื•ื–"ืœ ื“ืœื”ื›ื™ ืœื ื“ืžื™ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื—ืคื™ืคืช ื”ืจืืฉ ื“ื”ืชื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ืชืœื™ื ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ืื‘ืœ ื”ื›ื ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื (ืืœื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื) ืœื›ืš ืชืœื™ื ืŸ ืœืงื•ืœื ื›ื“ืœืงืžืŸ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›ื•, ื•ื›"ืž ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“, ื•ื›"ืž ื‘ื˜ื•"ื” ืœืงืžืŸ ืกื™' ืงืฆื˜ ืก"ื˜, ืขื›"ืœ. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื˜"ื– ืœืงืžืŸ ืฉื (ืก"ืง ื™ื) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”.]

ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื—ื™' ืจืขืง"ื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉ"ืš ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžืงื™ืœื™ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืกืžื›ื™ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื˜, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืœื™ืชื.] ืืœื ื“ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืจืขืง"ื ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืข"ื– ืžื“ื™ื ื ื“ื‘ืกืžื•ืš (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›ื•) ื“ืชืขืกืงื” ืื—"ื› ื‘ื›ืชืžื™ื, ื•ื ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฆ"ืข. [ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืจื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื•ื™ ืงื™ืœ, ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืœื• ื‘ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื•ืชื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.]

ืื•ืœื ืœืค"ื“ ื”ื "ืœ ืžืชื‘ืืจื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉ"ืš, ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื™ื›ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืœื›ืš ืœื ื”ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืืœื ืžื—ื•ืžืจื ื“ืจื‘ื, ื•ืœื›ืš ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื“ื“ื•ืงื ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืื• ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืงื ืชื ื“ืขื–ืจื ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ืขืœ ื”ืฉ"ืก (ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžื‘, ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ื ืงื•ื‘ืช ื”ื•ืฉื˜) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื‘ืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉ"ืš ื‘ืื•"ื ื“ืจืง ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืœื ื‘ื“ืงื” ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืขื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ื›ื ืกืคืง ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ื•ืจื—ืฅ ืืช ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื. ืžืฉื"ื› ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืœื ื‘ื“ืงื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ืกืคืง ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืฆื“ื“ื™ ืฉื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ืคื•ืกืœืช, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ืกืคืง ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื’ื ืœืค"ื“ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืฉ"ืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžื›ื— ืžื” ื“ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. ืืœื ื“ืœืค"ื“ ื"ืฉ ื’ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ืกืคืง ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื•ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื“ื›ื”"ืช, ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ืชื ืœื”ืš ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื, ื•ืž"ืž ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื™ื›ื ืกืคืง ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ืข"ืข ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ื”ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ื ื•ื‘"ื™ ืกื™' ืกื“ ื‘ืกื•"ื“, ื•ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ืกื™' ืงืฆื—' ืก"ืง ื ) ื“ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ื”ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืกื‘ืจื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื“ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื•, ืœื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื“ืื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืืœื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืื ื ืืžืจื” ื‘ื–ื” ืจืง ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืคื•ืกืœืช ื‘ื”ื• ื•ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื“ื›ื”"ืช, ืื• ื“ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืื™ื›ื ื ืค"ืž ื‘ื–ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงืžืŸ ื“ื ื™ืžื ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื•ื”ืงืฉื• ืžื”ื ื“ืงื™"ืœ ื“ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ืชื™' ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ืขื™' ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืื•ืช ื“) ืข"ืค ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื™ื“ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœ' ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช (ืค"ื’) ื“ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืืคื™' ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ื”"ื  ื™"ืœ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื"ื› ืืคื™' ื‘ืžื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื. ื•ืœืค"ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืืจ ื’ื•ืคื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืจืง ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ืื™ ื ื™ืžื ื“ืœื™ื›ื ืืœื ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื“ืขืœืžื ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืžื™ื ื• ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืžื”ืœื—ื•"ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืงืžืŸ (ืกื–, ื) ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ืช, ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื“ื"ืฆ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืคื™ื”.]


ื ื”ื™ ื“ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื›ื“ืจ"ื– ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ (ื›ื”, ื‘) ืžืงืจื ื“ื•ืจื—ืฅ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื“ืžื” ื‘ืฉืจื• ืžืื‘ืจืื™ ืืฃ ื›ืœ ืžืื‘ืจืื™, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื ื“ืž"ืž ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ื‘ืกื•"ื“ ื“ื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืœื” ืžืงืจื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืจื—ืฅ ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ื ื“ื›ืœ ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ื•ืื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืžื ื—ื•ืช (ื™ื—, ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ืืžืจ ืจ"ื–) ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื"ื“.

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื›ืืŸ (ื“"ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืกื•"ื“) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื•"ื, ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ื›ื ืก ื”ืžื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ื• ืœื›ืš ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ืข"ืฉ, [ื•ืฆ"ื‘ ื‘ื˜ืขื ื–ื”, ื•ืขื›"ืค ืžืฉืžืข ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ]. ื•ื›"ื› ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื [ื‘ื—ื“ ืฆื“] ื“ื”ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ. ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ื›ืขื™ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ, ื•ื”"ื  ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ืœื•ื™ ืืฃ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื’ืœื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื, ืข"ืฉ. [ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ (ืคื’, ื‘) ืฉื ืงื˜ ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื•ื™ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื.] ื•ืœื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืจื ืจืง ื‘ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ืืžืจื” ื‘ื” ื”ืš ื“ื™ืŸ [ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื] ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื’ืœื•ื™ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื’ืข ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื“ืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื [ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ] ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืขืฆื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื™ื”, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”. [ืื ืœื ื“ื ื™ืžื ื“ืชื™ืงื ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื ืคืœื•ื’.]

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ืื•"ื, ื•ื–"ืœ ืœืคื™ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืชืงื™ื ื• ื“ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืคืขืžื™ื ืžื’ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื• ืžื™ื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื ื™ื—ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื“ืจื‘ื™. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื—ื™' ืจืขืง"ื ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื— (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–) ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืž"ืข ืžืคืื ื• (ืกื™' ืงื™) ื“ื’"ื› ืก"ืœ ื“ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื“ืžืชื’ืœื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืฉื•"ืช (ืกื™' ืก) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ืจื ื–ื• ืžื”ืฉื•ืืœ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืจืขืง"ื ืขืœื” ื“ืืฃ ื“ืกื‘ืจื ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืž"ืž ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื—ื™ื ื• ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืงืจืื™, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืื›ืชื™ ืœื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ืข ืžืคืื ื•. ืฉื•"ืจ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืฆื—ืง (ื—"ื‘ ืกื™' ื› ืื•ืช ื“) ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ ืข"ื–, ืข"ืฉ.]

ืื•ืœื ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื”ื "ืœ ืื›ืชื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื“ื’ื ื‘ื™ืช ืงืžื˜ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ืฉืœืžื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ืชื ื ืžื™ ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ [ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืจืขืง"ื ื”ื "ืœ], ืื•ืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื“ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ืื˜ื• ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื’ืœื•ื™, ื"ื› ื”ื›ื ื‘ืงืžื˜ื™ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืงืฉื™ื ื“ื”ืจื™ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืื™ืชื ืœืขื™ืœ (ืžื‘, ื‘) ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก, ื•ืฆ"ืข. [ืื ืœื ื“ื ื™ืžื ื“ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืœื ืคืœื•ื’, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืขืง"ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื”ื "ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื”.] ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื“ื›ืœ ื”ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืฆืจื›ื• ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื“ืื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื• ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืงืžื˜ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ื˜ืคื™ ื“ื’ื–ืจื• ื‘ื”ื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื“ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ื˜ืคื™ ืžื‘ื™ื”"ืก, ื•ืื›ืชื™ ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”. ืื•ืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ื”ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ื›ื ืก ืฉื ืžื™ื ื"ืฉ ื˜ืคื™, ื“ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ื“ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืงืžื˜ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื ื•ื‘"ื™ (ืžื”ื“ื•"ืช ืกื™' ืงืœื” ื•ืžื”ื“ื•"ืง ืกื™' ืกื“) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืืฃ ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ืž"ืž ืœืคื ื™ื ืžืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืฉืžืฉ ื“ืฉ ืœ"ื— ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืืœื ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืœื•ืข, ื•ืœื›"ืข ื"ืฆ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื. ืืœื ื“ืข"ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืืœ ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื“ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืฉื ื"ืฆ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืœื–ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืคื™' ื”ืžืฉื ื” (ืกื•ืฃ ืค"ื— ื“ืžืงื•ืื•ืช) ืฉืคื™' ื“ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื•ื ืชื•ืš ื”ืคื” ื•ื”ืื•ื–ืŸ ื•ื”ืืฃ ื•ืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžืงื•ื. ื•ื ืงื˜ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืืœ ื‘ื˜ืขืžื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืฉื, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื ื•ื‘"ื™ ืฉื ืฉื“ื—ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.

ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืจืขืง"ื ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ื"ื“ (ื‘ื“"ื” ืชื• ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ืจื” ื–ื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ื ืชื™ื”"ืž ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื” ืจืขืง"ื ื“ืกื‘ืจื ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื“ื"ื ืฉืœื ื™ื’ืข ืฉื ื”ืžื™ื ืžื” ืœื™ ืื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื•ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘"ื™ ื‘ืกื™' ืงืขื’ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘ ื‘ื“"ื” ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ืชืŸ ื˜ืขื) ืฉื’"ื› ื›ืชื‘ ืžืžืฉ ื›ืกื‘ืจื ื–ื•, ืข"ืฉ. ืืœื ื“ื’ื ืฉื ืจืฆื” ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืœืกื‘ืจื ื–ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื”ื "ืœ, ื•ืจืขืง"ื ื“ื—ื” ื”ืจืื™ื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื•ื‘"ื™ ื”ื "ืœ, ืข"ืฉ.

ืื•ืœื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื“ืชื™ืงื ื• ื‘ื” ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ื• ื”ืžื™ื. ื•ืœืค"ื– ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ื˜ื•ื‘ื ื“ืœื ืชื™ืงื ื• ื›ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื›ื ืก ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืฉื•ืืœ. ืื—"ื› ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืื‘ื "ื– (ืกื™' ืจื ื” ืื•ืช ื‘) ืฉื’"ื› ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื ืชื™ื”"ืž ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื•ืข"ืฉ ื“ืžืกื™ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืจื ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœื”. ืืœื ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื“ื”ืื‘ื "ื– ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืœืขื™ืœ (ืกื™' ืจื ื’ ืื•ืช ื”) ื“ื—ื” ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื ืชื™ื”"ืž ื”ื "ืœ ืžื›ื— ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ (ื›ื”, ื) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื“ืืฃ ื“ื—ืฆื™ื• ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ืž"ืž ื"ืฆ ื‘ื• ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ืฆื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ืœื ืืฉื›ื—ื™ื ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื—ืฆืื™ืŸ, ื•ืฆ"ืข.

[ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ืงื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืื‘ื "ื– ืขืœ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื ืชื™ื”"ืž ืฉื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื—ื ื“ื"ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ื• ืžื™ื ื"ืฆ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื"ื› ื”"ื  ื›ื•ืœื• ืœื ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื "ืœ, ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืื™ื™ืจื™ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื”, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื™ื”"ืž ื“ืื™ื™ืจื™ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”.]


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื (ืฉื•"ืช ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืกื•ืฃ ืกื™' ื™ ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ืกื™' ืงืฆื— ืก"ืง ื›ื’ ื“"ื” ื•ืžื“ื™ ืขื‘ืจื™) ืžืงืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ื "ืœ ื“ื”ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืจืื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื”ื™ื, ืžื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื“ืจืง ืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื•ืœื ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืžืงืคื™ื“, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื"ื› ื”ื™ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื. [ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ืคื "ืข ืœ"ืง, ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืชื—ื™ ื–ื•ื˜ื ืฉื, ืข"ืฉ.]

ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืฉื ื“"ื” ื•ื‘ืืžืช ื•ื›ื•') ืฉืชื™' ื“ื ืค"ืž ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืžืฉืœืžืช ืœื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืคื "ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” (ื•, ื‘) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืชื™' ื–ื” ื“ื—ื•ืง, ื•ืข"ืฉ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืชืจืฅ ื‘ืื•"ื.) ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื–ื•"ื (ืกื™' ืฆื” ืก"ืง ื’) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื– ื“ืžื™ื”ื• ื ืจืื” ื“ืœื ืžืฆืจืคื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืืœื ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืข"ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื•ืฉืœื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื•ืœื ืœื ืžืฆืจืคื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืœื”ืงืœ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ืžืงื•ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ื”"ืก [ื“ืœื™ืช ื‘ื” ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”] ืœื™ื›ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.

ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืžืฆืจืคื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืชืจื•ื•ื™ื”ื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืคื•ืกืœืช ื‘ื”ื•. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื•, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ืื™ื›ื ืขื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื“ืขื™"ื– ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ], ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืคื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื” ื“ืื™ ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ืืœื ื“ืื›ืชื™ ื™ืœ"ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ื–ื•"ื, ืื ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื“ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆื ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื•ืคื”, ื•ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื™ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื. ืื• ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืœืขื•ืœื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืžืงืฆืชื• [ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ื‘ื”ืœ' ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื”ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ืข"ื™ ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ], ื•ืจืง ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื›ืš ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืคื "ืข ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืขืœืช ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื”. ื•ืจืง ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืš ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืžื”ื ื™ ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื“ื™ื“ื” ื”ื•ื™ ืชืจื•ื•ื™ื”ื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ืŸ, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ื“ืžืžืขื˜ื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืžืงืจื ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื•, ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉื ื“ืžื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื›ื”"ื’ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื›ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื“ืžื™ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื‘ืฉืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื‘ืจืื™. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื ื•ื–"ืœ ืืฃ ื›ืœ ืžืื‘ืจืื™ ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื›ื ื™ืก ืžื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืคื”, ื•ืืฃ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื•ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžืงืฆืช ืœื ืืฉื›ื—ื™ื ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›"ืฉ ื”ื•ื™ื ื ื’ื™ืขื”, ืขื›"ืœ.

ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ืืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื ืœืคืจืฉ ืžืื™ ืฉื ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืžื’ืข ื˜ื•ืžืื” ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ [ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื] ื“ืืฃ ื“ืžื’ืข ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ืžื’ืข, ืž"ืž ืžื’ืข ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื˜ืžืื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื•ื ื• ื•ื ื•ื’ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื‘ื’ืœื•ื™, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœื–ื” ื‘ื™ืืจ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื’ืข ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื• ื•ืœื™ื’ืข ื‘ื• ืœื›ืš ืคืงืข ืžืžื ื• ืฉื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื. ืืœื ื“ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ืืœื ื“ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื ื”ื•ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื’ื™ืขื”, ื•ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื’ืข ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืืฃ ื“ืœื ืคืงืข ืžืžื ื” ืขืฆื ืฉื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ื”.

ื•ื"ื› ื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื ืžื™, ืื ืืš ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืืช ื”ืžื™ื, ื”ื•ื™ ื ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ืืฃ ื“ืœื ืคืงืข ืฉื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ืžื™ื ื™ื”, ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื ื‘ืขืฆื ืฉื ืื‘ืจืื™. ื•ืžืงืจื ื“ื‘ืฉืจื• ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืงื ืžืื‘ืจืื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื™ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืœื ืข"ื™ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ืข"ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื ื™ืก ืžื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ืคื™ื• [ื•ื›ืžื• ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืชื—"ื“], ื•ืœื›ืš ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื‘ื™ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ื“ื"ืจ ื–ื™ืจื ื›ืœ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื• ื•ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื•. ื•ื”ืงืฉื• ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื ืžืขื›ื‘ื ื ื™ืžื ื“ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืœื” ื ืžื™ ืœื™ืชื›ืฉืจ. ื•ืชื™ืจืฆื• ื“ืกื‘ืจื ื”ื•ื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืงืคื™ื“ ืงืจื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืš ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื“ืืœ"ื› ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื.

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ื‘ืื•"ื ืงืฆืช. ื“ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฉื”ืงืฉื• ืืžืื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืœื”, ื“ืื™ ืฉื ื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœืขื›ื‘ ืœื™ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืžืžืฉ ื•ืื™ ืœื ืฉื ื” ืืคื™' ืจืื•ื™ ืœื ืœื™ื‘ืขื™. ื•ืชื™ืจืฆื• ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื ื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืœื•ืœ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ืœืœืช, ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืืชื ืœืืฉืžื•ืขื™ื ืŸ ื“ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืืœื ืจืื•ื™, ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืงืฆืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ื”ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืœื” ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžืขื™ืงืจ ืงืจื ื“ื‘ืœื•ืœ ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืขื ื• ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืœื” ืžื“ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ื™ื“ืŸ. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืžื”ื ื“ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืจืง ื“ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืœื” ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื›ืชื•ืก' ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืžืกื‘ืจื ื”ื•ื, ืข"ืฉ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืžืขื“ื ื™ ื™ื•"ื˜ (ืื•ืช ื“ ื‘ืกื•"ื“) ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืžื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื“ ืฆื“ ื›ืชื•ืก' ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ื“ ืฆื“ ื›ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ.]

ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ืกื‘ืจื ื‘ืขืœืžื ื”ื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืฆ"ืข ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื•', ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืš ื“ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื’"ื› ืžื”ืื™ ื˜ืขืžื ื”ื•ื. ื•ืฆ"ืข ืžืื™ ื“ืžื“ืžื™ ืœื” ืœื”ืš ืกื‘ืจื, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื ื“ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ืœื™ื›ื ื›ืœืœ ืžืฆื•ื” ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš]. ื•ื”ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ืฆ"ืœ ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ื ื“ื›ืœ, ื•ืฆ"ืข. [ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืืœื ืœื“ืžื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž' ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื”ืกื‘ืจื ื•ื“ื•ื—ืง.] ื•ืฉื•"ืจ ื‘ืžืขื“ื ื™ ื™ื•"ื˜ (ืื•ืช ื’) ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื"ื“ ื“ื‘ืข"ื› ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื”ื•ื™ ืžืกื‘ืจื ืœื—ื•ื“, ืข"ืฉ. ืืœื ื“ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื— (ืก"ืง ืžื—) ื“ื ืจืื” ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื“ืชื•ืก' ื“ื”ื›ื ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื•ืก"ืœ ื“ื”ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ื ื“ืงืจื, ืข"ืฉ, ื•ืฆ"ืข.

ื•ื’ื ืฆ"ืข ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื“ืืžืื™ ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืฆ"ืข ืžืื™ ืง"ืœ ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ืงืจื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืจืง ื“ืื™ื›ื ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืฉื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืขื™ืœ. ืžืฉื"ื› ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ื“ืœื™ื›ื ืงืจื ื“ื ื™ื‘ืขื™ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœื™ื›ื ืงืจื ืืœื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ืฆ"ืข. [ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื™' ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ืข"ืฉ.] ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื“ืœืžื” ืœื ืžืจื‘ื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื ื“ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ืข"ื– ืชื™ืจืฆื• ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื”ื›ื™, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ืจืฆื• ื‘ืื•"ื. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ืฉื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืœืขื™ืœ.]


ื•ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื•ืขืœืชื” ื•ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืื ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื"ืฆ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื›ื•'. ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ื“ืืฃ ื“ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืž"ืž ืชืœื” ืœื” ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ืข"ืฉ.

ืื•ืœื ืข"ืข ืฉื ื‘ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ื›ื™ ืชื™ืžื ืื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ืขื™ื•ื ื™ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืคื™' ืœื ื—ืคืคื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืžืื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืจื™ ืขื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ื›. ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืžืื™ ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืงื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืชืขืฉื” ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื”, ื"ื› ื‘ืข"ื› ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื”, ื•ื"ื› ืœืžื” ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื”. ื•ืข"ื– ืชื™' ื“ืฆ"ืœ ื“ืž"ืž ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืกืžื•ื›ื” ืœื” ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ื“ืœืžื ืœื ืขื™ื™ื ื” ื™ืคื”, ื•ืจืง ืื ื’"ื› ื—ืคืคื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœ"ื— ืœื”ื›ื™. [ืืœื ื“ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื–ื” ื“ื•ื—ืง, ื•ืžืกื™ืง ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.]

ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืข ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื—ื™' ื“ื’"ื› ื›ืชื‘ ืžืขื™ืงืจื ื“ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื›ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื”, ื•ืž"ืž ืื ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื“ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ื“ืœืžื ืœื ืขื™ื™ื ื” ื™ืคื”. ืื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืชื‘ ืขื•ื“ ืคื™' ืื—ืจ ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื“ืœื ืขื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉืืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื "ืœ.

ื•ืž"ืž ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืคื™' ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืื™ื›ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื“ื"ืฆ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืœื ื›ืฉื ืชืขืกืงื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื [ื•ื›ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ืจ' ื’ื™ื“ืœ ื"ืจ ื“ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื“ื ืชื ื” ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื”], ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื"ื” ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื—ืคืคื” ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืงืจื ืฉืœื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” [ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืงื˜ ืฉื ื‘ืคื™' ื”ืฉื ื™]. ืื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื›ืœ ืฉืœื ื—ืคืคื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื“ื”ืจื™ ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืœื‘, ื) ื“ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจื‘ื ื“ื"ืฆ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื—ืจืช ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื”ื ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื—ืจืช ืืฃ ื“ืขืฉืชื” ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื•ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื”. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืจ"ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• (ื•, ื‘) ื“ื’"ื› ื™ืœื™ืฃ ื“ืกืžื•ืš ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช, ืืœื ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื“ืขื™ื™ื ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื“ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ืื™ ืกืžื•ืš ืžืขื›ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื"ืฉ ืžืื™ ื“ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืขื”"ืž ื‘ืžืื™ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืข"ื™ ื›ืš ื ื–ื”ืจืช ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื‘ืœื"ื” ื"ืฆ ืกืžื•ืš. ื•ื“ื•ื—ืง ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ืื™ ื˜ืขืžื ืจืง ืœื—ืคื™ืคื”, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ืขื™' ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื–ื” ืœืงืžืŸ.]


ืฉื.ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื"ืฆ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืื ืœื ืฉื ืชืขืกืงื” ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ. ืืœื ื“ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื” ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื—ื™' ืฉืœื ื”ืงื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืืœื ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชืงื ืช ืขื–ืจื, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื ื”ืงื™ืœื•, ื•ื”ื™ื›ื ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืžืข"ืฉ ื•ืœื ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืขื“ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•"ื˜ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื”. ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ืง"ื• ืžื ืชื ื” ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื” ื“ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื—ืจืช, ื•ื›"ืฉ ื”ื›ื ืฉื ืชืขืกืงื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.

ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชื ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš, ื•ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ื“ื ืชืขืกืงื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื. ืื•ืœื ื”ื›ื ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ืจืง ื‘ืฉืื™ื ื• ืกืžื•ืš [ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ื ื” ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš], ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื‘ื”ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืฉื ืชืขืกืงื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉื•"ื” ื"ืฆ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื ืœื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื ืชืขืกืงื” ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื. [ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืื™ืชื™ ื›ืขื™"ื– ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜"ื– (ืก"ืง ื™ื‘), ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.]

ืืžื ื ื ืจืื” ื“ื"ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื"ื“ ืฉื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื’ื ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื”ืงื™ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” [ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื"ื ืœื—ืคื•ืฃ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช], ืž"ืž ืœื ื”ืงื™ืœื• ืืœื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื•ืœื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืกืžื•ืš ืืฃ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืืœื ืฉืœื ื”ืงื™ืœื• ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื”"ื  ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืžื”ื ื™ ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘, ื•ืื›ืชื™ ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืœืคื•ื ืจื™ื”ื˜ื ื ืจืื” ื“ืื™ื›ื ืกืชื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ื–ื”. ื“ื”ืจื™ ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™' ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื›ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืฉืœื ื—ื–ืจื” ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ื"ื› ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื™ ืžื•ื›ื— ื“ืื™ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืžืขื›ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžื“ืœื ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื—ืจืช ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื]. ืื•ืœื ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื”ืœื›ื•ืช (ืค"ื˜ ื”"ื–) ืฉืคืกืง ื“ืืคื™' ื”ื™ื›ื ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” [ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช], ืž"ืž ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ื’"ื› ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™' ื“ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื—ืคืคื” ื‘ืข"ืฉ ื•ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. [ื•ืž"ืž ื‘ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื“ืฉืื ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš, ื•ื›ื "ืœ.]

ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืœ"ืง ื›ืœืœ, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื "ืœ [ื›ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื], ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื–ื”"ืœ ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉืžืจืช ื ืคืฉื” ืžืœื™ืชืŸ ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืฉืžืจื” ื ืคืฉื” ืœื”ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ืชื™ื’ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ. ื•ื"ื› ื™"ืœ ื“ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื” ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื™ ืœืื• ื“ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืœืžื ื‘ืืžืช ืก"ืœ ืœื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื“ืกืžื•ืš ื‘ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขื›ื‘ ืืคื™' ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื”ืœ' [ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ] ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืื ืฉืžืจื” ื ืคืฉื” ืžื”ื ื™ ืืฃ ืืค ืœื ืขื™ื™ื ื” ืกืžื•ืš, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื›ืจื— ืœืื•ืงืžื ื‘ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื”, ืก"ืœ ื“ืœื ืกืžื›ื™ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉืฉืžืจื” ื ืคืฉื”, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”. [ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ืจืง ื“ื“ื•ื—ืง ืœืื•ืงืžื ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื™.] ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉืœื ืคื™ืจืฉ ื›ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืืคื™' ืื ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื•ื” ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ืกืžื›ื™ื ืŸ ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ืื—"ื› ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื”, ื•ืœื ืžืคืงืคืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื”ื "ืœ ื“ืืคื™' ื‘ืคื™' ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื“ืžืคืงืคืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืชืขืกืงื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ืœื–), ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืขื™ืœ (ืก"ืง ื›ื˜) ืžื” ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื”.]


ืื ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื"ืฆ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืื ืœืื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ. ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืœื ื ืชืขืกืงื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื™ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื”ื ื ืชืขืกืงื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืชื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื“ืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ. ืืœื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืจืื‘"ื“ (ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืื•ืช ื’' ื‘ื"ื“, ื•ื›"ื” ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืกืค"ื‘ ื“ื”ืœ' ืžืงื•ืื•ืช) ื—ื•ืœืง ืข"ื– ื•ืก"ืœ ื“ืืคื™' ื‘ื ืชืขืกืงื” ืื—"ื› ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืœื” ืื"ื› ืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืจื™ ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ. ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœื™ื• ืฉื ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืื ืขื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืจื™ ืœื™. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขื•ื“ ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืžืคืจืฉ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื“ืœื ืขื™ื™ื ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืœื ืฉืขื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื™ืขืœื” ื”ื›ืœ ืœืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™, ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ืชืขืกืงื” ืืœื ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืžื” ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื“ืขื™"ื– ื”ื•ื™ื ื›ืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืจื™ ืœื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. [ืื ืœื ืฉื ื“ื—ื” ื“ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืŸ ืืœื ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“.]

ืื•ืœื ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืงืฆืจ ืœื, ื) ื“ื’"ื› ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืš ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืื ื ืชืขืกืงื” ืื—"ื› ืชื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื•. ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ืจื’ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื—ืคืคื” ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ื“ืงื” ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ื‘ื“ื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช. ื”ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉื—ื–ืจื” ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ืœื"ื” ืชื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืง ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืคืคื” ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”. [ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื“ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื ืชืขืกืงื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื–ืจื” ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”.]

ืืœื ื“ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื” (ืก"ืง ื˜ื–) ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืข"ื“ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืžื”ื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ (ื™, ื) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื“ืืคื™' ื‘ื ืชืขืกืงื” ืื—"ื› ืœื ืชืœื™ื ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืจื™ ืœื™. ื•ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ื“ื•ื—ืง ืœื—ืœืง ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื“ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ืงื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื™ื ืš ืชื™', ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื™ืจืฆื• ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื‘ืืจ ื”ื’ื•ืœื” ื›ืืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืก"ืง ื›ื•), ืข"ืฉ], ื“ื”ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื›ืชื™' ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืก', ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื›ืืŸ. ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืฉื ื“ื—ืง ื“ืฆ"ืœ ื“ื”"ื  ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืื•ืžืจืช ื‘ืจื™ ืœื™ [ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืงื˜ ื”ืฉ"ืš (ืก"ืง ื˜ื–) ืข"ืฉ]. ืื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื”ื "ืœ (ื‘ืงืฆืจ) ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื ื›ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืžื•ื“ื”, ื•ืฆ"ืข. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ืœื’) ืžื” ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื”.]


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืืฃ ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ื“ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ื•ื ื“ืœื ืชืœื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ื“ื ืชืขืกืงื” ืื—"ื›, ืืžื ื ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื (ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืื•ืช ื‘ ื‘ื"ื“) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ืื ื ืชืขืกืงื” ืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ ืชื•ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืœืงื•ืœื [ื•ืืฃ ืื ืœื ื‘ื“ืงื” ื›ืœืœ ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”] ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื"ืฆ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ื›ืš ืคืกืง ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื— (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›ื•) ื•ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื˜ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›ื–), ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื˜ ืฉื (ืก"ืง ื›ื–) ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ืื–ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ืคืกืง ื“ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก, ืืœื ื“ืžืกื™ืง ื“ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฆ"ืข. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ืงื•ืฉื™ืชื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื. ืื• ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื“ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ืขื›"ืค ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืœื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœืคื ื™ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ [ื•ื›ืกื‘ืจืช ืจืขืง"ื ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื— ืฉื, ืข"ืฉ]. ืื• ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื“ืืคื™' ืื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ืœืœ, ืž"ืž ื›ืืŸ ื“ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื•ืื™ื›ื ืจื™ืขื•ืชื ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื ื•ืœืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ืชืขืกืงื” ืื—"ื›, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“, ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉ"ืš ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื— (ืก"ืง ืœื’) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื•ืงื— ืฉื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื•ืžืกื™ืง ื”ืฉ"ืš ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืข"ืฉ.


ืื™ื›ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื• ืžืกืžืš ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืœืœ"ืง ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ื›. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืขื•ื“ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ืงื™"ืœ ื›ื”ืš ืœื™ืฉื ื ื•ื›ื“ืžืกืงื™ื ืŸ ืœืงืžืŸ (ืกื—, ื) ื“ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ืœื ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื”ื›ื ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื ืžืฆื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืื™ ืชืœื™ื ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ื”ื‘"ื— ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื• ื“ืœืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืงืฉื™ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืื“ืจื‘ื ืžื”ื ื“ื“ืจืฉ ืœืงืžืŸ ื“ืืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืคืช ื‘ืข"ืฉ ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืื•"ื.]

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืฉื"ืจ ื”ื "ืœ ื“ืžื”ื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ื”ื’ืž' ื“ืก"ืœ ืœื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื“ืœืžื ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื›ื ื“ื ืžืฆื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื•ืก"ืœ ื“ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืœื ืชืœื™ื ืŸ. ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฆ"ื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ื“ื”ืจื™ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ื”ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉื, ื•ื"ื› ืฆ"ื‘ ืœืžื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืœื™ื” ื‘ื ืžืฆื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื” ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ืš ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ื•ืฆ"ืœ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืฉืชื›ื— ืจื™ืขื•ืชื ืœื ืžืงื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืœื ื”ื™ื›ื ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื“ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ื’ื™' ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื’ืž' ื›ืืŸ [ื•ื”ื‘ืื ื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš], ื•ืœืค"ื“ ืžื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืงื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืก', ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืขื™' ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื—ื™' ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื’ื ื–ื” ืžืชืงื ืช ืขื–ืจื ื”ื•ื, ื•ืž"ืž ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชืงื ื” ื“ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื“ื—ืกืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืคื™ืคื” ืื ืœื ืขืฉืชื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืงื ื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืชื”ื ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืงืฆืช ืžืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ืืฃ ื“ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช, ืž"ืž ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช, ื•ืื›ืชื™ ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื˜ืขืžื ื“ืžื™ืœืชื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืขื™' ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืœื, ื‘) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ืขื”"ืž (ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืขื”"ื  ืื•ืช ื“) ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืข"ื™ ื›ืŸ ื ื–ื”ืจืช ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงืฆืจ ืฉื (ืœื, ื) ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืกืžื•ืš ืฉืืžืจื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื ื” ืฉื—ืคืคื”, ืฉืข"ื™ ื›ืš ื ื–ื”ืจืช ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืข"ืฉ. ืืœื ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื ื‘ืงืฆืจ (ืœ, ื‘) ื”ื‘ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจืช, ื•ื–"ืœ ืฉื ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœื ืชื—ื•ืฃ ืืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืงืฉืจ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืขืจื” ืžืฉืขืช ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืขื“ ืฉืขืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ื›. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื”ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื™ืชืงืฉืจ ืฉืขืจื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื ืžื˜ืขื ืฉืชื”ื ื ื–ื”ืจืช ื‘ืคื™ืคืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืฆ"ืข ืœ"ืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื˜ืขืžื™ื. [ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืœื—ื•"ืฉ ืื™ืš ืฉืžืคืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืืจื•ืš, ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื—ื“ื ืžื™ืœืชื ื”ื•ื. ืื•ืœื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืžืข ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.]

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™"ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ืข"ืค ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื›ื–) ื‘ืฉื ื”ืชืคืœ"ืž ืœื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžื” ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉืชื”ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื ื” ื•ื›ื "ืœ, ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื ืžื™ ืฉืชืกืžื•ืš ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื–ื”ื• ืžื˜ืขืžื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืฉืœื ื™ืชืงืฉืจ ืฉืขืจื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื›ื "ืœ, ื“ืื™ืœื• ืžืฆื“ ืฉืชื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคืชื” ื“ื™ ืœื” ืื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื ื”, ื•ื›ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื‘ืืžืช ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืงืฆืจ ื”ื "ืœ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชืคืœ"ืž.]

ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื‘ื”ืœ' ื ื“ื” (ืค"ื˜ ื”"ื”) ื•ื–"ืœ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื–ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืชื”ื ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื—ื•ืคืคืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื™ื“. ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืกืžื•ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืคืกืง ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจ"ื– ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ืช, ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืžืœื‘ื“ ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ื ื›ืœืœ ื’"ื› ืฉืชืฉืชื“ืœ ืœืกืžื•ืš ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื”ืคืกืง ื›ืœืœ. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื–ื”ื• ื’"ื› ืžื˜ืขืžื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืฉืœื ื™ืชืงืฉืจ ืฉืขืจื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื›ื "ืœ, ื“ืื™ืœื• ืžืฆื“ ืฉืชื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคืชื” ื“ื™ ืœื” ืื ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื ื” ื•ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื”ืกื“"ื˜ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืชืคืœ"ืž ื“ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ื ื”, ืข"ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ืŸ ืžื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืœืžืืŸ ื“ืžื™ืงืœ ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืกืžื•ืš, ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืชืคืœ"ืž ื“ืื™ ื ื™ืžื ื“ื’ื ืœืžืืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื"ืฆ ืืœื ืื•ืชื• ืขื•ื ื” ื"ื› ืฆ"ืข ื‘ืžืื™ ืคืœื™ื’ื™, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.

ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื“ื•ื—ืง ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืœื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. [ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ื‘ืกื•"ื“ ืฉื, ืข"ืฉ.] ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™' ื›ืืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื“ืชืœื™ ืœื” ืœื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืœืžื™ื—ืฃ ื‘ื™ืžืžื ื•ืœืžื™ื˜ื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืš ืคืœื•ื’ืชื, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื“ืžืืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืฃ ื“ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž', ืขื™' ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื—ืจ ืžืฉื"ืจ ื”ื "ืœ. ื“ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• (ืค"ื‘ ื”ื™"ื–) ื•ื–"ืœ ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื•ืขืœืชื” ื•ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืฉื—ืคืคื” ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืคืขื ืฉื ื™ื” ืืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืื ืœืื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืคืขื ืฉื ื™ื” ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ, ืข"ื›. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ื’ ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื”ืืจื›ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.] ื•ืขื›"ืค ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื“ืœื›"ืข ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืฉื ื™ืช ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื›"ืž ืฉื“ืงื“ืง ื›ืŸ ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืž' ื“ืื ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื"ืฆ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ, ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืœื™ื” ื“ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืชืจืชื™ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื•ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื—ื•ื“ื ืกื’ื™ ืื‘ืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžื™ื”ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื•ื•ื ื™, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.

ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ื”ื "ืœ (ืก"ืง ืœื‘ ื‘ืชื—"ื“) ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื. ืื• ืžื˜ืขื ื“ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื”ืงื™ืœื•. ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืฉืื ื™ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื“ืื™ื›ื ืก"ืก, ื“ืืคื™' ืื ื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืื” ืขืœื™ื” ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืž"ืž ืฉืžื ืœื ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื–ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ืœื ื–ื›ื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›"ื›, ื“ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ื ื™ื‘ืขื™ ืขื•ื“ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ืฉื ืกืชืคืง ื“ื“ืœืžื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื” ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื–ื• ื”"ื  ื‘ื ืขืœื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื•ืœืื• ืื“ืขืชื [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•], ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกืคืง ื“ืงื•ื“ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ืื—ืจ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ื•ื"ื› ื”ืื™ืš ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ืขื™"ื– ื›ืก"ืก, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื–ื”.


ื"ื‘ ืœืžืกืžืš ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื™ื—ืฃ ื‘ื™ืžืžื ื•ืœืžื˜ื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื™ื. ื”ื ื” ืืคื™' ืœืคื™ ื”ื’ื™' ื“ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ื ืจืื” ื“ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืžื’ื•ืžื’ื ืงืฆืช, ื•ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื•ืจ"ืœ ื“ื”ื ืค"ืž ืื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืž' ืœืงืžืŸ (ืกื—, ื), ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ื‘ืก"ืง ื›ื– ื‘ื“"ื” ื•ืœืค"ื– ื‘ืกื•"ื“, ืข"ืฉ.] ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื—ื™' ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืงื™"ืœ ื›ืœ"ืง ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ื”ื ืื™ืคืกื™ืงื ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ืœืงืžืŸ ื“ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืืคืฉืจ ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืœืœื™ืฉื ื ื“ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ (ื•, ื‘), ืข"ืฉ.

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™) ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื’ืž' ืœืชืจื™ ื ืค"ืž. ื•ื”ื ื“ืœืžื™ื—ืฃ ื‘ื™ืžืžื ื•ืœืžื™ื˜ื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื™ ื ืค"ืž ืœืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื, ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื—ืคืคื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืชื™ื›ืฃ ืื—"ื› ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื“ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืœืœื™ืฉื ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื•ืœืœื™ืฉื ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืžื”ื ื™, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ื’ื™' ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช, ื“ืื™ืช ื“ื’ืจืกื™ ื"ื‘ ืœืžืกืžืš ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ืื™ืช ื“ื’ืจืกื™ ื"ื‘ ืœืžื™ื—ืฃ ื‘ื™ืžืžื ื•ืœืžื˜ื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื™ื. ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ืœืคื™ ื”ื’ื™' ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ืื™ื›ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืž' ืœื ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื›ืœืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ื“ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื•ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ืืœื ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื’ืž' ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืฉื•ื ื ื“ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื“ืœืœื™ืฉื ื ื“ืงืืžืจ ืื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื•ื›ื•' ืžื“ืงื“ืง ื”ื’ืž' ื“ืื™ ืœืื• ื“ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื”ื•ื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืืฃ ื“ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ืื•ืœื ืžืื™ื“ืš ืœื™ืฉื ื ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืž"ืž ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืœื ืžื”ื ื™, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ืขื”"ืž (ืื•ืช ื’) ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื’"ื› ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื’ื™' ื–ื•.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืข ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ) ื“ืื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืฉื—ืคืคื” ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื"ืฆ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืคืขื ืฉื ื™ื”. ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ืœืื• ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ืœื”ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฉื ื ื›ืœ ืฉื—ืคืคื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ื•ืืข"ืค ืฉื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื“ื”ื™ื›ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืืข"ื’ ื“ืืชื™ืœื™ื“ ืจื™ืขื•ืชื ืœื ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉ ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ืจื—ื™ืงื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ืžื—ืคื™ืคืชื”. ืืœื ืœื”ื›ื™ ื ืงื˜ ื™ื•ื ืœืืฉืžื•ืขื™ื ืŸ ื“ื˜ืขืžื ื“ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื ืœืื• ื”ื›ื™ ื"ืฆ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ื—ืคืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื˜ื‘ืœื”, ืข"ื›. [ื•ืข"ืฉ ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืชื• ืฉื.] ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืžืงืฉื” ืœืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืื™ื›ื ื“ื’ืจืกื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื—ืœื•ืง ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืžืžื” ื“ืžืงื™ืœื™ืŸ ืœืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืžืฆื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื“ืœืคื™ ื”ืš ื’ื™' ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื” ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื•ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื“ืงืืžืจ ื“ืœื”ื›ื™ ื ืงื˜ ื™ื•ื ืœืืฉืžื•ืขื™ื ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขืœืžื ืกื’ื™ ืืข"ืค ืฉืœื ื—ืคืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื˜ื‘ืœื”. ื•ืื™ ื”ื•ื™ ืก"ืœ ื“ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื ืžื™ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืกืžื•ืš ื“ืชืœื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื”ืจื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืœื”ื›ื™ ื ืงื˜ื• ื”ื ื“ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื—ืคืคื”. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื›ื–) ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ืœื‘ืืจ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ื‘ืขื”"ืž ื”ื "ืœ, ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืงืžืŸ (ืก"ืง ืœื‘) ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉ"ืš (ืก"ืง ื™ื“) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืžื•ื›ื— ื“ืคืœื™ื’ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืชื•ืš ืขื•ื ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืกืžื•ืš, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.]

ืื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืืคื™' ืœื’ื™' ื–ื• ื•ื“ืื™ ื“ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื”ื ื™ ืœื™ืฉื ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ื“ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื“ืœื—ื“ ืœื™ืฉื ื ืชืœื™ื ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื—ืคืคื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื ื” ื•ืœืื™ื“ืš ืœื™ืฉื ื ืชืœื™ื ืŸ ืจืง ืื™ ื—ืคืคื” ืกืžื•ืš ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืžืฉ. ื•ื”ื ื“ืžืกื™ืง ื‘ื’ืž' ื“ืžืื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื• ื•ืžืชืจืฅ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ืคืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื™ืœ"ืค ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื’ืž' ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื‘ืžืื™ ืคืœื™ื’ื™ [ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช]. ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืชืจืฆืช ื”ื’ืž' ื“ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคืœื•ื’ืชืชื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื“ืžืจ ืก"ืœ ื“ื‘ืขืœืžื ื—ืคืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื’"ื› ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืกืžื•ืš ื•ื"ื› ื’ื ื‘ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื” ืจื™ืขื•ืชื ืžืงื™ืœื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉื—ืคืคื” ืขื›"ืค ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื ื”. ื•ืžืจ ืกื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ืขืœืžื ืกืžื•ืš ื”ื•ื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื ื” [ื›ื“ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื‘ืขื”"ืž], ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจื™ืขื•ืชื ืœื ืชืœื™ื ืŸ ืื"ื› ื—ืคืคื” ืกืžื•ืš ืžืžืฉ. [ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื’ืž' ื“ืœืชืจื•ื•ื™ื”ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจื™ืขื•ืชื ื ื—ืชื™ื ืŸ ื—ื“ ื“ืจื’ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.]


ืืžืจ ืจื‘ื ืืฉื” ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืข"ื’ ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ื•ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืื‘ืจ ืจ' ื›ื”ื ื ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื“ืจืš ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืข"ื’ ืืฆื˜ื‘ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื” ื“ื“ืžื™ ืœื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ื•ืืชื™ ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืŸ, ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ืœืžื” ื ืงื˜ ืจื‘ื ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ื“ื•ืงื. ื•ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื™ืืจื• ื‘ืื•"ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœืค"ื“ ืฆ"ืข ื‘ืืžืช ืœืžืกืงื ืช ื”ื’ืž' ื“ื˜ืขืžื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืชื ืœืžื” ื ืงื˜ ื›ืœ"ื— ื“ื•ืงื.


ื"ืจ ื—ื ืŸ ืžื ื”ืจื“ืขื ื”ืชื ื˜ืขืžื ืžืื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ืช, ืกื™ืœืชื ื ืžื™ ื‘ืขื™ืชื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื—ื™' ื•ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ ื“ืฃ ืœื, ื ื•ื‘ืจ"ืŸ) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ (ืฉืขืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืกื™' ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื“) ื“ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ื“ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. [ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืฉ"ืš (ืก"ืง ืžื’) ื‘ืฉื ื”ื‘"ื—, ื•ื”ืฉ"ืš ื“ื—ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.]

ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืข ืฉื ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืจื‘ื ื“ื•ืงื ื ืงื˜ ื›ืœ"ื— ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืžื’ื‘ื• ื•ื’ื ืœื ื—ื–ื™ ืœืžื“ืจืก, ืื‘ืœ ืฉืืจ ื›ืœื™ื ื“ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืืคื™' ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœื ืขืœืชื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื›ืœื™ื. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืข"ื– ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช (ืค"ื” ืž"ื‘) ื‘ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืข"ื’ ื›ืœื™ื ืื• ืข"ื’ ืกืคืกืœ, ื•ืžืกื™ืง ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืœ ืข"ื’ ื”ืกืคืกืœ. ื•ื”ืชื ื‘ืข"ื› ืžื˜ืขื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื•ื, ื“ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื”ืชื ื˜ืขืžื ื“ื‘ืขื™ืชื ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื›ืœื™ื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืžืื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื“ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžื™ ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื. ื•ื”ื›ื ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื—ืจืก ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘"ื˜, ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื™ ืžื™ืชื›ืฉืจื™ ืื™ ืœืื• ื˜ืขืžื ื“ื‘ืขื™ืชื.

ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืงืฆืจ ืœ, ื) ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื–"ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืœื ืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ืืœื ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืงื•ื” ืžื™ื, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื™ื˜ ื•ืจืคืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ืœื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืข"ื’ ื›ืœื™ ืขืฅ ืฉืžืงื‘"ื˜ ื•ื›ื•' ืžืคื ื™ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื“ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืŸ ืื˜ื• ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืคืกื•ืœ ื“ื™ื“ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืค"ื“ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžืคืฆื™ ื“ื‘ืกืžื•ืš, ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืœืงืžืŸ ืฉื.]

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืžืื™ ื“ืื”ื“ืจ ืœื™ื” ืจ' ื—ื ืŸ ืœืจ"ื› ื“ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื›ืืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืœื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ"ื— ื“ืœื ืžื™ื™ื—ื“ื™ ืœืžื“ืจืก ื•ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ืœืค"ื“ ื™"ืœ ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืกืคืกืœ ื“ื”ืชื ื’ื–ืจื• ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื“ืจืš ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฉื‘ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื›ืœื™ื, ืืคื™' ืื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื‘ื”ื• ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช. ื•ืœืค"ื“ ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืง ืžืื•ื“ ืœื™ืฉื ื ื“ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ ื“ืคืชื— ื‘ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœื™ื ื•ืข"ื’ ืกืคืกืœ, ื•ื‘ืกื™ืคื ื ืงื˜ ืจืง ืข"ื’ ืกืคืกืœ, [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื›"ืž (ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืค"ื ื”ื™"ื ื‘ื"ื“) ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ ืข"ื–]. ื•ืœืค"ื“ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื ื™ื—ื, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช, ื•ื›ื "ืœ.

ื•ืœืค"ื“ ื™"ืœ ื“ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืื–ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื™ื”ื• ื‘ื–ื”. ื“ื”ืจื™ ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืคืกื•ืœ ื“ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื“ืคืกื•ืœ ื“ื™ื“ื”ื• ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ืฉืื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ื•ื"ื› ืœื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ืฉืคื™ืจ ื™"ืœ ื“ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืฉืืจ ื›ืœื™ื, ื•ืจืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืฉื›ื™ื— ื‘ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื’ื–ืจื• ื‘ื”ื• ืื˜ื• ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื“ื“ืžื™ ืœื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืคืกืงื™ื (ืกื™' ื˜ ื‘ืกื•"ื“) ื“ื‘ื™ืืจ ื˜ืขืžื ื“ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื“ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ื“ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื“ืœืžื ืืชื™ ืœืื˜ื‘ื•ืœื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืœื™ื. ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืœืžืกืงื ืช ื”ื’ืž' ืœ"ืœ ื˜ืขืžื ื“ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื›"ืž ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื. ืืœื ื“ื’ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื”ืงืฉื” ื“ืžืื™ ืืฉืžื•ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจื‘ื, ื”ืจื™ ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื. ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉืชื™' ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื•ืคื ื™ื.

ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืžื” ื“ื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ื”ื ื“ื’ื–ืจื• ื‘ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืกืคืกืœ ื”ื•ื ืื˜ื• ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืข"ื’ ื”ืฉื•ืงืช ื“ืงืชื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื” (ืž"ื) ื“ื”ืžื™ื ืคืกื•ืœ, ื•ืข"ื– ื’ื–ืจื• ื“ื”"ื” ื‘ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืข"ื’ ืกืคืกืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื•. ื•ืœืค"ื– ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื›"ืž ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ืข"ื’ ื”ืกืคืกืœ ืื• ืœื, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืž"ื ืฉื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืื ืœื ืขื‘ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ืข"ื’ ื”ื›ืœื™ ืื™ื ื• ื ืคืกืœ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื"ื› ื”"ื  ื‘ืข"ื’ ืกืคืกืœ ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื“ื”ืชื ื•ื”ื•ื™ ืžื™ืชื›ืฉืจื™ ืœื•ืœื™ ื˜ืขืžื ื“ื‘ืขื™ืชื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื›"ืž ื‘ืื•"ื, ื“ื”ื›ื ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืคื•ืš ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžืกืคืกืœ, ื“ื”ื›ื ืžืื™ ื“ื”ืคืš ืœื” ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื›ืจ ื•ืœื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ื’ื–ืจ ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื•, ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืข ื‘ืจื"ืฉ ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื™"ืž ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื˜ืขืžื ื“ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื“ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืชื, ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื“ื—ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ื”ืชื ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื›ืœื™ื ื“ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ืชื [ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ื "ืœ]. ื•ื”ื ื” ืืฃ ื“ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ื "ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื•ื–"ืœ ื“ื”ืชื ืœื ื‘ืขื™ืช ื“ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืขืœืžื ืžื˜ื‘ืœ, ื•ื›ื™ ืงืื™ ืืกืคืกืœ ืœื ื‘ืขื™ืช ื•ืœื ืžื™ื“ื™, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื•ื›ื™ ืงืื™ ืืกืคืกืœ ื•ื›ื•' ืฆ"ื‘ ืงืฆืช, ื“ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืงืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืžื•ืงื™ื ืœืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื“ื”ืชื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื”ื’ื‘ืจื ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืกืœ. ื•ืข"ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืž"ืž ืœื™ื›ื ื—ืฉืฉื ื“ื‘ืขื™ืชื, ื•ืฆ"ืข.

ืืžื ื ืื™ ื ืคืจืฉ ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™"ืž ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื“ื™"ืœ ื“ืžืคืจืฉื™ ืœืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื”ื›ื™, ื•ืก"ืœ ื“ื’ื ืžืฆื“ ืื“ื ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ืขืžื ื“ื‘ืขื™ืชื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. ื•ืขื›"ืค ืœืค"ื“ ื”ื™"ืž ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืง ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืœื™ืฉื ื ื“ื’ืž' ื›ืืŸ ื“ื"ืœ ืจ"ื— ื”ืชื ื˜ืขืžื ืžืื™ ื•ื›ื•', ื“ืงืื™ ืขืœ ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื“ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ื“ืจ' ื›ื”ื ื ืžื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื™ื ื” [ื•ื›ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืข"ืฉ], ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืฉื. ื”ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื“ื”ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘"ื˜, ื“ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘"ื˜ ืื™ื›ื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืฉืžื•, ื•ื›ืš ืคืกืงื• ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื— (ืกืขื™ืฃ ืœื), ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื”"ื” ื“ืืคื™' ื‘ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืขืฅ ืื™ื›ื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื–ื• ืœืžื“ืจืก ื•ืžืงื‘"ื˜ ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื˜"ื– (ืก"ืง ืœื ื‘ื"ื“) ืฉื“ืงื“ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื ืกืจื™ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ืŸ ืœืžื“ืจืก, ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ืกืชื ื ืกืจื™ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื›ืจื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ื—ื“ื• ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื˜ื•ืžืืช ืžื“ืจืก. ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื˜"ื– ืฉืชืžื” ืžื›ื— ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ืจ"ื ืคื“ืื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฅ, ืข"ืฉ ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื” [ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืฉ"ืš ืฉื]. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ืกื’) ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ืขืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื”.


ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ืช. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืœื ืชืคื•ืœ ื•ืœื ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืฉืคื™ืจ, ื•ื›"ื› ืฉื"ืจ ื“ื™ืจืื” ืฉืœื ืชืคื•ืœ, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ื™ืจืื” ืฉืžื ื™ืชื’ืœื’ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ (ื›"ื  ื“ืฆ"ืœ) ืื• ืชืฉื‘ืจ ื•ืชืคื•ืœ, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืžื ืชื™ืจื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื”ืคืš ืชื—ืชื™ื” ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืขืค"ื– ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื”ื›ืœื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื"ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืœ, ืื ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ื›ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื“ื‘ืขื™ืช.

ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื (ืฉื•"ืช ืกื™' ืชืชื›ื—) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ื ื•ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื“' [ืจ"ืœ ื“' ืขืœ ื“' ื˜ืคื—ื™ื] ืžืงื•ื ื”ื ื—ืช ื”ืจื’ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ืœ ืชืคื—ื“ ืœื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืžื ื” [ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข, ืข"ืฉ]. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืืฃ ื“ื”ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื ืกื’ื™ ื‘ื”ื›ื™, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืช. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื”"ื” ื“ื ืค"ืž ืœืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืœื ืกื’ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ื“' ื“ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืจืื” ืฉืžื ืชืชื’ืœื’ืœ ืื• ืชืฉื‘ืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื•ืฆ"ืข. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืก' ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื” ืžื“ืขืชื•.] ืื—"ื› ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืฉ"ืš (ืก"ืง ืžื) ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืชืจืชื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ื•ืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื—ืฉืฉ ื“ื‘ืขื™ืช, ืข"ืฉ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ื"ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื‘"ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืืฉื” ืœื ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื ืžืœ ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืžืขืœื•ืช ื˜ื™ื˜ ื•ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื“ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขื‘ื“ ืœื‘ื ืชื™ื” ืžืคืฆื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ ืชืฉืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆืช ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ ืฉื ื”ืจ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆืœื•ืช ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ืกื™' ืœื’) ืžืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช (ืค"ื– ืž"ื–) ื“ืชื ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืืข"ื’ ืฉืจื’ืœื™ื” ืฉื•ืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ืขื‘ื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื“ื ืœื›ืœื™ื ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื•ืžื›ื‘ื™ื“ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื˜, ื•ื“ื—ื” ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื“ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ืœืง, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ (ืฉืขืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืกื™' ื’ ื“ื™ืŸ ื–) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™"ื ืฉื—ื™ืœืงื• ื‘ืื•"ื ืงืฆืช ื“ืฉืื ื™ ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ืื“ื ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœื• ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื“ื—ื•ืง ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืžืกื™ืง ื“ื ืจืื” ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืœื‘, ื), ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ื—ื™ืœืง ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื‘ืžืก' ืฉื‘ืช (ื›ื˜, ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื•ืขื‘ื™ื“ ื•ื›ื•'), ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ (ืกื™' ืงืฆื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ืœื’) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื’ื ืข"ื– ืงืฉื” ืงื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื“ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื–ื”.

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ื ืช ืื“ื (ืกื™' ื™ื“) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ืก"ืœ ืœื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื ื“ื—ื•ืง, ื ืกื—ื˜ ืžืฉื ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื ืฉืืจ ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ ื™ื‘ืฉ ื•ืชื• ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ. ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” (ืื•ืช ืœื“) ืœื‘ืืจ ื“ื‘ืืœื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืคื™' ื˜ื™ื˜ ืœื— ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ืกื˜) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืงืื™ ืืคื™' ื‘ืกืชื ื˜ื™ื˜ ืขื‘ื” ื•ืœืื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืžื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขืค"ื– ื’ื ื“ืขืช ื”ื™"ืž ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื“ื™"ืœ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื“ื ื›ื‘ื“ ื ืกื—ื˜ ืžืฉื ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉืงืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“.]

ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื™"ื ื“ืœืขื•ืœื ื’ื ื‘ืื“ื ืกืžื›ื™ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ื“ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื›ื ื“ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœื”ื˜ื™ื˜ ืฉื ืชืงื‘ืฅ ืขืœ ืฉืคืช ื”ื ื”ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœืžื™ื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื”ื "ืœ [ื•ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืงืฆืช] ื“ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืœื”ื˜ื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื” ืœืžื™ื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื“ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœื”ื˜ื™ื˜ ืฉืฆืฃ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืงืฆื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืจ, ืฉื”ืืฉื” ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื“ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœื”ืžื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ื "ื ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื’"ื› ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘"ื™ ื•ื–"ืœ ืจ"ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืคืชื• ืงื•ื“ื ืขื•ืžืง ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืŸ ื’ื ืžื”ืœื—"ืž. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืžืขื“ื ื™ ื™ื•"ื˜ (ืกื™' ืœื’ ืื•ืช ืก) ืฉื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ื—ืฉืง ืฉืœืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“, ื•ืข"ืฉ ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื” ืžืก' ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœ, ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืจืฉ"ืฉ ืฉื.]

ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ืœืš ืื—ืจ ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื›ืืŸ ืœื ืกืžื›ื™ื ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืขืค"ื“ ื”ืจ"ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื ื“ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœืค"ื– ื›ืชื‘ ืขืค"ื“ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืœืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฆ"ืœ ื“ื‘ื ื”ืจ ื•ื‘ื ืžืœ ืื™ื›ื ื˜ื™ื˜ ืขื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœืค"ื– ื"ืฉ ื“ืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.

ืื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘"ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจ"ืฉ ื“ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ, ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ื "ื ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ื“ืž"ืฉ ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืืจ ื˜ื™ื˜ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ. ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืฉ ื‘ืื•"ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื ื“ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” [ื•ื›ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ืกื™' ื›ื) ื“ืžื•ืขืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื” ืข"ืฉ], ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืจื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื’ื ื›ืจืขื™ ื”ืžื˜ื” ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืงื•ื”. ื•ืœื–ื” ืžื”ื ื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ืื•ืชืŸ ื’ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ืข"ื™ ื›ืจืขื™ ื”ืžื˜ื”, ื“ืขื™"ื– ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ื ืื•ืชื ืจื’ืœื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืงื•ื”, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช. [ื•ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ื“ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ื›ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงื•ื”, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ืืชื™ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืžืก' ื’ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.]

ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ืขืช ื”ื‘"ื™ ืฆ"ืœ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ ืขื‘ื” ื›"ื› ื•ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“, ืžืžื™ืœื ื ื“ื—ืง ื”ืžื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ื›ืจืขื™ ื”ืžื˜ื” ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื”. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ื›ืขื™"ื– ืžื”ืคืจื™ืฉื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.]


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ื ื“ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ, ืขื™' ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ื "ืœ (ื“ื™ืŸ ื—) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ืžื™ื ื” ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ืืฉื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืจื’ืœื™ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื ืก ื”ืžื™ื ืชื—ืชื™ื” ื•ืชื”ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืื—ืช ื›ื“ืขืช ืžืงืฆืช ื”ืžื—ืžื™ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืืžืจื ื• ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ืœืจื’ืœื™ื” ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื• ื˜ื•ืคื— ืข"ืž ืœื”ื˜ืคื™ื— ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื˜ื•ืžืื” ื•ืœื˜ื”ืจื” ื•ื"ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ืชื—ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื” ื˜ื•ืคื— ืข"ืข ืœื”ื˜ืคื™ื— ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืงื“ืžื• ืœืฉื ื•ื”ืจื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื™ื, ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืœื‘, ื), ื•ื›"ืค ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ืก"ืก ื›ื), ื•ื›ืš ืคืกืงื• ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื— (ืกืขื™ืฃ ืœ), ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื”ื ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉืืจ ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื” ื•ื›ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ืกื™' ื›ื), ื“ื–ื”ื• ื”ืกื‘ืจื ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื“ื˜ื•ืคื— ืข"ืž ืœื”ื˜ืคื™ื— ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืข"ื› ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืจื ืื—ืจืช, ื•ืฆ"ื‘. [ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืœื ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”, ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจ"ืฉ ื”ื "ืœ ื“ื ืžืฆื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงื•ื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.]

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืขืค"ื“ ื”ื˜"ื– (ืก"ืง ืœ) ืฉื“ืงื“ืง ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื‘"ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื“ื“ื•ืงื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ืžื™ ืžืงื•ื” ืงื“ืžื• ืžื™ืชื›ืฉืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ื• ืœื—ื•ืช ืข"ื™ ืฉืืจ ืžื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืžื•ืขื™ืœ. ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืข"ืค ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื‘ื“ ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื“ื˜ื•ืคื— ืข"ืž ืœื”ื˜ืคื™ื—, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื›ืฉืจ ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื™ ืžืงื•ื” ืขืฆืžื ืฉืชื—ืช ืจื’ืœื™ื”. ืืœื ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื“ืœื“ืขืช ืฉื"ืจ ื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื"ืฆ ืžื™ ืžืงื•ื” ื“ื•ืงื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ืกื™' ืงื› (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘) ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื›ืœื™ื ื“ื ืงื˜ ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ ืžืงื•ื” ื“ื•ืงื, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื "ืœ.

ื•ืขื›"ืค ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื ื• ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืžื™ื, ืืœื ื“ืขื™"ื– ื ืžืฆื ื“ื”ื—ืคืฅ ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ ืžืงื•ื”. ื•ืœืค"ื– ื”ื•ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ื "ืœ. ืืœื ื“ืฆ"ื‘ ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ืš ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืžืชื›ืฉืจ ืข"ื™ ื”ืžื™ ืžืงื•ื” ืขืฆืžื, ืื ืžื”ื ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืœื”ืžื™ ืžืงื•ื” ื•ืืฃ ื“ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ืŸ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื”, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืœื•ืœื™ ื“ืžืกืชืคื™ื ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื“ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืกื‘ืจื ืื—ืจืช ื‘ื”ื ื“ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ. ื•ื”ื•ื ื“ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ื™ ืฉื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืœื ื ื™ื‘ืขื™ ืฉื™ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ืžื™ ืžืงื•ื” ื‘ื‘"ื. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืงื“ืง ืงืฆืช ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื”"ืž ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื–"ืœ ื‘ื"ื“ ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉืืœื” ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืฅ ืœื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ื‘ื•ืฅ ืขื“ ืฉื™ื˜ื”ืจื ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจื• ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ื "ื ื•ื–"ืœ ืœืคื™ ืฉื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ืฉื•ืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ื˜ ืขื“ ืฉื ื˜ื”ืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ.] ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื”ืœ' ืžืงื•ืื•ืช (ืค"ื— ื”ื™"ื‘) ื•ื–"ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื•ื›ื•' ื”ืจ"ื– ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืจื™ ืœื ื ื˜ื‘ืขื• ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ืขื“ ืฉื˜ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืข"ื›. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื "ืœ.

ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืžืคื™' ื”ืจืข"ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื ื•ื–"ืœ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ืฉืงืขื• ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ื•ื˜ื‘ืœื•, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืก' ื™ืจืื™ื (ืกื™' ื›ื•) ืฉื’"ื› ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื›ื™ ื•ื–"ืœ ืฉื”ืžื™ืŸ ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ืคื™' ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœืชื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืžื˜ื” ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืจื’ืœื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ืขื‘ื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืชื•ืขืคื•ืช ืจืื ืฉื (ืื•ืช ืงืฆื’) ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ืชื•"ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื•ืงื— (ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืกื™' ืจื ืกื•ืฃ ืกืขื™ืฃ ืœื‘) ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช.

ืืœื ื“ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืชืžื•ื” ืžื”ื ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืกืคืจื (ืืžื•ืจ ืคืจืง ื“ ื”"ื–) ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื›ื•ืœื• ื›ืื—ืช, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ืฉืขืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ื™ื•"ื˜ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืชืžื” ื›ืŸ (ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืค"ื‘) ืข"ื“ ื”ืจืข"ื‘ ื”ื "ืœ.] ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกืคืจ ื’ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืจืง ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื”ืงื™ืœื•, ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ืกื‘ืจื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื˜ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื” ื•ื’ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงื•ื” ืืœื ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• [ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ื“ืœื ื›ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื "ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืฉื], ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืœื ื”ื—ืžื™ืจื• ืฉืœื ืชื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื›ื•ืœื• ื‘ื‘"ื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช.

ื•ืืฃ ื“ื‘ืชื—"ื“ ื ืกืชืคืง ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืœื ื”ืงื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ื” ืืœื ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื›ืœื™ื [ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืžื™ ืฉื ืงื˜ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•], ื•ื"ื› ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“, ืž"ืž ื”ืจื™ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืœื ืก"ืœ ื›ืŸ ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืื“ื ืžื”ื ื™, ืžื“ื›ืชื‘ ืœื‘ืืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื— ื™ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืžื™ื (ื•ื›ื“ืชื ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืค"ื— ืž"ื”) ื•ื”ืชื ื”ืจื™ ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื’ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ืื“ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. ื•ืœืค"ื– ื”ื•ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ืขืค"ื– ื’ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ื "ืœ ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ืืคื™' ื‘ืœื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื›ื "ืœ. ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื“ื"ืฉ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื”ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื”ื "ืœ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืจืื• ืœื™ ื‘ืคืช"ืช (ืกื•ืฃ ืกื™' ืงืฆื—) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉื™ ืฉืจื“ (ืกื™' ืฆ, ื ื“ืคืก ื‘ืก"ืก ืชื‘ื•ื"ืฉ) ืฉื ืกืชืคืง ืœืž"ื“ ื“ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ืžื” ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืžืงื•ื” ื•ืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ื• ืจื’ืœื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื–ื›ืจื” ืœื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืกืคืง ื“ื”ืจื™ ืžื” ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ืœ), ื•ื"ื› ื™"ืœ ื“ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ื™. ื“ืื™ ื ื™ืžื ื“ืžืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื ื"ื› ื™"ืœ ื“ื’ื ื‘ื›ื”"ื’, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืจื’ืœื™ื” [ื•ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ], ื"ื› ื™"ืœ ื“ื‘ื ื“ื•"ื“ ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื” ืื– ืœืฉื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืฉืœืจ"ืช ื ืจืื” ื›ืคื™' ื”ืจ"ื— ื“ืคื™' ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืœื ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื ื”ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื "ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื‘ืขื™ืชื ื•ืžืžื”ืจืช ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืฉื” ืžื‘ื "ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื”ื•ื™ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื“ืกื™ืœืชื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื˜ืขืžื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ืชื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื (ื—ื™' ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ืขื•ื“) ืฉื‘ื™ืืจื• ื“ืœืคื™ ืžื”ืœืš ื–ื• ืœื ื’ืจืกื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื’ืž' ื“ืืข"ื’ ื“ื”ืฉืชื ืœื™ื›ื ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ (ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืื‘"ื“) ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื™ืœืชื ื“ื—ืฉืฉื ื“ื‘ืขื™ืชื ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืข"ืฉ, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื‘"ื™, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ื‘"ื— ืฉื, ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื›ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฆ"ืœ ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืจืง ืœืžื” ืฉื”ืฉื•ื• ื ื“ื•"ื“ ืœื”ื ื“ืกื™ืœืชื, ืข"ืฉ.] ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืื ื”ืืฉื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขืช ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉื˜ื‘ืœื” ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืข"ืฉ.


ื“ืฃ ืกื–, ื

ืืข"ื’ ื“ื”ืฉืชื ืœื™ื›ื ืื™ืžืจ ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื ืคืœ. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืจื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืฉื•ื ื•, ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ืฉื•ืš ืฉื›ืฉืฉื›ืฉื›ื” ืจื’ืœื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆืืชื” ื ืคืœ, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' (ื“"ื” ืืฉื”) ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ืช ื“ื’ืจืก ื‘ื“ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ (ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื“ืœืชื™"ืŸ) ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื ื“ื™ื“ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืœื‘, ื) ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœื‘ืืจ ื“ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ื•ื’ื ื›ืฉืขืœืชื” ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืขืœื™ื”, ืืค"ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืฉื›ื™ื— ืฉื ื˜ื™ื˜ ื›ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืฉื•ื™ื ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื—ื™' ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื“ื ืชื ื” ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื” ื“ื’"ื› ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื” ื“ืืข"ื’ ื“ื”ืฉืชื ืœื™ื›ื ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืฉื•ื™ื ืŸ ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืคื™ ื’ื™' ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื“ื’ืจืกื™ื ืŸ ืœื” ื›ืืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ืžืœ, ืื•ืœื ืœื’ื™' ื”ืจ"ื— ื”ื "ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื“ื˜ืขืžื ื“ื‘ืขื™ืชื ืื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื ื•ื›ื "ืœ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื— (ืกืขื™ืฃ ืœื’) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืœื ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื ืžืœ ืžืคื ื™ ื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื•ืžืขื›ื‘ ืืคื™' ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื” ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื“ืœื ื ื”ื™ืจื ื•ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื›ืคื™' ืจ"ืช ื•ื”ืจ"ื—, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื–ื”ื• ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืื‘ื™ื• ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื”ื "ืœ ื“ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื“ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ. ืื•ืœื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™. ื•ื™"ืœ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ื "ืœ ื“ื ืงื˜ ื›ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืœื“ื™ื ื, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ ื”ืงืฆืจ (ืœื, ื‘) ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™, ืข"ืฉ. (ื•ื›"ื› ื”ื‘"ื—, ืข"ืฉ.)

ืื•ืœื ืžืื™ ื“ืžืกื™ื™ื ืฉื ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื“ื™"ื ื“ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฆ"ืข ืงืฆืช ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืืฃ ืœื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืจืงืขื™ืชื• ื˜ื™ื˜, ืื›ืชื™ ื ื—ืœืงื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื“ื”ืจื™ ืœื›"ืข ืื™ ืื™ื›ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื”ื•ื™ื ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื, ื•ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื”ื’ืž' ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ื“ื‘ื ืžืœ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ืขืชื•ืชื, ืื‘ืœ ืœื™ื›ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ. [ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื”ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ืกื˜) ื“ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ืื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืœื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืืคื™' ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ.] ื•ืฆ"ืœ ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืจืง ืœืืคื•ืงื™ ื“ืขืช ืฉื"ืจ ื“ืœ"ืœ ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืฆ"ืข.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืก"ืง ืœื–) ื“ืจื•ื‘ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืœืงื™ืŸ ืข"ื“ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืงื™"ืœ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ื“) ื“ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืืœื ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฆ"ืข ื“ื”ื›ื ืžืกืชืžื ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉ"ืš [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืœืง ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™], ื•ื"ื› ื‘ืข"ื› ื“ื”ื ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื“ืื™ื›ื ื“ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืš ื“ื™ื ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื˜ืขื ื“ืื™ืช ืœื”ื• ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื•ืฆ"ืข. [ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื”ื‘ื™ื "ื ืฉื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื”.] ืื—"ื› ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืœืงืžืŸ (ืกื•ืฃ ืก"ืง ืžื“) ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืคื™ืจืฉ ื“ื”ื ื“ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื•"ืข ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื™"ื ื”ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ.

ืืžื ื ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื ืžืื™ ื“ื ืงื˜ ื”ืฉ"ืš ื”ื "ืœ ืœืื•ืงืžื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื—ืง, ื“ืžืกืชื™ืžืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืœื ืžืฉืžืข ื›ืŸ [ื–ื•ืœืช ื“ื ื™ืžื ื“ืกืžืš ืข"ื“ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ื“]. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ื’ื ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืืœื ื‘ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืžืœ, ื•ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื“ืืฃ ืœื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื” ืื™ื ื• ืฉื›ื™ื—, ื•ืฆ"ืข. ืื•ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉ"ืš ืขืค"ื“ ื”ื‘"ื— ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื‘ืงื™ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืœื›ืš ืกืชื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื“ื‘ื›ืœ ื˜ื™ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœืžื™ื—ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ืกื˜) ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืคื™' ื‘ืฉืืจ ื˜ื™ื˜ [ืžื˜ืขื ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืข"ืฉ], ื•ืœืค"ื– ื"ืฉ ืกืชื™ืžืช ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ. [ืืœื ื“ื™ืœ"ืข ืื™ ืก"ืœ ื“ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืืคื™' ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“.]

ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืข ื‘ืฉ"ืš ืฉื ื“ื”ื ื“ืคืกืง ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืงื ื”ื™ื›ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ [ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ], ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขื•ื“ ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืข"ื– ืกื•ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื ื˜ื™ื˜ ื“ืกืชื ื˜ื™ื˜ ืื™ื ื• ื›ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื’ื•ืœ ืžืจื‘ื‘ื” ื“ืž"ืž ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืจื’ืœื™ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉ"ืš ืœืขื™ืœ (ืก"ืง ืž). [ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืคืช"ืช (ืื•ืช ื›) ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•"ืช ื ื•ื‘"ื™] ื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉ"ืš ืฉื ืฉื ืชืงืฉื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉืคืกืง ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ [ื›ื”ืจืื‘"ื“] ื“ื"ืฆ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืจื’ืœื” ืžืจืฆืคืช ื”ืžืงื•ื” ืื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื ื˜ื™ื˜ ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ. ื•ื“ืงื“ืง ื”ืฉ"ืš ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืก"ืœ ืœื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื“ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื˜ื™ื˜, ื•ื”ืงืฉื” ื”ืฉ"ืš ืžืžื” ืฉืคืกืง ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื›ืืŸ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ. ื•ืชื™' ื“ื™"ืœ ื“ื”ื›ื ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืชื ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืกืชื ื˜ื™ื˜ ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ื” ืจื’ืœื™ื”, ืข"ืฉ. ืืœื ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืฆ"ื‘ ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื’ื ื‘ืกืชื ื˜ื™ื˜ ื"ื ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ [ื•ื“ืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ], ื•ื"ื› ื‘ืžืื™ ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืš ืžืงื•ื”, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”.


ืื‘ื•ื” ื“ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืขื‘ื“ ืœื‘ื ืชื™ื” ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ ื ื™ืกืŸ. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื”ืจ ืœืคื™ ืฉืจื‘ื• ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ืžื’ืฉืžื™ื ืฉื ืคืœื• ื•ื—ื™ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื ื™ืจื‘ื• ื ื•ื˜ืคื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื–ื•ื—ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•' ื”ืœื›ืš ื‘ื™ืžื™ ื ื™ืกืŸ ืฉื ืชืจื‘ื” ื”ื ื”ืจ ืข"ื™ ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื ืจื‘ื• ื ื•ื˜ืคื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื•ื‘ื˜ืœื• ื–ื•ื—ืœื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื”ืจื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ืžื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื–ื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื—"ื› ื“ื™"ืž ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื–ื‘ื”, ื•ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื—ื” ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ื“ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืชื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื–ื‘ ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื–ื‘ ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื‘ื” ื˜ืขื•ื ื” ืžื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื‘ื›ื•ืจื•ืช (ื ื”, ื‘ ื“"ื” ืžืงื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ ื ื™ืกืŸ) ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™"ืž, ื•ืจืง ืื—"ื› ื”ื‘ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ื“ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœ"ื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืงื•ืฉื™ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื–ื” ืžื”ืชื•ืกืคืชื, ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฆ"ืœ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื• ื–ื‘ื” ืื˜ื• ื–ื‘, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ื‘"ื— ื‘ืกื™' ืจื (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘) ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจ"ื— ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืš ื“ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ืžื™ ื”ื’ืฉืžื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ืคืกื•ืœ ืฉืื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื™ืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื ื”ืจื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืฆื™ื ื•ืจื•ืช ืข"ืฉ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืžืคืจืฉ ื‘ื ื“ืจื™ื (ืž, ื‘) ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื ืฉืคื™' ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื”ื›ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื”.


ื•ืžืคืฆื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืžื™ ืชืฉืจื™. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื”ืจ ืฉื”ื–ื•ื—ืœื™ืŸ ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืžืคื ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆืช ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžื—ืฆืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื”ืจ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืœื ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื ืžืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ื—ืฆื™ืฆืช ื”ื˜ื™ื˜. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• ืฉื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืœื ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื ืžืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ืขืชื•ืชื, ื•ืคื™ืจืฉื• ื“ื”ื ื“ืขื‘ื“ ืœื”ื• ืžืคืฆื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื. ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื“ืื™ืœื• ืžืฉื•ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืœื™ืชื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืœื, ื) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืœืค"ื“ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื“ื’ื ื‘ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืขืฅ ืื™ื›ื ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช [ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื—ื–ื• ืœืžื“ืจืก] ื•ืืกื•ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืฆ"ืœ ื“ืžืื™ ื“ืขื‘ื“ ื”ื›ื ืžืคืฆื™ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฆื ื™ืขื•ืช [ื•ื›ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืชื•ืก'], ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ. ืืœื ื“ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืชืžื•ื”ื™ื ื“ื”ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืก"ืœ ื›ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜, ื•ื"ื› ื‘ืข"ื› ื“ืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžืคืฆื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืš ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื›ืคืจืฉ"ื™. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื ืžืœ ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ืŸ ืœื˜ื™ื˜ ื”ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืžืช ื”ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืคืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ื‘ืกืชื ื ื”ืจื•ืช ืœ"ื— ืœื”ื›ื™. [ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื›ืŸ ืžื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื’ืž' ื“ื ืงื˜ ื ืžืœ ื“ื•ืงื, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืคืจืฉ"ื™.] ืืœื ื“ืื›ืชื™ ืฆ"ื‘ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืขื‘ื“ ืžืคืฆื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื“ื”ืจื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจ ื‘ื’ืž' ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืขืชื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื, ื•ื"ื› ื”ืš ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืื‘ื•ื” ื“ืฉืžื•ืืœ ืื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืงืื™.

ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืก"ืง ืžื“) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืืฃ ื“ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื“ื™ื ื ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื’ืž' ื ืงื˜ ื›ืคื™' ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ื ืžืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื‘ื™ืขืชื•ืชื, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืœืขื "ื“ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื“ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืœื ื›ืŸ, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืชื‘ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื˜ื™ื˜ ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื’ืž'. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื’ื•ืจืก ื›ื’ื™' ื“ืœืคื ื™ื ื• [ื•ื›ื’ื™ืจืกืช ืจืฉ"ื™] ื“ื’ืจืกื™ื ืŸ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ื ืžืœ ื“ืืข"ื’ ื“ื”ืฉืชื ืœื™ื›ื ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืข ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืฉื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ [ื“ืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื”ื "ืœ] ื“ืœื ืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉ, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื ืœื™ื›ื ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ. ื•ืœื ืขื‘ื“ ื”ืžื—ืฆืœื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ื ื”ืจ, ื“ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืžื”ื ื™ ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ืชื—"ื“ ืข"ืฉ]. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืจืžื– ืœื–ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืขื™ืœ (ืก"ืง ืœ) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื›ืŸ ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ืกื”, ื) ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžืžืฉ, ืข"ืฉ.

ืื•ืœื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื"ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื”ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื“ื ืงื˜ ืœืื™ื“ืš ืชื™' ืขื™ืงืจ, ื“ืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ื ืžืงื“ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ ื ื“ื—ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ืข"ืฉ, ื•ื"ื› ื’ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ื”ื“ืจื ืงื•ืฉื™ื ืœื“ื•ื›ืชื.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ืื•"ื, ืขืค"ื“ ื”ืจื"ื” ื‘ื‘ื“ื”"ื‘ (ืœ, ื‘) ื“ืžื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืื™ ืžืคืฆื™ ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื“ืœื ื—ื–ื• ืœืฉื›ื™ื‘ื”, ืข"ืฉ. (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืขืจืœ"ื  ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื”.) ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืืฃ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜"ื– ืฉื“ืงื“ืง ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื“ืืฃ ืื ืœื ื™ื—ื“ื• ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืž"ืž ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืื•ื™ ืœื™ื—ื“ื• ืื™ืช ื‘ื™ื” ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช, ืž"ืž ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžื“ืจืก ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื›"ืข ืœื™ืช ื‘ื” ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืจื—ืฆืื•ืช. [ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ืกื’ ื‘ืชื—"ื“) ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื”.]


ื"ืจ ื’ื™ื“ืœ ื"ืจ ื ืชื ื” ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื” ื•ื›ื•'. ืขื™' ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ื”ื ื“ื‘ืง ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื•ืœ. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื (ืค"ื‘ ื”ื™"ื˜), ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ (ืกื•ืฃ ืกื™' ืงืฆื˜) ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืขื•ื“ ื“ืืข"ื’ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื—ืฉืฉ ืจืง ืœืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืž"ืž ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืฆื•ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืฉืื•ื”ื• ื›ื•ื“ืื™, ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืœื‘, ื) ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื ืžืœ, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืกื™' ืงืฆื˜ ืก"ืง ืž) ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ื–ืงืช ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืขื•ื“ ืžื™ืžืจื ืžืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืจ"ื—, ื•ื–"ืœ ืžืคืฉืœืช ืืช ื‘ื ื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ืžืคืจืฉื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืฉืžื ื”ื•ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ื“ื™ื ื•ืงื ื˜ื™ื˜ ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื• ื•ื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ืืžื•, ื•ืืข"ื’ ื“ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ื”ืฉืชื ื“ืœื™ื›ื ืžื™ื“ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ื“ืœืžื ื‘ืขืœื™ื™ืชื” ื ืคืœ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื“ื’ื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืžืขื›ื‘, ื•ื›"ืค ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ืกื™' ืงืฆื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ืžื). [ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืฉ"ืš ืฉื (ืก"ืง ื ื’) ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื‘"ื—.] ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ื›ื•ื“ืื™ ื•ื›ืžื• ื”ื ื“ื ืžืœ ื•ื ืชื ื” ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ื“ืื™. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืงืฆืช, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ (ืคื•, ื) ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžื˜ืคื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืคืœื™ื’ ืขืœ ืคื™' ื”ืชื•ืก' ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื“ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจื ื™ืชื™ืจื. ืืœื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ื— ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืขืฆืžื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ื›ื”ื”ื™ื ื“ืชื ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช (ืค"ื— ืž"ื”) ื”ืื•ื—ื– ื‘ืื“ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืŸ ื˜ืžืื™ืŸ ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื™ ื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื•"ื“ ื“ืฆ"ืœ ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืžืคืฉืœืช ื‘ื ื” ืืคื™' ืœืคื ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื•ืœืื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื™ืœ"ืค ื“ื”ื•ื›ืจื— ืœื”ื ื›ืŸ ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืœื”ื• ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื•ืื™ ืžื˜ืขื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื“ืชื™ื ื•ืง ื”ื•ื™ ืžื”ื ื™ ืื• ื‘ื”ื“ื™ื— ื™ื“ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ืžืจืคื” ื™ื“ื™ื” ื•ื›ื“ืชื ืŸ ืฉื [ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืคื™' ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžื™ ื ื“ื” ืข"ืฉ]. ื•ื’ื ื™ืœ"ืค ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืœื”ื• ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื“ืžื™ ืœืื™ื“ืš ื“ื ืชื ื” ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื”, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜.


ืืžืจ ืจืžื™ ื‘"ื ื”ื ื™ ืจื‘ื“ื™ ื“ื›ื•ืกื™ืœืชื ืขื“ ืชืœืชื ื™ื•ืžื™ ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืฆื™ ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื’ืœื“ืŸ ืจืš ื•ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืฆื™, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื“ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืš ืžื™ืžืจื ืžืžืื™ ื“ืชื ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช (ืค"ื˜ ืž"ื‘) ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื’ืœื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื›ื” ื—ื•ืฆืฆืช ืื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื” ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืฆืฆืช [ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื’ื ื”ื ื™ ืจื‘ื“ื™ ื“ื›ื•ืกื™ืœืชื ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื”]. ื•ืชื™' ื“ื”ืชื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื”, ื“ืœื ืขื‘ื™ื“ ืื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืงืœืฃ ื’ืœื“ ืžื›ืชื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืงืฉื” ืœืžื›ื” ืขื“ ื“ื™ื‘ื™ืฉ ื•ืžืงืœื™ืฃ ืžื ืคืฉื™ื”, ื•ืงืกื‘ืจ ื“ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืงื ืฉืœ ืžื›ื” ืื‘ืœ ืจื™ื‘ื“ื ื“ื›ื•ืกื™ืœืชื ืขื“ ื’' ื™ื•ืžื™ืŸ ื“ืœื ืงืคื™ื“ ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. [ื•ื›"ื” ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื—ื™' ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ.]

ื•ื ืจืื” ืœื‘ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืืคื™' ืื™ ืก"ืœ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื“ืช ืื"ื› ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื“ืช ืขืœื” ืœืขื•ืœื [ื•ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืกื™' ื‘ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•], ื•ื”ื›ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื“ืช ืืœื ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”, ืž"ืž ื™"ืœ ื“ื”ื›ื ื“ื ื•ืคืœืช ืžืขืฆืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื•ืœ"ื— ื›ืžืงืคื“ืช ืœื”ืกื™ืจื• ืœืื—"ื–. ื•ืฉื•"ืจ ืฉื›ืขื™"ื– ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืื‘ื "ื– (ืกื™' ืจื ื’ ืื•ืช ื•) ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ื˜ื•, ื‘ ื“"ื” ื›ืœื™) ืข"ืฉ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ื“ื•ื—ืง ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื“ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ ื‘ืกื•"ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื“ืช ืœืขื•ืœื, ืข"ืฉ.]

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืžืจื“ื›ื™ (ืื•ืช ืชืฉืžื— ื‘ื"ื“) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•"ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ (ื "ื ื”ืจ"ื™) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื‘ื“ื™ ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ ืื—ืจ ื’' ื™ืžื™ื, ื“ืืคื™' ืื ื™ืฆื˜ืขืจ ืื ื™ืกื™ืจื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืขืชื” [ื•ืงืจื•ื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“], ืž"ืž ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ืื• ืฉืชืžืชื™ืŸ ื•ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ื‘"ื™ (ื“"ื” ื“ื ื™ื‘ืฉ) ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื›ื’) ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืจืขืง"ื (ืกื™' ืก ื‘ืชื—"ื“) ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.]

ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื ืชืงืฉื” ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืขืชื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืกื™ืจื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžืฆื˜ืขืจ ืœื™ื” ืœื™ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ืข"ื– ืชื™' ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืž"ืž ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืกื™ืจื• ื›ืฉื™ืชืจืคื ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื•ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืžื” ื“ืžื›ื•ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกื™ืจื• ื›ืฉื™ืชืจืคื ื’"ื› ืžืฉื•ื” ืื•ืชื• ื›ืžืงืคื™ื“, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ืžืื™ ืคืœื™ื’ื™. [ื•ื“ื•ื—ืง ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื“ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืงืื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืกื™ืจื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืคืœ ืžืืœื™ื•.] ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืœืงืžืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื“ืžื” ื“ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืื—"ื– ืžื”ื ื™ ืจืง ืื ื”ื•ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืชืจืžื™ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ื"ื› ืืคืฉ"ืœ ื“ื‘ื–ื” ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื›ืืŸ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืข ื‘ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขื•ื“ ืœื‘ืืจ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื“ื, ื“ืขื“ ื’' ื™ื•ืžื™ืŸ ืœื—ื” ื•ืœื ืžืขื›ื‘ื ืžื™ื”ื• ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืื™ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ืฆื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ืฉื ื•ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื”, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื. ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฆ"ื‘ ืงืฆืช ื“ืžืชื—"ื“ ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื— ืœื™ื‘ืฉ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ืžื™ื [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื ืœื”ื“ื™ื] ื•ืจืง ื™ื‘ืฉ ืžืขื›ื‘ ืžื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžืกื•"ื“ ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ืฉ ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื” ื•ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืœืคืœื•ืฃ ื“ื”ื ื“ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื”, ื•ืฆ"ืข.

ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื“ืื™ืคืœื™ื’ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืจื‘ื•ื•ืชื. ื“ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืจื"ื (ืก' ื™ืจืื™ื ืกื™' ื›ื•) ื“ื”ื ื“ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื”. ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื™"ืž ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžื—ืœื—ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ื“ื—ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืขื›ื‘ ื”ื•ื, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื•"ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื ืฉืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ื”ื ื“ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ื“ื‘ื•ืง ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ืœื›ืš ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืฅ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ (ื›ื•, ื‘ ื“"ื” ื”"ื ) ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžื—ืœื—ืœ, ื•ื“ื—ื• ืจืื™ืช ื”ื™ืจืื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืžื”ื‘"ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืœืคืœื•ืฃ, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืืชื™ื ื›ื”ืฆื“ ื“ืœืคืœื•ืฃ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžื—ืœื—ืœ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ื”ื ื“ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื”, ื"ื› ืžื”ื ื“ืžืกื™ืง ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื (ืœื”, ื‘) ื“ื“ื ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื”ืจืฆืคื” ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืœื—, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ืœื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื (ืขื™' ืฉื•"ืช ืฉื‘ื•"ื™ ืกื™' ืกื˜, ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ืก"ืง ื ื‘) ื“ื”ืชื ืื™ ื“ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื” ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื“ื›ื”"ืช ื•ืœืื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืจืื•ื ื™ ื‘ืงื”"ื™ (ืกื™' ื ื—) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ื–ื•, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.] ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืœืงืžืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืจืื™ื” ื–ื•.


ืืžืจ ืžืจ ืขื•ืงื‘ื ืœืคืœื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื™ื‘ืฉ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืœืคืœื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื“ื”ืชื ื”ื•ื ื“ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื“ืžืขื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื™ื—ืชื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื‘ืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืคืœื•ืฃ ืฉื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืŸ ืืคื™' ืœื— ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื“ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช (ืค"ื˜) ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืœื—, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื’"ื› ื—ื™ืœืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ืื‘ืœ ืžื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ ืงืฆืช, ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื›ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื— ืœื™ื‘ืฉ ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืœื›ืš ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืŸ ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœ ื•ืœื›ืš ืืคื™' ืœื— ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื’"ื› ืก"ืœ ื“ื”ื ื“ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• [ื•ื“ืœื ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ], ื•ืœื›ืš ืก"ืœ ื“ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉ, ื“ื™"ืœ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื•ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืจื"ืฉ (ืกื™' ื›ื” ื‘ืกื•"ื“) ื“ืงืื™ ืฉื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช (ืค"ื˜ ืž"ื) ื“ืœืคืœื•ืฃ ืฉื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื” ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืืžืจ ืžืจ ืขื•ืงื‘ื ืœืคืœื•ืฃ ืฉื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื™ื‘ืฉ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืš ื“ืชื ืŸ ืฉื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื›ื™ ืื•ืชื• ืฉืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืœื— ื•ืฉื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ืฉ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืœืขื•ืœื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื”ื•ื ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื— ืื• ื™ื‘ืฉ, ื•ื”ื ื“ื ืงื˜ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื— ื•ืฉื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ืฉ. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ (ืกื™' ืชืฉืžื—), ืข"ืฉ. ืืœื ื“ืืฃ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฆ"ืœ ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืœืœ ืžืžืฉ, ื“ื"ื› ืœืžืื™ ืืชื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื ื“ืžืจ ืขื•ืงื‘ื ื“ืžืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ืจื•ืง, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื“ืก"ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืš ืžื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืก', ื“ืžืจ ืขื•ืงื‘ื ืฉื—ื™ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื— ืœื™ื‘ืฉ ืงืื™ ื“ื•ืงื ืขืœ ืœืคืœื•ืฃ ืฉื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืฉื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืืคื™' ื™ื‘ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื— ืฉื ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืื™ืš ืœืžื“ ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ.] ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืืคื™' ืœืคืœื•ืฃ ื™ื‘ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื“ืžืขื” ืžืœื—ืœื—ืชื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืงื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืกื‘ืจืชื• ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื“ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžื—ืœื—ืœ, ื•ื"ื› ื™"ืœ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ื“ื‘ืง ื‘ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืœื—, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื™ื ืœื™ื›ื ืก. ื•ืœืค"ื– ื"ืฉ ื“ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื” ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื‘ืฉ, ืœ"ืœ ื”ืื™ ืกื‘ืจื ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื— ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืงื•, ื•ืœื›ืš ืคื™ืจืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืื•"ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ื"ืจ ื™ื•ื—ื ืŸ ืคืชื—ื” ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื• ืขืฆืžื” ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื’ื™' ืžื”ืจ"ื— ื•ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื“ื”ื•ื• ื’ืจืกื™ ื‘ืชืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื•ืœื™ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ ืฉืžืขืชืชื ื“ื›ื™ ืื™ืชืžืจ ื”ื ื™ ืœื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœื‘ืขืœื” ื˜ื”ื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ื“ืืžืจ ืจ"ืœ ืืฉื” ืœื ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœื ื“ืจืš ื’ื“ื™ืœืชื”. ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืฉื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื—ื” ื’ื™' ื–ื• ืžื›ืžื” ื˜ืขืžื™ื ื•ืœื›ืš ืก"ืœ ื“ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ืืฃ ืœื‘ืขืœื”, ื•ืื—"ื› ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ"ืช ืฉืžืงื™ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื’ื™', ืข"ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืจื™"ืฃ ืฉื’"ื› ื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ื’ื™' ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืจ"ืช ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื“ื” ืœื˜ื”ืจื•ืช [ืจ"ืœ ืืฃ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื”ื ื“ื”ื›ื, ื•ื›"ืค ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืข"ืฉ], ื“ืืœ"ื” ืงืฉื™ื ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืชืจื™ื ื"ืฆ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื [ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืกื•ืฃ ืค"ื—], ืžื”ื ื“ืชื ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช (ืค"ื˜ ืž"ื‘) ื“ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ืืฉื” ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื“ื•ื—ืง ืœืื•ืงืžื ืฉืžืขืชืชื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืื™ืฉ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืชื™' ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืกืžื•ืš, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืฉืžืขืชืชื™ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืงืื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืฉื” [ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืžื” ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืชื•ืก'].

ืื•ืœื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืจืื™ื™ืชื• ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื“ื”ืจื™ ืœืขื™ืœ ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ืืฃ ื“ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืž"ืž ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ. ื•ื"ื› ื–ื”ื• ื“ืชื ืŸ ื“ืชื ื“ืื™ื›ื ื‘ื”ื• ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื“ืืœ"ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืชื™' ื›ืŸ. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ (ืกื•ืฃ ืก"ื˜) ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืข"ื“ ื”ืกืž"ื’ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ"ืช ื”ื "ืœ, ื•ื™ืœ"ืข ืœืžื” ืœื ื”ืง' ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืก'.] ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™"ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื” ื“ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืชื ืŸ ื“ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ืืฉื” ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื“ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจ"ืฉ (ืกื•ืฃ ืค"ื—) ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ (ืกื™' ื‘ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”) ื“ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืงืื™ ืืงืœืงื™ ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ื“ืฉื ื ืชืœื›ืœื›ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ.

ืื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจ"ืช ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ืœืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื“ืจ"ืœ ื“ื”ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืขืžืฆื ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ื“ื‘ื•ืงื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื–ื”. [ื•ืœื›ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืงื ืงืฆืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื”ื, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ืœื•ื™ ื›ื“ืขืช ืฉื"ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืจ"ืœ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.) ื•ืœืค"ื– ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™"ืœ ืข"ืค ืžื” ืฉื ืกืชืคืงื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื ื“ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ืขื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืื• ื“ื‘ืขื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื ืค"ืž ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื• ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืื™ ื ื™ืžื ื“ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื"ื› ื™"ืœ ื“ืžื–ื” ืฉืคื™ืจ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืจ"ืช ื“ื‘ืข"ื› ื“ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืžืžืฉ, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืคื•ืกืœืช ื‘ื”ื• ื“ื"ื› ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืขืฆืžืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืฆื™ ื“ื”ื•ื™ื ื›ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ืื—"ื› ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื›ื’ ื‘ื“"ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืง' ื”ื‘"ื™) ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจ"ืช ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื”ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืขืฆืžื ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ, ืืœื ื“ืคื™' ื”ืจืื™ื” ื‘ืื•"ื ืงืฆืช, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืฉื•"ืจ ื‘ืœื—ื•"ืฉ (ืก"ืง ื›ื) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื“"ื˜, ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื•, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื’ื™' ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื "ืœ, ืขื™' ื‘ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื’ืจืก ื‘ืื•"ื ืงืฆืช ื“ื’ืจืก ืจืง ื“ืœื™ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ ืฉืžืขืชืชื ืืœื ื›ื™ ื”ื ื“ืจ"ืœ, ื•ืœื ื“ืžื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื˜ื”ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ื“ืจ"ืœ, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ื›"ื” ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ืข"ืฉ. [ืื•ืœื ืžืื™ ื“ื ืงื˜ ื‘ื"ื“ ืฉื ื“ืจ"ืœ ืœื—ื•ืžืจื ืืชื, ื ืจืื” ื“ืื™ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›"ื› ื“ืืฃ ื“ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื›ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ืกื™' ืœื”) ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉืœืงื•ืœื ืืชื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.]

ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืจืื‘"ื“ (ืกื™' ื‘ ื“ื™ืŸ ื— ื‘ื"ื“) ืฉื’"ื› ืคื™ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื• ืืœื ื‘ืื•"ื ืงืฆืช, ื“ืœื™ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื ืงืื™ ืจืง ืจื™ื‘ื“ื ื“ื›ื•ืกื™ืœืชื ื•ืœืคืœื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื—ื•ืœ. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื“ืจ"ื™ ื“ืœื ืชืคืชื— ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื›ื•' ืงื™"ืœ ื›ื•ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื ื“ืจ"ืœ ื“ืœื ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืืœื ื“ืจืš ื’ื“ื™ืœืชื”, ื“ื”ื›ื™ ื ืžื™ ืขืฆืžื” ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื›ื•' ืžืกืชื™ืจื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื”ื ืžื™ื ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ื’ื“ื™ืœืชื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื‘ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื ื“ื—ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื. ื•ืขื™' ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืขืฆืžื” ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื›ื•' ื”ื•ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื’ื“ื™ืœืชื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืื“ื ื ืžื ืข ืžืœืคืชื•ื— ื•ืœืขืฆื•ื ืขื™ื ื™ื• ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื“ืจื›ื• ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืžืชืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืœื™ื›ื ืก ืฉื ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื“ืจืš ื’ื“ื™ืœืชื”, ืข"ืฉ.

ืื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ [ืœื“ืขืช ืขืฆืžื•] ืžื” ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื” ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ืœืคื™ ื’ื™ืจืกืชื• ืžืกืงื™ื ืŸ ื“ืžื•ืชืจืช, ืœืžืื™ ื“ืชื ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื•ืื•ืช (ืค"ื— ืž"ื”) ื“ืงืจืฆื” ืฉืคืชื•ืชื™ื” ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื˜ื‘ืœื”. ื•ืชื™' ื“ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชื ื“ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ืื‘ืœ ืคืชื—ื” ืขื™ื ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ื›ืœื•ื ืืœื ืงืžื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœืžื ื”ื•ื ื“ืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื“ืจื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžืขื›ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืžืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื”ื ืžื™ื ืžืžืฉ, ืขื›"ืœ. [ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื™' ื”ืจ"ืŸ, ืข"ืฉ.] ื•ืชื™ืจื•ืฆื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฆ"ื‘ ืงืฆืช, ื“ืœืคื•ื ืจื™ื”ื˜ื ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืฆืžื” ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ื›ืš ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉื ืชื›ืกื” ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ื›ืžืงื•ื ืฉื‘ื’ืœื•ื™. ืืœื ื“ืœืค"ื– ืฆ"ื‘ ืงืฆืช ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื ื•, ื•ืžื” ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืขื™ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืขื›ืช ื›ืœื•ื, ื•ืฆ"ืข.

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™"ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื“ืก"ืœ ืœื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื“ืืคื™' ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื“ืจืš ืœื”ืชื›ืกื•ืช ืž"ืž ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื”ื ืžื™ื ืงืฆืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืžืข ืงืฆืช ืžืœืฉื•ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ืžืชืขื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืœื™ื›ื ืก ืฉื ื›ื“ืจืš ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื“ืจืš ื’ื“ื™ืœืชื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื™ื›ื ืก ื‘ื”ื ืžื™ื [ื“ื“ื•ื—ืง ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืฉื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื™]. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื–ื”ื• ื’"ื› ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืชื—"ื“ ื“ื‘ืขื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ืจืš ื’ื“ื™ืœืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืžื™ื ืงืฆืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื”"ืก, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืื™ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก, ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืฉื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื›ืขื™"ื– ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืกืž"ื’ ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ื"ืฆ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืคื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืืฃ ืœื“ื™ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืฉื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขื›ื‘ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืžื™ื. [ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื—ื™ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจื•"ืž (ืกื™' ืงื‘ ืื•ืช ื‘ ื“"ื” ื•ืžื”) ืข"ืฉ.]

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืง ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฆืช ืข"ืค ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ (ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ืฃ ืกื•, ื‘) ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื“ืœื™ื›ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืš ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืœืฉื, ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื. ื•ืœืค"ื– ื ื™ื—ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ืœื™ื›ื ืก ืฉื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืฉื. ื”ื ื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืงื•ืฉื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ืž"ืฉ ืขืฆืžื” ืขื™ื ื™ื” ื“ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžื”ื ื“ืชื ืŸ ื“ืงืจืฆื” ืฉืคืชื•ืชื™ื” ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืœื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืžืื™ ื“ืžืคืจืฉื™ ื“ื”ื ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ืชื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืžื™ื”ื“ืง ืœื”ื• ื•ืžืกืชื™ืจ ื—ื™ืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืคืชื™ื ื“ื”ื•ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื (ื•ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื’), ืข"ืฉ.

ืืžื ื ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืœืžื“ื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืคื™ื” ืฉื™ื”ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ืžื‘ื™ื ืข"ื– ื”ืš ืžืชื ื™ืชื™ืŸ ื“ืงืจืฆื” ืฉืคืชื•ืชื™ื”, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื“ื—ื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ื“ืœืค"ื“ ื”ืจื™ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื•ืœื ืจืง ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืš ื"ืฆ ืœืœืžื“ื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืคื™ื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืคื” ืกื’ื•ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ืกื‘ืจืชื•. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืจ"ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืคื™' ื”ืฆื“ ื“ืื™ื ื• ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื”"ืก [ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“], ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื“ืช ืขืœื™ื•, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืœื ืžืฉืžืข ื›ืŸ ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ.

ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ืข"ืค ืกื‘ืจืชื”ืœื—ื•"ืฉ (ืก"ืง ื›ื) ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื—ื™ื“ืฉ ื“ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืœื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ืฉื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื•ืœ"ื— ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ืœืค"ื– ื™"ืœ ื“ื”"ื  ื‘ืคื” ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืžื”ืื™ ื˜ืขืžื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. ืืœื ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืœื—ื•"ืฉ ืขืฆืžื•, ื“ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื“ื"ืฆ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืฉืคืชื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ืื•"ื. ื“ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›ื– (ืฉืžืœื” ืื•ืช ืœ) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืืจ ื”ื ื“ื"ืฆ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืคื™ื” ืžื”ืกืž"ื’ ืžื˜ืขื ื“ืžื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ื”. [ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉืจืฆื” ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืžื›ื— ื–ื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืช"ืช (ืื•ืช ื™ื–) ืžื”ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ ื“ื ื™ืืœ ืœื”ืงืœ ื‘ืงืจืฆื” ืฉื™ื ื™ื”, ืข"ืฉ.] ื•ื™ืœ"ืข ื“ืœืค"ื“ ื”ื "ืœ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืœ ื›ื”ื—ืž"ื“, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”.

ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืงื•ืฉื™ื™ืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“, ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืื’ืจ"ืž (ืกื™' ืฆื— ื‘ืชื—"ื“) ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื‘ืืจ ืกื‘ืจืชื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื•"ื.


ื“ืฃ ืกื–, ื‘

ื"ืจ ื™ืฆื—ืง ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื”, ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉื” ืžืกื™ื ื™ ื“ืืžืจ ืžืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื™ืŸ ื•ืžื—ื™ืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืœ"ืž, ืข"ื›. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ (ื“, ื‘) ื•ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” (ื•, ื) ื“ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืœืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืžืงืจื ื“ื•ืจื—ืฅ ืืช ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ืžืกื™ืง ื“ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ืืชื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืœืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ื•ืœืžืงืคื™ื“ ื•ืœืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืจืง ืจื•ื‘ื• ื”ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•"ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื (ืข"ื“ ื”ืชื•ืก') ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ืื™ ืœืื• ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ื”ื•"ื ื“ืจืง ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืงืž"ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ื“ืืคื™' ืจื•ื‘ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื“ืงื“ืง ืื™ืคื›ื ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืž' ื“ื ืงื˜ื” ื“ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ืืชื™ื ืœืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืœืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืื™ ืœืื• ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ื”ื•ื™ ืืคื™' ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืœื” ืžืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื ื“ืงืจื ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืœ [ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื‘ืขืœ ืงืจื™], ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืขืจื•ื”"ืฉ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“) ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื”. [ื•ืœืค"ื– ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืคืœื•ื’ืชืชื ืชืœื™ื ื‘ืคืœื•ื’ืชื ื“ืขืœืžื ืื™ ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืŸ ืœื™ื” ื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื•ื—ืœืง ืื• ื›ืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื, ื•ืฉื•"ืจ ื›ืขื™"ื– ื‘ื˜ื•"ื ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื” (ื™ื, ื) ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.]

ืื•ืœื ื‘ื’ืž' ืฉื ืžืฉืžืข ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžืžื™ืœืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื•ืฆ"ืข. ื•ื›ืŸ ืฆ"ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ [ืœืคื™ ืžื” ื“ื ืงื˜ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื“ืขืชื•], ื“ืžืงืจื ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื›ืคื™' ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื ื“ืงืจื ื“ื•ืจื—ืฅ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื. ื“ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื•"ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจืง ืฉื‘ืฉืจื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื–ื”ื”ื•ื™ ืกื’ื™ ืื ืืš ืื™ื›ื ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ื“ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื” ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš], ื•ืข"ื– ืืชื™ื ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ืื ืื™ื›ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื•ืคื• ืืข"ืค ื“ืื™ื›ื ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ื‘ืฉืจื• ืœื ืžื”ื ื™. ืื•ืœื ืœืค"ื“ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื”ื•ื™ ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ืŸ ืœื™ื” ืœืงืจื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื—ืœืง ื•ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ืข"ื– ืืชื™ื ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ืจืง ืื ื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื“ืžืื™ ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ืกืชื ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืืœื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืขืช ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื•ืœื–ื” ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื• ื›ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืงื•ื‘ื”"ืข ื‘ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืื•ืช ื“.]

ื•ืœื‘ืืจ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื–ื”, ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•"ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ืืชื™ื ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื•ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ื’ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื›ื•ืœื• [ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ืจื•ื‘ื• ื›ื›ื•ืœื•]. ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื”ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ืืชื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ื•ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื) ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ื•ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ืื™ืชื ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ืื•ืœื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื—, ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื”ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื ื’ื•ืคื ื“ื"ืฆ ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื•ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ื›ื›ื•ืœื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื•"ืฉ ื‘ืค"ื“ ืžื”ืœ' ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืฉืคื™' ื“ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžื˜ืขื ื“ืจื•ื‘ื• ื›ื›ื•ืœื•, ืข"ืฉ.]

ื•ื”ื ื” ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ื”ืœ' ืžืงื•ืื•ืช (ื”"ื‘) ื•ื–"ืœ ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชื•ืจื” ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ื‘ืฉืจ ื•ื›ื•' ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžืงื•ื” ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ืืžืจ ื‘ื–ื‘ ื•ื™ื“ื™ื• ืœื ืฉื˜ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ื ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื™ื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื•. ื•ื”"ื” ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื˜ืžืื™ื ืฉืื ื˜ื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืจืืฉ ืืฆื‘ืขื• ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืžืืชื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืคื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื” ื•ื›ื•' ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื˜ืžืื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื›"ืž ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื“ืจืฉื ื‘ืชื•"ื›.

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืงืฆืช ืžื“ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื“ืจืฉื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื–ื” ื•ืœื ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืœื” ืžืคืฉื˜ื™ื” ื“ืงืจื ื“ื•ืจื—ืฅ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื. ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืœื–ื” ื”ื•ื™ ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื’ื•ืคื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ืขื›"ืค ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื“ืžืงืจื ื”ื•ื™ ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ื ืจืื” ื“ื”"ื” ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืœื ืขืœืชื” ืœื• ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ื”ื "ืœ ื‘ืกื•"ื“ ื“ืืคื™' ื›"ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงื•ื” ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื˜ื‘ืœ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื•, ื•ื’ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื“ื‘ื™ืืช ืฉืžืฉื• ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ, ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื’"ื› ื ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ืื™ ืœืื• ื“ื ื“ื—ื” ื“ืงืื™ ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื• ื›ืื—ืช.]


ืฉื. ื”ื ื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื. ื“ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ืžืคืจืฉ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื”ืื•"ืฉ (ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื) ืžื‘ืืจ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืกื’ื™ ื‘ื”ืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื“ืจื•ื‘ื• ื›ื›ื•ืœื•. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœืžื ื”ื™ื›ื ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื™ื›ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ืืœื ื‘ืžืงืฆืชื• ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ.

ื“ื”ื ื” ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื ื‘) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•"ืช ืฉื•ื‘"ื™ ืฉื ืชืงืฉื” ื‘ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื (ืœื”, ื‘) ืฉื”ื“ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืจืฆืคืช ื”ืขื–ืจื”, ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื‘ื•"ื™ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ื›ืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืืคื™' ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื“ื”ืจื™ ืž"ืž ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื•ืคื•. ื•ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœื™ื• ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืจื’ืœื™ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื”, ื•ื“ืื™ ื“ืœื ืื–ืœื™ื ืŸ ืืœื ื‘ืชืจ ืจื•ื‘ ืจื’ืœื• ื•ืœื ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื•ืคื•, ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ืŸ ืžื ื˜"ื™ ื“ืื–ืœื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืชืจ ืจื•ื‘ ื™ื“ื•. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืืฃ ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ [ื•ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื˜"ื™], ืž"ืž ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื ืชื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœ ืจื’ืœื• ื•ืข"ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ืจื’ืœื• ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืขื–ืจื”, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืคืœื•ื’ืชืชื ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื "ืœ. ื“ืื™ ื ื™ืžื ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืกื’ื™ ื‘ื”ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ื”ืžืขืฉื”, ื"ื› ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ื“ืชืœื•ื™ ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืฉื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืฉื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื•. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืจื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื"ื› ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื“ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. ืื—"ื› ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงื”"ื™ (ืกื™' ื ื—) ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื‘ ืกื‘ืจื ื–ื•, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. [ืืœื ื“ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ืขืฆืžื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื ืงื˜ ื“ืžื˜ืขื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื, ื•ื‘ืข"ื› ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื’ื ืœื”ืš ืกื‘ืจื ืชืœื•ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.]


ืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื• ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืขืจื• ืงืฉื•ืจ ืื—ืช ืื—ืช, ืข"ื›, ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืกื•ื›ื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื“ืงื“ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืืคื™' ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื”ืงืฉื• ืขืœื™ื• ืžื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื’ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ื• ื”ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉื“ืงื“ืงื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืืคื™' ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื™ืœ"ืข ืžื™ ื”ื›ืจื™ื—ื ืœื–ื”. ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืจืฉ"ื™ ืก"ืœ ืจืง ื“ื‘ื’ื•ืคื• ืœื ื ืืžืจื” ื”ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ ื’ื•ืคื• ื•ืœื›ืš ืืคื™' ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืื›ืชื™ ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•. [ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ืจื™"ื“ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื, ืข"ืฉ.] ื•ื™"ืœ ืข"ืค ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื“ืงื“ืง ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื’ืž' ื“ืœืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืœืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ื“ื”ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ืืชื™ื ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ื"ื› ื™"ืœ ื“ื”"ื  ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืืชื™ื ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื—"ื› ืฉืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืฉื. ืืžื ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ืคื™ืจืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืื•"ื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.]

ืื•ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ืข"ื“ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื ืชืงืฉื” ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื” ืœื™ื›ื ืœืคืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื”ื›ื™, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื“ื”ืจื™ ืœืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืกื•ื›ื” ืฉื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื•"ืœ ื›ื’ื•ืคื™ื” ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื• ืœื™ื˜ืœื• ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื” ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ืฅ [ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื”ื•"ืœ ื›ื’ื•ืคื™ื”, ืข"ืฉ], ื•ื“ืื™ ื“ืกื‘ืจื ื–ื• ื”ื•ื™ื ืกื‘ืจื ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ืฆ"ืข.

ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืื™ื ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื›"ื› ื“ื”ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื’ื•ืคื• ื•ื›ืคืจืฉ"ื™. ื“ื”ื ื” ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ (ืกื™' ื‘ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•) ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื“ืชื ืŸ (ืค"ื˜ ืž"ื) ื“ื—ื•ื˜ื™ ืฆืžืจ ื•ื›ื•' ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ, ื”ืœื ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื”ื•ื. ื•ืชื™' ื“ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืžืงืคื“ืช ื“ืœื ืชื™ืžื ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื“ืช, ืืœื ื›ืœ ืฉืชืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื”ื•ื, ื•ืืœื• ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื"ื ืฉืœื ืชืกื™ืจื ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื—ื•ืคืคืช ืืช ืจืืฉื”, ืขื›"ืœ. [ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืœื’, ื) ืข"ืฉ.]

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื”ืžื”ื“ื™ืจ ืฉื ืขืœ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืชื™' ืื—ืจ [ืžืก' ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื˜ื•ืœ], ื“ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื˜ื™ื˜ ืื• ื‘ืœื›ืœื•ืš ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื“ืœื ื‘ืช ืื™ื‘ื˜ื•ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื›ื“ืืžืจ ืืฉื” ืœื ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื˜ื™ ืฆืžืจ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ื‘ืืžืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื“ืช [ืืœื ื“ืž"ืž ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘]. ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืจืื•ื ื™ ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืžืฆื™ื ื• ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื›ืœื™ื, ืื ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื‘ืœ ื“ืขืชื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจื• ืœืื—"ื– ื”ื•ื™ื ื›ืžืงืคื™ื“, ื“ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืงืคื™ื“ (ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืจ"ืฉ ืค"ื™ ืž"ื”), ืื•ืœื ื‘ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืœ"ื— ืžืงืคื™ื“, ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืื™ ื ื™ืžื ื“ื”ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื•"ืœ ื›ื’ื•ืคื™ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื• ืœื™ื˜ืœื• ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™, ื"ื› ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื“ืขืชื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœื• ืฉื ืœืขื•ืœื ื•ืœื ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. [ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืื’ืจ"ืž ื‘ืกื™' ืฆื– ืื•ืช ื ื“"ื” ืื‘ืœ, ืข"ืฉ.] ื•ื"ื› ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื ื™ ืจื‘ื•ื•ืชื ื“ืืคื™' ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ื›ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื“ืช, ื“ื”ื ื“ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืฆืฆืช ืžื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื•ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื™ ื"ืฉ ืกื‘ืจืช ืจ' ืื‘ืจื”ื ืžื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื "ืœ, ื“ืž"ืž ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื•, ื•ื›ืžื• ื˜ื‘ืขืช ื“ื‘ื”ื ื”ื• ื"ื ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื•ืœื›ืš ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ืขื›"ืค ืื™ ื ื™ืžื ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ืžื” ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ื ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ืงื˜ื• ื“ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืืคื™' ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืกื‘ืจื ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืจื”. ื“ื™"ืœ ื“ื‘ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื•ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืกื‘ืจื ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืจืง ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ื ืงื˜ื• ื‘ืกื‘ืจืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืืคื™' ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ืข"ืฉ, ื•ื"ื› ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืœื–ื” ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.]

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื’ื ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืขืชื” ืื• ื‘ื“ืขืช ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ื“ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืœื‘, ื‘) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืืคื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื“ืช ืขืœื™ื•, ืž"ืž ืื ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื”ื•ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”. ื•ืข"ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื‘ืื™ืฉ ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื”"ื” ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืš ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื•ืœื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื“ื“ื™ื ื• ื›ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“. ืื•ืœื ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื, ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘"ื™ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื•) ืฉื ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืœืขื•ืœื ืื–ืœื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืชืจ ื“ืขืชื”, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ืขื™' ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื”) ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื”.] ื•ื”ื ื” ืื™ ื ื™ืžื ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื“ืช ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ืกื‘ืจื ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื ื™ื—ื ื˜ืคื™ ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ืœื” ื“ืขืชื• ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ืื“ื. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืขื ื“ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื’ื•ืคื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ืกื•ืคื• ืœื™ื˜ืœื•, ื"ื› ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื”ื™ื” ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืขืชื•, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืขืค"ื– ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื’ื ืžื” ืฉื ืชืงืฉื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื“ื›ืœ ืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืกื™ืจื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ ืื ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืื• ืžื—ืžืช ืชืงื "ื—. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื™ืฉื•ืขื•ืช ื™ืขืงื‘ ืจื™ืฉ ืกื™' ืงืฆื— ื“ื ืงื˜ ื“ืื”"ื  ื”ื•ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืžื”"ืช, ืข"ืฉ.] ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ืขืจื•ืช (ื‘ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืื•ืช ื“) ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ืจ"ื— ืœืชืจืฅ ื‘ื–ื”. [ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืื‘ื "ื– (ืกื™' ืจื ื‘ ืื•ืช ื“, ืื•ืœื ืข"ืฉ ืฉื“ื—ื” ืชื™' ื–ื•.] ื•ืข"ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืชืจืฅ ื‘ืื•"ื ืขืค"ื“ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื”ืจื"ืฉ, ื“ืžื” ื“ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื” ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืคื•ืกืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ืงืคื™ื“ื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœืค"ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื‘' ืฆื“ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื "ืœ, ื“ืจืง ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืคื™ื“ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ืื™ ืžื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื™ื” ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื™"ืœ ื“ื”"ื  ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืงื "ื— ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื‘ื˜ืœื• ืœืฉื. ืื•ืœื ืื ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื“ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื™"ืœ ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืฉื. ื”ื ื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืคืœื•ื’ืชื ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœืื—"ื– ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื. ื“ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ื ื•ื‘"ื™ (ืžื”ื“ื•"ืช ืกื™' ืงืœื”) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื"ื“ ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ื”ืจ"ื– ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขื™ ืืžื• ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ืกื•ืคื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื›ืฉื™ื’ื™ืข ื–ืžื ื• ืœืฆืืช ื•ืืค"ื” ืงืจื™ ืœื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื™ื“, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืฉืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ืžืงืคื“ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคืขื ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื•ื›ืžื• ืืœื• ื“ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘ ื•ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›ื’ ื•ื›ื•' ื“ื‘ื”ื ื”ื• ืื ื”ื™ืชื” ืขืชื” ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื•ืฉ ืื• ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืœืจื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื ืขืชื” ืžืงืคื“ืช, ืžืฉื"ื› ื‘ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืžืขื™ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืžืขื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื“ืช ื›ืœืœ ื›"ื– ืฉืื™ืŸ ื–ืžื ื• ืœืฆืืช, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•.

ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•"ืช ืื‘ื "ื– (ืกื™' ืจื ื’ ืื•ืช ื•) ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•"ืช ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื“ื›ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืขืชื” ืžื™ืงืจื™ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“, ื•ื“ื•ืงื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืœื™ืฉื” [ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช] ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื“ื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ื‘ื™ื“ื” ืœืœื•ืฉ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืื‘ื "ื– ืฉื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžืžืื™ ื“ืงื™"ืœ ื“ื“ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื˜ื‘ื— ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ื™ื ืงื” ืื•ืชื ืœืื—"ื–. ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืื‘ื "ื– ืžื” ืฉื“ื—ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ืข"ืข ืžืื™ ื“ืžืกื™ืง ืฉื (ืื•ืช ื™ื) ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.

ื•ืœืค"ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืืจ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ื“ื’ื™ืœื“ื™ ื“ืžื›ื” ืœ"ื— ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืืฃ ืฉื™ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื” ืœืื—"ื–, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœื˜ืขืžื ื“ื ื•ืคืœ ืžืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. ืื•ืœื ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื ืงืฉื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•"ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ืก"ืœ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื“ืืคื™' ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื"ื ืฉื™ืชืจืžื™ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉืชื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžืงืคื™ื“. ื•ืฆ"ืœ ื“ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืŸ ืืœื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื•ืฉื"ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฉื”. ืืœื ื“ื"ื› ืฆ"ืข ืœื“ื™ื ื ืžืžืื™ ื“ืงื™"ืœ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™) ื“ืจื˜ื™ื” ืฉืข"ื’ ื”ืžื›ื” ื“ื—ื•ืฆืฆืช, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื›ื• ื‘ืกื•"ื“) ื•ื‘ืื‘ื "ื– ืœื”ืœืŸ ืฉื (ืื•ืช ื™ื’) ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื–ื”.


ืฉื. ื”ื ื” ื‘ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ืขื™' ื‘ืจืž"ื (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ื–) ืฉืคืกืง ื“ื˜ื‘ื— ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื“ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื• [ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื”ื‘"ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืจ' ื™ืจื•ื—ื]. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื ื‘) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื‘ื•"ื™ ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื• ืžื’ืž' ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื (ืœื”, ื‘) ื“ืžืกื™ืง ื“ืžืื™ ื“ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื• ื‘ื“ื ื‘ืจืฆืคืช ื”ืขื–ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžื˜ืขื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืœื—, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœืค"ื“ ื”ืจืž"ื ื“ื˜ื‘ื— ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื’ื ืขืœ ื“ื ืฉืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื•, ืœืžื” ืœื ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ื”ืชื ื ืžื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื“ื›ื˜ื‘ื— ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ืœื•ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืื ื˜ื‘ื— ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื’ื ืขืœ ื“ื ืฉืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื•.]

ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ื‘ืกื•"ื“ ืฉืชืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื‘ื•"ื™ ื“ืžืื™ ืงื•ืฉื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ืชื ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืžื”ื ื™ ืžืื™ ื“ืœื ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื” ืืœื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœ ืจื’ืœื• ืžืžืฉ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ืื™ื ื• ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืจื ืืœื™ืžืชื, ื“ื›ืœ ื”ืžืขืœื™ื•ืชื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืงืคื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื• [ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืงืคื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื’ื•ืคื• ื•ืœื˜ืขื ื”ืื—ืช ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ]. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ืœื ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ืฉื™ื•ืขื™ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•.

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉื‘ื•"ื™ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจืื™ื (ืกื™' ื›ื•) ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืจืื™ื” ื“ืœืื• ื‘ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืชืœื™ื ืžื™ืœืชื ื›ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ื‘ืคืจืง ื›ืœ ื”ืคืกื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื— ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ืฉืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืขื“ ืืจื›ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ื ื•ืžืงืฉื™ื ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื•ืžืฉื ื™ ืœื— ื”ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื“ื ื•ื›ื•', ื”ืชื ื ืžื™ ื‘ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืชืœื™ื ืžื™ืœืชื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืฉื‘ื— ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœ ื”ื“ื ืœืจื’ืœื• ื•ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื’ืœื• ืœืจืฆืคื” ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ืขื›"ืœ.

ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืžืขื™ืงืจื ื”ื•ื™ ืง"ืœ ื“ื”ืชื ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ืžืจ ื“ื”ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžื˜ืขื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืœื— ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืจืฉ ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืกื‘ืจืช ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ื”ื "ืœ ื“ืืžืื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆืช ื”ื“ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ืจืฆืคื” ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ื“ื™ื“ื™ื”. ื•ืข"ื– ืžืชืจืฅ ื”ื™ืจืื™ื ื“ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ื”ืชื™' ืกื•ืžืš ืขืœ ืžื” ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืžืขื™ืงืจื ื“ืฉื‘ื— ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ืฉื‘ื— ื“ื™ื“ื™ื”, ืžืฉื•"ื” ืชืœื™ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ื“ื™ื“ื™ื” ื•ืœื›ืš ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœืจื’ืœื• ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืชื•ืขืคื•ืช ืจืื ืฉื ื‘ืฉื ื”ื’ื”ื•ืช ื™ื“ ืฉืื•ืœ.]

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืืจ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจืื™ื ื•ื‘ืื•"ื ืงืฆืช, ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืงืฆืจ ืœื‘, ื) ืฉืคืกืง ื“ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืขืจืŸ ืœื ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ื–"ืœ ืฉื ืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงืคื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื, ืื“ืจื‘ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื•ืžื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืชืžื™ื“ ืœื ื•ื™, ืืข"ืค ืฉืฆื‘ืข ื–ื” ืคื•ืฉื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืขืจ, ื•ืจื•ื‘ื• ืืข"ืค ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื›ืืŸ ืžืงืคื“ืช ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืจ"ื– ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ืฉืขืจ ื•ื›ื‘ื’ื“ ืฆื‘ื•ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ืข ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. [ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ื‘"ื™ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ื–) ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื•ืจ' ื™ืจื•ื—ื, ื•ื›"ืค ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืฉื•"ืข, ืข"ืฉ.]

ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื“ืžืœื‘ื“ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื”ื™ื›ื ืฉืฉื ืื•ืชื• ืœื ื•ื™ ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื” ื•ืจื•ืฆื” ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื•, ื’ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื‘ื˜ืœ ืœื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ื"ื› ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื–ื” ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ื™ืจืื™ื, ื“ื”ื›ื ืœืื• ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื“ืขืœืžื ืืชื™ื ืŸ ืขืœื” ืืœื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ืœื›ื• ื‘ื”ื“ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืฉื‘ื— ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืื”ืจืŸ ื‘ื–ื”, ื"ื› ื’ื ื–ื” ืกื‘ืจื ื”ื•ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื•ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืžื• ืขืฉืื•ื”ื• ืœื ื•ื™ ื“ื”ื•"ืœ ื›ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื”. [ื•ืž"ืž ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื–ื” ื“ืœื— ื”ื•ื, ื“ืื™ืœื• ื”ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืืžืจื™ื ื• ื”ืื™ ืกื‘ืจื ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื‘ืชื•ืขืคื•ืช ืจืื ืฉื.]

ื•ืœืค"ื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื“ืœื ืชื™ืงืฉื™ ืžื›ืืŸ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื“ืจืง ื‘ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื ืืžืจื” ื”ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ื“ืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื“ืขืœืžื ืœื ืชืœื™ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ื“ื™ื“ื™ื”. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืงืฉื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื™ืจืื™ื ื•ื“ืขื™ืžื™ื” ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ื“ืœื— ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืžื˜ืขื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื”ื•ื, ื•ื”ืจื™ ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ื“ื”ื’ืž' ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื” ื’ื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื’ืœื™ ื”ื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœื”ืจืฆืคื”. [ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงื”"ื™ (ืกื™' ื ื— ืื•ืช ื‘ ื‘ืกื•"ื“) ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืชืงืฉื” ื‘ื–ื”, ืข"ืฉ.] ื•ืœืค"ื“ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื›ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžื˜ืขื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื“ืขืœืžื, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืจื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืœื ื•ื™ ืฉืœื• ืœื›ืš ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื–ื” ื”ื•ื™ื ืกื‘ืจื ื’ื ื‘ืื™ื ืš ื“ื™ื ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืื™ ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืื• ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืคื "ืข. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืก"ืง ื™) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืก"ืœ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื“ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืขืจื•. ืืœื ื“ื“ื—ื” ื“ื™"ืœ ื“ืจืฉ"ื™ ืื–ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื” ื“ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื ืืžืจื” ื”ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ื“ืจื•ื‘ื• ื•ืžืงืคื™ื“ [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืงื˜ื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•], ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืจืง ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื ืืžืจื” ื”ื”ื™ืœื›ืชื ื“ืจื•ื‘ื• ื"ื› ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื‘ื”ืฉืขืจ ืœื—ื•ื“ ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืŸ ื•ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืฉืขืจื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืขืจื• ื•ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜.

ืืœื ื“ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื“ืžืกื™ืง ื“ืž"ืž ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœื“ื™ื ื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืขืจื•. ืืžื ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื (ืก"ืง ื™ื) ื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื’ืž' ื‘"ืง (ืคื‘, ื). ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ, ืขื™' ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื‘"ื ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื“ื—ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ืžืคืจืฉ ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื“ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืขืจื• ืœื—ื•ื“ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื•ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื’), ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืœื—ื•"ืฉ (ืก"ืง ื‘ ื‘ืกื•"ื“) ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ืขื™' ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ืœื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืฉืขืจื• ื ืชืจื‘ื” ืžืงืจื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื›ืš ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคื "ืข. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืืจื›ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืœืขื™ืœ ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื“ืจืš ืกื™ื‘ื” ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืœื” ืžืงืจื ืื—ืจื™ื ื ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœืฉืขืจ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืคื "ืข, ืื• ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ืกื™ืžืŸ ื“ืžื“ืื™ืฆื˜ืจื™ืš ืœื” ืงืจื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ื“ืœ"ื— ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื“ื”"ื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืŸ ืœื” ื‘ืคื "ืข. [ื•ืข"ืข ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืฉื ืžื”ืื‘ื "ื– ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก.]

ืื•ืœื ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™' ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ื‘ื”ืœ' ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืคืœื•ื’ืชืชื ื‘ืื•"ื. ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืคืจืฉ ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช (ืขื—, ื‘) ื“ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœื• ืืคื™' ืื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื ืชื›ืกื” ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœืื• ืžื“ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืืชื™ื ืŸ ืขืœื”. ื•ืœืค"ื– ื›ืชื‘ ืœื‘ืืจ ื“ื”ื ื” ื›ืฉื‘ืื™ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื ื“ืจื•ื‘ ื•ืžื™ืขื•ื˜, ืื™ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆืชื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ืœื•, ื™"ืœ ื“ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืื ืฉืขืจื• ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ื–ื” ืชืœื™ื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื ืกื’ื™ ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื ืชืจื‘ื” ืžืงืจื ื“ืฉืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื“ื’ื•ืคื•. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืื ื”ื•ื™ ืจืง ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื”ืคื•ืกืœืช ื‘ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ืชืœื™ื ื‘ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ื“ ื“ื™ื ื ืื• ืœื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœืžื™ื“ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉืขืจื• ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชื•.

ื•ืขืค"ื– ื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื. ื“ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขืœืžื ืงื™"ืœ ื“ืื™ืŸ ืฉืขืจื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชื•, ืืžื ื ื”ื›ื ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืจื ื“ืืช ื“ื”ืฉืขืจ ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืื ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ื“ืฉืขืจื• ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื. ื•ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ืคืœื™ื’ื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื, ื“ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืก"ืœ ื“ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื”ืš ื“ืจืฉื ื“ืฉืขืจื• ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื•ืชื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื [ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื ืืžืจื” ื‘ื™ื” ืขืฆื ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื "ืœ], ื•ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืก"ืœ ื“ืœื ื ืืžืจ ืืœื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื’ื•ืคื• ืžืฆื“ ืขืฆืžื•ืชื•, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ืขื›"ืค ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืจ"ืŸ ืœื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืจื™"ื–. ื“ืœืคื™ ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ื”ืกื‘ืจื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ื›ื”"ืช ืฉืขืจื• ืœืื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื•, ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื—ื™ื“ืฉ ื“ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื“ืจืฉื ื“ืืช ื ืืžืจื” ื ืžื™ ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืขืจื• ื›ื’ื•ืคื•. ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื›ื”ืจืžื‘"ื, ื•ืจืง ื“ื”ื’ืื•ื ื™ื ืก"ืœ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื ืœืžื“ ืžืชืจื™ ืงืจืื™ ืœื›ืš ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืคื "ืข, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. ื•ื’ื ืื™ื›ื ื ืค"ืž ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืœื“ื™ื ื, ื“ืœืค"ื“ ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืžืฉืขืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื”ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ, ืžืฉื"ื› ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจ"ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื”ืื‘ื "ื–, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ืจื™"ื– ืžื”ื’ืž' ื™ื‘ืžื•ืช ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœื• ื—ื•ืฆืฆืช ืืคื™' ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•, ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื›ืž"ื (ื›ืœืœ ื™ื˜ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’ ื‘ืกื•"ื“) ืฉื ืชืงืฉื” ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืกืชื™ืžืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ืฉืืคื™' ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื“ื ื• ืขืœ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื›ื•ืœื• ืืชื• ืขืœื” ืจืง ืžืฆื“ ืจื•ื‘ื• [ื•ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืงืฆืจ ืœื‘, ื) ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ื‘ืขืช ื›ืœ ืฉืขืจื” ืข"ืฉ], ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”.

ืื—"ื› ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืœื—ื•"ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ืกื™' ืงืฆื— (ืก"ืง ื‘) ื“ื ืงื˜ ื“ืก"ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื“ื”ืš ื“ื™ื ื ื‘ืืžืช ื ื“ื—ื™ืช ืœื”ืœื›ื” ืžื“ืœื ืžื™ื™ืชื™ ืœื” ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืฉื‘ื•"ื™ (ืฉื”ื‘ืืชื™ ืœืขื™ืœ) ื“ืฆื™ื“ื“ ื”ืฉื‘ื•"ื™ ื“ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ื–ื‘ื—ื™ื ื“ื›ื”ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื ืืฃ ื“ื”ื•ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื•, ืž"ืž ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื”ืชื ืœื ื’ื–ืจื• ื‘ื” ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื“ืฉ. ื•ืชืžื” ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ื“ื”ืชื ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื—ื•ืฆืฆืช ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืœืค"ื“ ื”ืœื—ื•"ืฉื”ื "ืœ ื“ืชืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื "ืœ ื ื™ื—ื.


ืฉื. ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืคื•ืกืœืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ (ืจื™ืฉ ืกื™' ืงืฆื—) ื•ื–"ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื” ื‘ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ืขืœื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื•ื›ื•'. ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ืžื” ื“ืชืœื” ืœื“ื™ืŸ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื”ื ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉืชื”ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืื—ืช. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืฉื ืฉืžื‘ืืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื“ืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื” ื›ืื—ืช ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืคืกืœืช ืื•ืชื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื’ืžืจื™, ื“ืื—ืจ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื’ื•ืคื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขื‘ืจืช ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ืื•ืชื• ืื‘ืจ, ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื‘), ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื”ืจื™ ืžื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืชื• ื”ืื™ืš ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืืจ, ื•ื”ืจื™ ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืžื™ื, ื•ืฆ"ืข.

ืืœื ื“ืฉื•"ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื•"ื– (ืกื™' ืฉืกื) ื•ื–"ืœ ืฉื“ืจืš ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื ื“ืชืŸ ื—ื•ืคืคืช ืืช ื’ื•ืคืŸ ื•ืืช ืจืืฉืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืจื—ืฅ ื‘ืžื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ ื•ืœื ืื‘ืจ ืื‘ืจ ื•ืื™ ืื™ื›ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืœื ืงืจื™ื ื ื‘ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื•, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ื”ื ื“ืขืฉื• ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื ื›ืื—ืช ื•ืœื ืื‘ืจ ืื‘ืจ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ืืžื ื ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืŸ ืืœื ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ื”ื•ื™ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืงื•ื” ืืœื ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืขืœ ืžืงืฆืชื• ื“ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืจื™ ืขื›"ืค ื ื—ืฉื‘ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื• ื‘ืžื™ื ืืฃ ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืชื•, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืงืฆืชื• ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงื•ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื• ื›ืื—ืช, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืกื‘ืจื ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ื›ื ืขืœื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงื•ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืกื‘ืจื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ืžื•ื›ืจื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช. ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ืœื–ื” ืจืื™ื” ืื—ืช ืžื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ื›ื›ื•ืœื•, ืข"ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื• ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืงื•ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืœื ืกืœืงื ืœื™ื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื [ื›ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื–ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก], ื•ื"ืฆ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื•"ื– ื”ื "ืœ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืคื” ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื›ื•ืœื• ื›ืื—ืช. ื“ื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœื”ืš ื“ื™ื ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•"ื› ื“ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืœื” ืžืงืจื ื“ืžื” ื‘ื™ืืช ืฉืžืฉื• ื›ืื—ืช ืืฃ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื• ื›ืื—ืช, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื. [ืขื™' ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ืจื™ืฉ ืฉืขืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ื‘ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ (ืœ, ื) ื•ื‘ืจื"ืฉ ืกื™' ื›ื˜.] ื•ืœืค"ื– ืฆ"ืœ ื“ืžืื™ ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื’ืž' (ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›"ืž) ืžืงืจื ื“ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื• ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื ื“ืžืงื•ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ื ื” ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืฉื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉื™ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืœ ื›ื•ืœื• ื›ืื—ืช. [ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืจืื•ื ื™ ืฉื›"ื› ื‘ืก' ื™ืจืื™ื (ืกื™' ื›ื• ื‘ืชื—"ื“) ืข"ืฉ.] ืื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื•"ื– ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืœืžื“ ืœื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื• ื›ืื—ืช ืžืื•ืชื• ื“ืจืฉื ื’ื•ืคื ื“ื›ืœ ื‘ืฉืจื•, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืฉื. ืงื•ื“ื ืฆืืชื™ ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช (ื ื–, ื) ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื”, ืฉื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืคื•ื™ ืืข"ืค ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืชื—ืชื™ื”, ืž"ืž ืื ื”ื™ื ืžืงืคื“ืช ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”. ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืชืžื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืคื•ื™ ื•ื ื›ื ืก ื‘ื” ืžื™ื ืžืื™ ืื”ื ื™ ื”ื ื“ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืชื”ื ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืคืกืง ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื›ืคื™ ืžื” ืฉื ืงื˜ ื‘ื‘"ื™ ื‘ื“ืขืชื• [ื•ื“ืœื ื›ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื”], ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืฆ"ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื•. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื™ื’) ืฉื ืงื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืง ื—ื•ืžืจื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ.]

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืคืชื— ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืžืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ืฉื ื‘ื"ื“ ื“ืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืžื” ื“ืงื™"ืœ ื“ืฉื ื™ ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืืคื™' ื‘ืžืงืคื“ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื“ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชื ืฉื”ื•ื™ื ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฆ"ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ื ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื’ื ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ืŸ ื›ื“ืงื™"ืœ ื“ื ื™ืžื ืื—ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื” ื—ื•ืฆืฆืช ื•ื"ื› ืž"ืฉ ื”ื›ื.

ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™"ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื“ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžื” ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืžืขืฉื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืงื•ื”, ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื’ื ื ื’ื™ืขืช ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจื•, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœืค"ื– ื™"ืœ ื“ื‘ื”ื ื“ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืคื•ืกืœืช ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืจื™ ืื ืคื™. ื—ื“ื ื“ืข"ื™ ื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืงื•ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืขืช ืžื™ื ื“ื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืขืช ืžื™ื.

ื•ืขืค"ื– ื™"ืœ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืžื” ื“ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื“ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ืœ' ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื“ืœืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื”ื•"ืœ ื›ื’ื•ืคื™ื” ื“ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืžื‘ื˜ืœื• ืฉื ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจื•. ืื•ืœื ื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืฆื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื“ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืื– ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ. ื•ืœืค"ื– ื™"ืœ ื“ืก"ืœ ืœืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื”ื ื™ ืชืจืชื™ ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื” ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืžืชื—ืœืงื™ื ื›ืคื™ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื "ืœ. ื“ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืงื•ื” ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื•, ืื‘ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืชื™ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื“ื ืชื‘ื˜ืœ ืฉื ื•ื”ื•ื™ ื›ื’ื•ืคื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื•ืขื™"ื– ื ืชืงื™ื™ื ื ื’ื™ืขืช ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืฉืจื•.

ื•ืœืค"ื– ื™"ืœ ื“ืก"ืœ ืœืจื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืืฃ ื“ื–ื” ืืžืช ื“ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืคื•ื™ ืื™ื›ื ื ื’ื™ืขืช ืžื™ื, ืž"ืž ืื›ืชื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื” ืžืฆื“ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื”. ืืœื ื“ืœื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืœื’ืžืจื™, ืืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืจืง ืฉืื“ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœื ืชื”ื ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืฉื•ื” ืื•ืชื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœืžืงื•ื”. ื•ื–ื”ื• ื“ืงืืžืจื™ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืืœื• ื”ื—ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžืงืคื“ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ [ืฉืœื ืชื˜ื ืคื• ื•ื›ื•'], ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื™ื ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื”ืžืงื•ื”. ื•ืœืค"ื– ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื‘ืคืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ื“ื‘ืฉืขืจ ืขืฆืžื• ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื”ืš ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื“ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืฉืขืจ ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ืืฃ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื ื’ื™ืขืช ืžื™ื. ื•ื"ื› ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ื“ืื™ื›ื ื‘ื™ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ืจืง ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ืžืฆื“ ืื—ืจ, ื‘ื–ื” ื•ื“ืื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืืžืจ ืจื‘ ื ื“ื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืื™ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ืืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื“ืชื”, ืชื”ื ื‘ื ื“ืชื” ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ืขื”, ืข"ื›, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืจื™ื™ืชื ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื (ืฆ, ื‘), ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ื‘ื–ื‘ื” ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื“ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœืกืคื™ืจืชื”, ื•ื™ืœื™ืฃ ืœื” ืจ"ืฉ ืžืงืจื ื“ืื—ืจ ืชื˜ื”ืจ ืื—ืจ ืžืขืฉื” ืชื˜ื”ืจ. ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื•ื–"ืœ ืื—ืจ ืžืขืฉื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืกืคืจื” ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื–' ืชื˜ื”ืจ ืข"ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ื›. [ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” (ืกื™' ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื”) ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื“ืื—ืจ ืžืขืฉื” ืงืื™ ืื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”.]

ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ืคืกื—ื™ื ืฉื ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืœื” ืกืคื™ืจื” ืชื˜ื”ืจ ื•ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื“ื” ืœื” ืกืคื™ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื ื“ื” ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืฉืื™ื ื” ืกื•ืคืจืช ื ืงื™ื™ื ืืœื ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขื ื™ืžื™ ืจืื™ื™ืชื” ืื™ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืงื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžื” ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื‘ื™ืืจ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื‘ืกื™' ืงืฆื– (ืื•ืช ื’) ื•ื–"ืœ ื‘ื"ื“ ื•ื ืจืื” ื“ืžื“ื›ืชื™ื‘ ื•ืกืคืจื” ื“ื™ื™ืง ื“ื–ืžืŸ ืกืคื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืœื™ืœื” (ืขื™' ืกื“"ื˜ ื“ืฆ"ืœ ื™ื•ื) ื“ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื, ื•ืงืืžืจ ื•ืกืคืจื” ื•ืื—"ื› ืžื™ื“ ืชื˜ื”ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื™ื•ื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื™) ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื”.

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื˜"ื– (ืก"ืง ื—) ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื“ื™ืœืคื™ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื“ื” ืœื–ื‘ื” ื‘ืื•"ื ืงืฆืช. ื“ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื•ื–"ืœ ื“ื“ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื“ื” ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–' ืฉืœื” ื•ื›ื•' ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื“ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื” ืชืœื™ื ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื‘ื” ืฉืกื•ืคืจืช ื–"ื  ื‘ืกืคื™ืจื” ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื›ื•ืœื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืกืคืจื” ืžืงืฆืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื‘ื ืงื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืงืฆืช ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื“ื” ืœื–ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื‘ื ื“ื” ืชืœื™ื ืจื—ืžื ื ื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื–ื‘ื” ืชืœื™ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืกืคื™ืจืชื”, ื•ื‘ืกืคื™ืจื” ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ืœื•ืžืจ ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื›ื•ืœื•.

ื•ื ืจืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ื”ื ื” ื”ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ื“ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื›ื•ืœื• ืืคื™' ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืื™ื ื• ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืคื™ืจื” ื“ื•ืงื ื•ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช, ื•ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืžื™ื—ืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื“ื” ื“ืืžืจื” ืชื•ืจื” ื“ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื ื™ืžื™ ื˜ื•ืžืื”, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืžืขืฉื” ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ืกืคื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื ื”ื’ืช ืื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืจืง ื“ื”ืชื•ืจื” ื ืชื ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืฆื•ื” ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื™ืžื™ื. ื•ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ื“ืกื’ื™ ื‘ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื“ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื›ื•ืœื• ืฉื”ืจื™ ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ื•ืจ"ื™ ืืžืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืื™ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ืืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื”. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืคืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื“ืชืฉืžืฉ ื•ืืชื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื›ืจืช, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ืื™ ื•ืชืฉืžืฉ ื“ื ืงื˜ ืจ"ืœ ืืคื™' ืื—ืจ ื™ื•ื ื–', ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžื” ืฉื˜ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–' ืœืจืื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืชื‘ืขื•ืœ ืื—"ื› ื”ื•ื™ื ื‘ื›ืจืช, ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” ื‘ื–ื”"ื– ื“ื›ืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื–' ื ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื“ืจ' ื–ื™ืจื, ืื™ื›ื ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื“ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื“ื”ืš ื—ืฉืฉื ื“ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” ื ืืžืจื” ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื‘ื” ื“ืื™ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–' ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืคื™ืจืฉื• ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื“ืจ' ืฉืžืขื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืกืžื•ืš. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื”ื’ื”"ืž ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืื‘ื™"ื” ื“ืคืœื™ื’ ื•ืก"ืœ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื“ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื‘ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืืคื™' ืื ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืชื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœืกืคื™ืจืชื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื“ืขืช ืจื•ื‘ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืช ื™ื•ื ื–' ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ื•ื“ืœื ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช.]

ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื“ืขืช ื”ื‘ืขื”"ืž (ืื•ืช ื) ื“ื”ืš ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” ืœื ื ืืžืจื” ืืœื ื‘ื ื“ื” ื“ื•ืงื ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœืจืื™ื™ืชื” ื•ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ืืœื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืžื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ, ื“ื‘ื–ื”"ื– ืœื™ื›ื ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” ื›ืœืœ ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื–ื‘ื” ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–' ืœืกืคื™ืจืชื” ื“ืจ"ืฉ ืœื ื’ื–ืจ ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ. ื•ื”ืชื•ืก' ืื–ืœื™ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš (ื“"ื” ืื‘ืœ ืืžืจื•) ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–' ืœืกืคื™ืจืช ื–ื‘ื” ืื™ื›ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” [ื•ื›ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ืž' ื‘ืกืžื•ืš], ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืจ"ืฉ ืื• ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื“ื‘ืชืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉื.

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื”"ืž ืžื”ื ื“ืจื‘ื ื“ื”ืชื™ืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืื‘ื•ืœืื™ ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจ ืชืงื ืช ืจ' ื–ื™ืจื, ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืื™ ืœืื• ื”ืื•ื ืก ื”ื™ื” ืืกื•ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื. ืื•ืœื ืžื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœื™ื›ื ืจืื™ื” ืืœื ื“ื’ื ื‘ื–ื”"ื– ืื™ื›ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ืž"ืž ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ื— ื“ืื™ื›ื ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื”ืชื•ืก'], ื“ื”ืจื™ ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–' ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื•ื ืก ื”ืชื™ืจื•, ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืจื"ื” ื‘ื‘ื“ื”"ื‘, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืื‘ื™"ื” ื”ื "ืœ.] ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืจื"ื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืž"ืž ืœื ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœื” ืžืฉื•ื ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” ื“ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืจื—ื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื.

ื•ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื‘ืขื”"ืž ื“ืจ"ืฉ ืœื ื’ื–ืจ ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” [ื•ื›ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืžืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ื’ืž' ืœืขื™ืœ (ื›ื˜, ื‘)], ืืœื ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื“ื‘ืชืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ืž"ืž ืžื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ื’ื ื‘ื–ื”"ื– ืื™ื›ื ืžืฉื•ื ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—' ื•ื›ื“ื‘ื™ืืจ ืฉื ื“ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ืฉื ืฉื”ื™ื ื ืกืจื›ืช ืื—ืจ ืืžื” ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื ืกืจื›ืช ืื—ืจื™ื” ื‘ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ื” ืœืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืขื”"ืž ื“ืœื ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” ืื˜ื• ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–' ื“ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืจื—ื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื. ื•ืœื›ืš ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืž"ืž ืฉื™ื™ื›ื ื—ืฉืฉื ื“ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” ืื˜ื• ืขืฆื ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. ื•ืž"ืž ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ืŸ ืืœื ืœืžืื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื“ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื“ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืื™ ื“ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื’ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื’ื–ื™ืจืช ืจ"ืฉ, ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืœื ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืœืืชื•ื™ื™ ืœื–ื” ื“ื›ื—ื“ื ืชืงื ืชื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื, ื•ื™ืœ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ืชื•ืก' ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ืช ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ืื™ืŸ ืงืคื™ื“ื ืจืง ื›ืฉืชืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื"ืฆ ืฉืชืฆื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืžื‘ื™ืชื” ื“ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืกืคืง ื•ืœื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ื—ืฉ ืื ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื“ืžืจื’ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ื›ืืžื”, ืข"ื›.

ืื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฉื—ื•ืœืง ืข"ื– ื•ืก"ืœ ื“ื’ื ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ื—ืฉ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื— ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ืœื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืฉืžื ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ืช ืžื” ืœื™ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ืžื” ืœื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืข"ืฉ. ืืœื ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื“ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื ื”ื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื—ืฉื™ื›ื”. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื’ื ืœื ืชืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื“ ืฉืชื—ืฉืš, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื“ืงื“ืง ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื— ืฉื (ื‘ื“"ื” ื•ืืข"ืค ื‘ื"ื“) ืฉื“ืงื“ืง ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื’ื ืฉืชืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื”. ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืื ืชืฆื ืžื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ืชื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื” ืฉื’ื ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื, ื•ืœื›ืš ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉืœื ืชืฆื ืขื“ ืฉืชื—ืฉืš ื•ืœื ืคืœื•ื’ ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืจื—ื•ืง, ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจ"ืช, ื”ื ื” ืžืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื“ื›ืชื‘ื• ื•ืžื™ื”ื• ื•ื›ื•' ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืงืื™ ืื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” ื“ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™. ื•ืœืค"ื– ื™"ืœ ื“ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ืงื™ืœ ืจ"ืช ืœื”ืชื™ืจื” ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืžื ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืืคื™' ืื ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืขืฆืžื• ืฉื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ืฉืžื ืชืฉืžืฉ, ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ืฉืœื ื”ืงื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืชื—ืฉืš. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ืกื™' ืœื• ื‘ืกื•"ื“) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืจ"ืช ืจืง ืœืขื ื™ื ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืงื˜ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืจื™ื” (ืกื™' ืงืฆื– ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’) ื“ืงื•ืœื ื“ืจ"ืช ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืžื™ื ื™, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ืงื˜ ื”ืฉ"ืš (ืก"ืง ื• ื‘ืกื•"ื“), ืข"ืฉ.

ืื•ืœื ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื˜) ืฉื“ืงื“ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืื™ืคื›ื, ื“ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืจ"ืช ื”ืงื™ืœ ืืคื™' ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–', ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•"ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื’ืจืฉื•ื ื™ (ืกื™' ื›) ื•ืฉื•"ืช ื—ื›"ืฆ (ืกื™' ืžื), ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืืจื™ื›ื•ืช. ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืžืจื™ื”ื˜ืช ืœืฉื•ื ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ื"ื“ ื•ืœื™ื›ื ืœืžื™ื—ืฉ ืื ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืฉื™ื›ื” ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืชื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืงืฆืช ื“ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื–', ื•ื“ื•"ืง. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืคืช"ืช (ืื•ืช ื˜) ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•"ืช ื—ืช"ืก (ืกื™' ืงืฆื–) ืฉื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืกื™ืง ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขื•ื ื” ื“ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–' ื•ืœื ืชื‘ื•ื ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ืขื“ ืฉืชื—ืฉืš, ืข"ืฉ.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื”, ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉ"ืš (ืก"ืง ื—) ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•"ืช ืžื”ืจ"ื ืžืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ (ืกื™' ืขื) ืฉื ืฉืืœ ื‘ืžื™ ืฉืœื ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ืŸ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืื—ืจ ื’' ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื. ื•ืคืกืง ื”ืฉ"ืš ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืจื™, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืงืฆืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืื™ ืืฉืžื•ืขื™ื ืŸ ื“ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืจื™, ื”ืจื™ ืžื™ืœืชื ื“ืคืฉื™ื˜ื ื”ื™ื ื“ืงื™"ืœ ื“ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘, ื•ืฆ"ืข. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื“ืขื” ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื–ื”.]

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื˜ ื‘ืกื•"ื“) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”ืฉ"ืš ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืข"ืฉ, ื•ื”ื•ื ืชืžื•ื” ื“ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœืคื ื™ื ื•, ื•ืฆ"ืข. ืื—"ื› ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื›ืžืช ืื“ื (ื›ืœืœ ืงื™ื— ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉ"ืš ื“ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื“ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ื“ื•ื—ืง ืžื•ืชืจืช ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉ"ืš ื“ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื“ืœื™ื›ื ื“ื•ื—ืง ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื"ืฉ ืžื” ื“ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ื”ืฉ"ืš ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื“ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืจื™. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื’ื ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉ"ืš ืขื“"ื–, ื•ืœื›ืš ื”ืขืชื™ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ืฉื•"ืจ ื‘ืก' ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœื—ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ ื‘ื–ื”, ืื•ืœื ืข"ืฉ ืฉื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืœื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื›ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฉ"ืš ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ืœื—ื•"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ืข"ืฉ.]

ื•ืœืคื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื• ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื™ืœ"ืค ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉ"ืš ื‘ืกื•"ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ (ืกื™' ืงืฆื• ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ื‘) ื“ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืœื ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช, ืข"ืฉ. ื“ื™ืœ"ืค ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช ืžืžืฉ ื•ืืคื™' ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ื"ืœ ืจ"ืค ืœืจื‘ื ืžื›ื“ื™ ื”ืื™ื“ื ื ื›ื•ืœื”ื• ืกืคืง ื–ื‘ื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ, ืœื™ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืžืžื ื“ืฉื‘ื™ืขืื”. ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ืžืž"ื  ืื ื ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื™ ื™ื•ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–' ืœืจืื™ื™ืชื” ื•ื›ื•', ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื™' ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื•ื–"ืœ ื“ืžืž"ื  ื”ืฉืชื ืฉืจื™ื ืœืžื˜ื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ืžืžื ื“ืฉื‘ืขื” ื“ื”ื ืœื™ื›ื ืžืฉื•ื ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื”, ื“ืื™ ื ื“ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื ืชืžื ื™ื ืœื ื“ืชื” ื”ื™ื ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื™ืืจื• ืฆื“ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ื“ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชื ืช ืฉืœื ืชื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื“ื”ื ืขื™ืงืจ ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื“ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” ื ืืžืจื” ื‘ื”ืš ื™ื•ืžื ื“ืฉืžื™ื ื™ ืœืจืื™ื™ืชื”. ื•ืฆ"ืœ ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืจ"ืค ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืœื"ื” ื"ื ืœื‘ืชื” ืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื•ื™ื ื™ื•ื ืฉืฉื™ ืœืกืคื™ืจืช ื–ื™ื‘ืชื” ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืื™ื ื” ื˜ื•ืขื”, ืœื›ืŸ ืœื™ืช ืœืŸ ืœืžื™ื—ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื ืกืจืš ื‘ืชื” ื•ืชืฉืชืจื™ ืืžื” ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืš ื™ื•ืžื ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง. [ืืœื ื“ืฆ"ืข ื‘ืืžืช ืœืžื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืงืฆืจื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืืจื• ื–ื”.]


ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืจ"ืฉ ื•ื›ื•' ืื‘ืœ ืืžืจื• ื—ื›ืžื™ื ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื. ืขื™' ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ (ืฉืขืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืกื™' ื ื“ื™ืŸ ื“) ืฉื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–' ื•ื–"ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืืžืจื• ืืกื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืฉืžื ืชื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืกืคืง, ืคื™' ืฉืžื ืชืจืื” ื‘ื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืชืกืชื•ืจ ืœืžืคืจืข. ื”ืœื›ืš ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืžืฉื•ื™ื ืŸ ืœื” ื›ื–ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื™ ื—ื–ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืกืชืจืŸ ืœืžืคืจืข ืฉื•ื™ื•ื” ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœื”ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื ื“ื” ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืกืคืง ื ื“ื” ื”ื™ื, ื•ืืกืจื•ื” ื ืžื™ ืœืžื˜ื‘ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืฉื”, ืขื›"ืœ. [ื•ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืžืคืจืฉื™ื ื“ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ื–ื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ื™ื ืกืคืง ื ื“ื” ืœืคืจืฉ ื”ื ื“ื’ื–ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ืžืฉืš ืœืฉื•ื ื• ืœื ื ืจืื” ื›ืŸ ืืœื ื“ื”ื›ื ืงืื™ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.]

ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฆ"ื‘ ื‘ืžืื™ ื“ื›ืชื‘ ืžืฉื•ื ื“ืกืคืง ื ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื, ื“ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืื™ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืชืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืœืกืคื™ืจืชื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ืœืžื” ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื–ื” ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ื‘ื” ื’ื–ืจ ืจ"ืฉ ืฉืœื ืชืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ืฉืžื ืชืกืชื•ืจ, ื•ื"ื› ืœืžื” ื”ื•ืฆืจืš ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื–ื” ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืกืคืง ื ื“ื”, ื•ืฆ"ืข. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื‘ื–ื” ื™"ืœ ื“ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื›ื ื“ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืืœื ืกืคืง ื–ื‘ื”, ื•ื"ื› ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื’ื•ื–ืจื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืง ื“ืฉืžื ืชืกืชืจ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ื“ืฃ ืกื—, ื

ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื ืืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืคืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื ืืฉื” ืœื ืชื—ื•ืฃ ืืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื•' ืœ"ืง ื”ื ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื ื“ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ื•ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื ื“ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืคืคืช ื‘ื™ื•ื, ื”ื ื“ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ื•"ื˜ ืœื ืชื—ื•ืฃ ืืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืข"ื›. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ื”ื˜ืขื ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• (ื‘ื“"ื” ืžื”ื• ืฉืชื—ื•ืฃ) ื“ื—ื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืŸ ืฉืžื ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžืžื”ืจืช ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ืœื ืชื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืคื™ืจ, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืกื‘ืจืช ื”ื’ืž' ืœืขื™ืœ (ื”, ื) ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœืคื ื™ ืชืฉืžื™ืฉ ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื”ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ. [ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ืขื”"ืž (ืื•ืช ื“) ื˜ืขื ืื—ืจ ื•ื–"ืœ ืžื™ื—ืฃ ื‘ื™ืžืžื ื•ืžื™ื˜ื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื™ื ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžืฉื•ื ืขื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ืžื–ื™ื ื•ื›ื•', ืข"ืฉ.]

ืื•ืœื ื ืจืื” ื“ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืงื™"ืœ ื›ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื›ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื“"ื” ื•ืชืžื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืš ื•ื›ื•', ื•ืจืง ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื’ื ืข"ื™ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ื ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” (ืื•ืช ื“) ื“ื ืงื˜ ื“ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืžื›ื” ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื›ืžื” ืฉืืคืฉืจ, ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื ืงื˜ื• ื“ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื—ืœ ืœื™ืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื‘ืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ื ื™ื•"ื˜ [ื•ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื– ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื”], ืžืงื“ืžืช ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืข"ืฉ ืืฃ ื“ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืžืื™ ื“ืคืกืงื™ื ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืœื›ืชื ื›ืจ"ื— ื“ื—ื•ืคืคืช ื‘ืข"ืฉ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืจื"ืฉ ื“ื ืงื˜ ื“ืœืคื™ ืคืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืœื ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื›"ื›, ื•ืœืžื“ ื›ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื“ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืชื™ืจื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืชื”ื ืžื”ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื”, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ื“ืœื”ืจื—ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืืกื•ืจ. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื˜ื–) ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืข"ื“.]

ื•ื”ื ื” ืœืค"ื“ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ืงืฆืช ื“ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื›ืขื™ืŸ ืกื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื›ื•ืช, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืคืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื“ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืžืงื“ืžืช ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืœืข"ืฉ, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ืœืคื•ื ืจื™ื”ื˜ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ื“ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืจ ื˜ืคื™ ืžืจืฉ"ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ื“ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืžืžืฉ, ื•ื”ื›ื ื ืงื˜ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืš [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื— (ื“"ื” ื•ืชื“ืข) ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ ืข"ื–], ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ืง.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ื ืจืื” ื“ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืืœื ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื”ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื”. ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ื›ืŸ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื ื“ืจื™ืฉ ื’ืœื•ืชื ื“ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืชื‘ืจื ืœื—ืœืง ื“ืฉืื ื™ ื”ืชื ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืงื˜ื˜ื” ื•ื”ื•ื™ื ื›ืื•ื ืก ื“ื”ืจื™ ืžื•ื›ื™ื— ืžื™ื ื” ื“ืืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืคืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืืคื™' ื‘ืœื™ ืื•ื ืก, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื. ืื•ืœื ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘"ื— ืฉื ืฉื—ื™ื“ืฉ ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืืžืจื• ื“ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื” ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžืžื™ืœื ื—ืœ ืขืœื™ื” ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื™ื ื‘ืกื•"ื“) ืฉื“ื—ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘"ื—. ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ื‘ื"ื“ ืฉื ืฉืคืกืง ื“ืœืคื™ ืจืฉ"ื™ ืืคื™' ืื ื”ื–ื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื ื—ืคืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืžื•ืชืจืช ื”ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ื›"ื› ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืœืงืžืŸ (ืก"ืง ื™ื’), ื•ืข"ืฉ ื“ื›"ืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœืœ.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืข ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ืฉื ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืœื”ื™ืคื•ืš, ื“ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืืคืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืฉื—ืœ ืœื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืขื•ืฉื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืฉื—ืœ ืœื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ืฉืžื•, ืืœื ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื” ื“ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื’ืž' ืœื ืžืฉืžืข ื›ื•ื•ืชื™ื”, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ื”ื "ืœ ื“ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉืืœืชื•ืช ืืคื™' ืื ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืคืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ืœื™ืœื”.] ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืชื•ืก' ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืขื•ื“ ื•ื–"ืœ ืžื™ื”ื ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืฉื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ืฅ ืขื“ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืืคื™' ืœืคื™ ื”ืฉืืœืชื•ืช, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืืกื•ืจ ืืœื ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ื ื•ืœืฆืืช ืžืŸ ื”ืžืจื—ืฅ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืฉื”ืชื” ืฉื ืขื“ ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืืจื™ื›ืชื ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืขื” ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคืช ื’ื•ืคื” ื•ืฉืขืจื” ื•ืชื‘ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืจื›ื”, ืขื›"ืœ. ื•ื›"ื› ื‘ืจื"ืฉ, ืข"ืฉ, ื•ื›ืš ืคืกืงื• ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’), ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื“ ื“ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ื”ื•ื ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ืชืงืฉืจื• ืฉืขืจื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื ื™ื—ื ื‘ืคืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื“ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืžื”ื ื™ื ืืคื™' ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืขื›"ืค ื—ื•ืคืคืช ื”ื™ื ืขื“ ื–ืžืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื” ื•ืœื™ื›ื ื”ืคืกืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืžื”ืจืฉื‘"ื [ื‘ืฉื ื”ื‘ืขื”"ืž] ื“ื”ื˜ืขื ืฉืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ื•ืงื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืขื™"ื– ื ื–ื”ืจืช ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ืงืฆืช ืื ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืžื”ื ื™ื. ื•ืฆ"ืœ ื“ืž"ืž ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื”ื›ืœ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืื—ืช ืืจื™ื›ืชื ื”ื™ื [ื•ื›ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืก'], ื•ืื•ืชื” ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ื–ืžืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœืชื”, ืœื›ืŸ ืกืžื›ื™ื ืŸ ื“ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื ื–ื”ืจืช ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคืชื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืฉื•"ืข (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื’) ื“ื ืจืื” ื“ืคืกืง ื”ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื ืฉื (ืก"ืง ื™ื) ื“ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื›ืžืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื. ืืœื ื“ืื—"ื› ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื•ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื”ื "ืœ ื“ืžื ื”ื’ ื›ืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ืœืฆืืช ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื™ื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืฉ"ืš (ืก"ืง ื•) ืฉื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื™ ื“ื ืงื˜ ื›ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจ, ื•ื”ืืจื™ืš ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื“ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืืชื™ื ื›ืคืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจื"ืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ืื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืขื™' ื‘ืจืž"ื ืฉื ืฉืคืกืง ื“ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื• ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื“ื•ืงื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื˜"ื– ืฉื (ืก"ืง ื•) ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืคื™' ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ื“ืœื ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืืœื ืื ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ืฆื“ ื”ืจื™ื•ื— ื‘ืœื™ ืžื•ื ืข, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืืฃ ื“ื‘ื’ืž' ืœื ื”ืชื™ืจื• ืœื”ื“ื™ื ืืœื ื”ื™ื›ื ื“ื"ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื›ืฉืœื™ืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง, ืฆ"ืœ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืœื ืก"ืœ ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื’ืจ"ื (ืก"ืง ื™ื“) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉืคื™ืจืฉ ื“ื”ื ื“ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ื—ืง, ืข"ืฉ.

ืื•ืœื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืจืื” ืœื—ืœืง ื“ืืฃ ื“ืคื™ืจืฉ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช [ื•ืืฃ ื”ื‘"ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืคืกืง ื›ื•ื•ืชื™ื”], ืž"ืž ื ืจืื” ื“ืื™ื›ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืฉื”ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ืืœื ื“ื”ื—ื•ืคืฃ ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ืจ"ื– ืžืฉื•ื‘ื—ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ื”ืจื™ ืœื™ื›ื ืœื—ื•ืฃ ืืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื“ื•ืงื ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื“ืงื“ืง ื”ื‘"ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ื"ื› ืืคืฉืจ ื“ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœื ื”ืงื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืืœื ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ืœื•ืœื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื›ืจื™ืข ืžื“ืขืช ืขืฆืžื• ื“ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ื—ืง ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉ"ื™, ื•ื›ื—ื–ื™ื ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›"ืž (ืื•ืช ื’) ืฉื”ืจื‘ื” ืจื‘ื•ื•ืชื ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ืœื“ืขืชื• ื”ืœื ื”ืžื” ื”ืชื•ืก' ื•ื”ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ื•ื”ืกืž"ื’ ื•ืกื”"ืช, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• [ื•ื’ื ื“ืขืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื ืจืื” ื“ื ื•ื˜ื” ืœื“ืขืชื• ื•ื›ื "ืœ], ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื“ื™ืฉ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœื–ื” ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ื•ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ืื›ืชื™ ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”.

ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืข ื‘ื˜"ื– ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื‘ื”ื ื“ืžืงื™ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ื•ื [ื“ืžื”ื ื™ื ืœืค"ื“ ืืฃ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช], ื“ืž"ืž ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื”, ื•ื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืฉ ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืชื‘ืืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื•' ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืคื” ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” [ื•ื›"ื› ื”ืกื“"ื˜ ื‘ืคืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืข"ืฉ]. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืžื• ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื, ื“ืืฃ ื“ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืจื”"ื‘ ื“ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘ ื›ืฉื—ื•ืคืคืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืž"ืž ื”ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื›ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื—ื™' ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื™ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•. ืื•ืœื ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื”ื˜"ื– ืฉื“ื™ื ื• ืฉื•ื” ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื•' ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื•ืŸ, ืืžื ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื›ืชื™ ืื™ื›ื ื ืค"ืž ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื”ื• ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืื ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื•ืœื ืขื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. [ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืชื‘ื ื• ืžื–ื” ืœืขื™ืœ ืœื‘ืืจ ื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ื”ื‘ืื ื• ืฉื ื“ื”ื˜"ื– ืขืฆืžื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ืœืง ืขืœ ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ืก"ืง ื™ื‘, ืข"ืฉ, ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื˜"ื– ื‘ืก"ืง ื™, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ื–ื”.]

ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืข ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืž"ื ื”ื "ืœ ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ืชืžื”ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืชื” ื•ืชื—ื•ืฃ ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื—ืคืคื” ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื“ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื“ื—ืง ืžื”ื ื™ ืืคื™' ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื•ื›ื "ืœ, ื•ืข"ื– ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืž"ืž ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ืœื—ื•ืฃ ื™ืคื” ืฉืœื ืชื”ื ืžื”ื•ืžื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื”. ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ (ืก"ืง ื™ื’) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•"ืช ื”ืžื”ืจืฉ"ืœ (ืกื™' ื•) ืฉื ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืชืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืฉืขื” ืื—ืช, ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”"ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื•ื ื ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื›ืŸ.


ืฉื. ื”ื ื” ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ื“ื”ื™ื›ื ืฉื—ืœ ืœื™ืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ, ืœื›"ืข ื“ื™ ืœื” ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ, ื•ื›ืš ืคืกืงื• ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื“, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืชื‘ ื“ืž"ืž ืžื ื”ื’ ื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืชืจื—ืฅ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืข"ืฉ ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืชื—ื•ืฃ ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ, ื•ื›"ืค ื”ืจืž"ื, ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืฉื ื“ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™ ื“ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืงื•ื“ื ืœื™ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืืคื™' ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื“ื—ืง ื™ืฉ ืœืชืงืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืื™ ื“ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœื—ื•ื“ื. ืื‘ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื– ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื’ืžื•ืจื”, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืžืฉื•"ื” ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื•"ืข ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื”, ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคืกืง ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื›ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ื•ื›ื "ืœ.]

ืื•ืœื ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜"ื– (ืก"ืง ื–) ืฉื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืก"ืœ ื“ืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ืืชื™ื ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ื“ื”ื›ื ืžื•ื“ื” ื“ืžื”ื ื™ ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื“ืข"ืฉ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœื”ืš ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืžื•ืขื˜ืช ื•ืกื’ื™ ื‘ื”ื›ื™, ื•ืฆ"ืข ื‘ืกื‘ืจืชื• ื‘ื–ื”. ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžื ื”ื’, ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื“"ื˜ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืžื ื”ื’ ื–ื” ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื” (ื™ื—, ื‘) ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ื™ื•"ื›, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื›ืชื‘ื• ื›ืืŸ ื‘ืกืžื•ืš, ืข"ืฉ.


ืฉื. ื”ื ื” ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืขื•ื“ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืจ"ืช ื“ื”ื ื“ืืžืจื™ื ืŸ ืืฉื” ื—ื•ืคืคืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ืจ"ืœ ืžืข"ืฉ ืœืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ ื•ืžืกื™ืง ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ืœื ืืคืฉืจ, ื•ืจ"ืœ ืฉืžื•ืฆ"ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•"ื˜, ืข"ืฉ. [ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืขื ื’ื™' ื”ืจื™"ืฃ ื“ื”ื’ืž' ืžืงืฉื” ืžื”ืœื›ืชื ื“ืืžื™ืžืจ, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.] ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื"ืฉ (ื”ืœ' ืžืงื•ืื•ืช ืกื™' ืœื•), ื•ืข"ืฉ ื‘ืจื"ืฉ ื“ืžืกื™ืง ืขืœื” ื•ื–"ืœ ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืื™ื“ื ื ื•ื ื–ื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืžืœื™ืชืŸ ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœื”ืชืขืกืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, [ื•ื›ืš ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื”ื˜ื•ืจ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื•) ืข"ืฉ].

ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ ื”ื ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ืจื• ื›ืœ ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื“ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ืœื ื”ืงื™ืœื• ืืœื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ ื•ืœื ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื, ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื™ืœ"ืข ื‘ืžืื™ ื“ืคืกืง ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื™ื’ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื”, ื“ื”ืจื™ ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ (ืฉืขืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืกื™' ื’ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•) ืฉื“ืงื“ืง ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืืฉื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ, ื•ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื– ื“ืื™ื ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื"ื› ืฆ"ืข ื‘ืžืื™ ืคืœื™ื’ ืข"ื– ื”ืจื"ืฉ. ื•ื›ืขื™"ื– ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืกื”"ืช (ืกื™' ืง) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืจืง ื“ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื” ืžื›ืœ ื˜ื™ื ื•ืฃ, ื•ืœื ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ, ื•ืฆ"ืข.

ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืืจื™ืš ื‘ื–ื”, ื•ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ื•ื ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื"ืฉ ื‘ื‘' ืื•ืคื ื™ื. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื›ืชื‘ ื“ืก"ืœ ื›ื”ื ื”ื• ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช [ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ] ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžื“ืื•ืจื™ื™ืชื ืืœื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชืงื ืช ืขื–ืจื ื”ื•ื. ื•ื"ื› ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ืžื›ืœ ื—ืฆื™ืฆื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœืื•ืชื” ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœืคื™ ื“ืจืš ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืžืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื"ืฆ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื“ื’ื ื‘ื–ื” ื”ืงื™ืœื• [ืฉื”ื•ื ื’"ื› ื“ืจื‘ื ืŸ], ื•ืื“ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ืคื™ืคื”.

ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืชื‘ ืฉื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื ื™, ื“ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื•ืž"ืž ืชื™ืงื ื• ืฉืชื™ื–ื”ืจ ืฉืœื ืœื™ื’ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ืขื™ืœ ืœื” ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ืคื™ืคื” ืื ืชืฉื›ื— ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืœืคื™ ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืกื•ืžื›ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืฉืžืจื” ืขืฆืžื” ืืคื™' ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื›ืฉื ื™ ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื”ืจื™ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื"ื ืœื” ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ื›"ื› [ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื], ื•ืืคื™' ื”ืจืžื‘"ืŸ (ืค"ื˜ ื”"ื–) ืœื ืกืžืš ืข"ื– ืืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืคืคืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ืœื™ืœื”, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•, ื•ืฆ"ืข.

ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื— ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืคืœื™ื’ ืขืœ ื”ื‘"ื™, ื•ืก"ืœ ื‘ื“ืขืช ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื“ื‘ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืžื”ื ื™ื ืื™ ืœื ื—ื–ืจื” ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืคื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื”. ืื•ืœื ื‘ื˜"ื– ืžืงื™ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘"ื™ ืขืค"ื“ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื›ื‘, ืข"ืฉ. ืืœื ื“ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืชืžื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื‘"ื ื“ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ืœื ืกืžื›ื™ื ืŸ ืื”ื›ื™, ื•ืฆ"ืข. ื•ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื”ืจืž"ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืจ ื“ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื–ื”ืจ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืฆ"ืข ืืœื™ื‘ื ื“ื™ื“ืŸ ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ืื™ื–ื” ื”ืœื›ืชื ืžื”ื ื™ื, ื•ืขื™' ื‘ืฉ"ืš ืฉื (ืก"ืง ื™ื), ื•ืฆ"ืข.


ืฉื. ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ื‘ืื ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ื“ืžืคืจืฉ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื“ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืžื™ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืฉื—ืœ ืœื™ืœ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ื“ื‘ื›ื”"ื’ ื—ื•ืคืคืช ื‘ืข"ืฉ [ื•ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื“ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืœื“ืขืช ืจืฉ"ื™], ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืกืง ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”), ืข"ืฉ.

ืืœื ื“ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืš ื“ื™ื ื ื‘ืืžืช ื ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื. ื“ื”ื ื” ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืื‘"ื“ (ืฉืขืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืกื™' ื’ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•) ืฉืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœื” ื•ื–"ืœ ืžื™ื”ื• ืžื“ืคืจื™ืฉ ื˜ืขืžื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืžืฆื•ื”, ืฉ"ืž ื“ื”ืฉืชื ื“ืœื™ื›ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืœื ืžื™ื‘ืขื™ ืœื” ืœืžื˜ื‘ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ื•"ื˜ ื“ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื™ื”ื•ื™ ืกืžื•ืš ืœื—ืคื™ืคื”, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื ืงื˜ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืชืจืชื™, ื—ื“ื ื“ื‘ื–ื”"ื– ืœื™ืช ืœืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืฉื ื™ืช ื“ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืงื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืžืฆื•ื”. ื•ื›ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื”ืจื™"ืœ (ืฉื•"ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืกื™' ืฆื•) ืœืขื ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. [ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืงื“ืง ื“ืœื ื ืงื˜ ืžื˜ืขื ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื“ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืืœื ื“ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืงืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ื•ืืคืฉืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื“ื—ื™ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื• ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.]

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืื™ ื“ื ืงื˜ ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื“ื‘ื–ื”"ื– ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืžืฆื•ื”, ืžืฆื™ื ื• ื“ืื™ืคืœื™ื’ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืจื‘ื•ื•ืชื. ื“ื”ื ื” ื™ืขื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ืœืขื™ืœ (ืœ, ื ื“"ื” ื•ืฉืžืข ืžื™ื ื”) ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื“ืขืช ืจ"ื— ื•ืจ' ืืœื™ื”ื• ืฉืคืกืงื• ื“ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืžืฆื•ื”. ื•ื”ื•"ื“ ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืกื™' ืงืคื– (ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘) ืข"ืฉ, ืื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ืจ"ืช ืคืœื™ื’ ืขืœื™ื™ื”ื•. [ื•ืขื™' ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ื ื• ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื•.] ื•ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืืจ ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื”ื•ื™ ืžืฆื•ื” ืืคื™' ื‘ื–ื”"ื–, ื•ืืข"ื’ ื“ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื›ื ื“ื” ื“ืชืžื™ื“ ืกื•ืคืจื•ืช ื–"ื  ืžื“ืจ"ื–, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื' ื™ื•ื ื•ื”ื•ื™ื ืฉื•ืžืจืช ื™ื•ื. ื•ืขื•ื“ ื“ืืคื™' ืื™ ื”ื•ื™ื ื–ื‘ื”, ืžื”"ืช ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–' ื•ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ืืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื—' [ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื“ืจ"ืฉ ื•ื›ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื“ืฃ ืกื–, ื‘], ืž"ืž ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืชืขื›ื‘ืช ืืœื ืžืคื ื™ ืชืงื "ื— ื›ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ืœื”ืŸ ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืžื™ืงืจื™ ื•ืžืฆื•ื” ื”ื™ื, ืข"ืฉ.

ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ื‘ืืžืช ืœ"ื— ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื ืžืชืงื "ื— ื•ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ืœืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ืœื” ื—ื›ืžื™ื. ื•ืœืค"ื– ืืคืฉืจ ืœื•ืžืจ ื“ื”ืจืื‘"ื“ ื”ื "ืœ ืื–ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืชื• (ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืฉืขืจ ื”ื›ืชืžื™ื) ื“ืžืฉืžืข ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื“ื—ื•ืžืจื ื“ืจ' ื–ื™ืจื ืื™ื ื• ืืœื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžื ื”ื’ ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื• ื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ ื•ืœื™ื›ื ืชืงื "ื—, ืข"ืฉ. ื•ื"ื› ืœืคื™ ื”ื "ืœ ื ื™ื—ื ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ืžื›ื— ื–ื” ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื”.

ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ืœืฉื•ืŸ ื”ืจืž"ื ื‘ื“"ืž (ืื•ืช ื’) ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื“ืืคื™' ืข"ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื ืฉื ื”ื’ื• ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ ืžื™ืงืจื™ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื”, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื•. ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืœื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืขื”"ืž (ืฉืขืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื•ืช ื) ื“ื ืงื˜ ื“ื’ื ื”ืื™ื“ื ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืžืฆื•ื”, ื•ืืฃ ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ืฉื ื‘ืกื•"ื“ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื”ื ื“ืจ"ื– ืœื ื”ื•ื™ ืืœื ืžืžื ื”ื’ [ื•ื›ืฉื™ื˜ืชื• ื‘ืฉืขืจ ื”ืกืคื™ืจื” ืื•ืช ื’' ืข"ืฉ], ื•ื‘ืข"ื› ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ืืคื™' ืžื” ืฉืžื›ื— ืžื ื”ื’ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.

ื•ื”ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘"ื™ ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ื’ื ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื”ื’ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ืœื™ืœื”, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื•ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–' ืžื›ื— ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื›ื•ืœื• ื•ืžืื—ืจื™ืŸ ืขื“ ื”ืœื™ืœื” [ืžืฉื•ื ื’ื–ื™ืจื” ื“ืจ"ืฉ], ื’"ื› ืœื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื ืžื—ืžืช ื–ื” ื›ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื”. ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืงืฆืช ื‘ื–ื” ื“ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื“ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ื™ืŸ ืกืคื™ืจืชื” ื”ื•ื ืœื–' ื™ืžื™ื, ื™"ืœ ื“ืžื•ืฆืื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ืžื ื”. ืืœื ื“ืฉื•"ืจ ื“ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื™ื•ืžื (ื—, ื) ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื‘"ื™. ื“ืข"ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื›ื™ื—ื• ืฉื›ื™ื•ื ืื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืžืฆื•ื” ืžื”ื ืžืงืฉื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื”ืื™ื“ื ื ื“ื›ื•ืœื”ื• ืกืคืง ื–ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื™ื ื”ื• ืจื‘ื ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื• ื‘ื™ืžืžื ื“ืฉื‘ืขื”, ื•ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืคืขื, ืข"ืฉ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื. ื•ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืก"ืœ ื“ื”ื ืฉืœื ื˜ื‘ืœื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื–' ืืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื—' ื’ื•ืจื ืฉืœื ืœื™ื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื”, ื•ื“ื•"ืง.


ืฉื. ื•ื”ื ื” ืข"ืข ื‘ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื "ืœ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ืขืช ืจ"ืช ืฉื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื”ืจ"ื— ื•ืจ' ืืœื™ื”ื•, ื•ืคืกืง ื“ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื” ืœืื• ืžืฆื•ื”. ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืก' ื‘ื™ื•ืžื (ื—, ื), ื•ื‘ืžืจื“ื›ื™ (ืกื™' ืชืฉื ื‘), ืข"ืฉ. ื•ืข"ืฉ ืฉื›ืชื‘ื• ื“ืœืค"ื– ืืกื•ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ื™ื•ื”"ื›. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื‘"ื™ ืฉืžืชืžื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื’ืž' ื‘ื™ืฆื” (ื™ื—, ื‘) ื“ืžื‘ื•ืืจ ื“ืžื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ื•ื‘ืฉื•"ืข ื‘ืืžืช ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืœื˜ื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ืช. ืื•ืœื ืขื™' ื‘ื“ืจ"ืž ืฉืชื™' ื“ื™"ืœ ื“ื”ื ื“ืฉืจื™ ื”ืชื ืžืฉื•ื ื“ื“ืจืš ืœืžื™ืงืจ ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืงื ื‘ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ื–ืžื ื”, ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฆ"ื‘. ื•ืข"ืข ืฉื ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืชืจื•ื”"ื“ ืžื ื”ื’ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื” ืฉื›ืชื‘ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžื ื”ื’, ื•ืข"ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ื‘ื”ื’"ื” ื‘ืฉื•"ืข.