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Some hold that this law is a biblical obligation, while others hold it is of rabbinic origin.
There are several sources and reasons given for this law 1 :
Sidra Lech Lekha
In Sidra Lech Lekha (Genesis 12:1), the two words, consisting of the same letters in each word; Lech Lekha (Go for yourself) from your land… make a total of 100 = 30 + 20 + 30 + 20. Abraham was commanded by G-d to leave his abode and move over to a place that Hahsem would show him later on - the land of Canaan.
G-d promised Abraham that he would be blessed and also that he himself would become a blessing. Abraham the Hebrew, or Avraham Ha’Ivri in Hebrew, means, , a Abraham who moved over from one place and paradigm of idolatry to another place an paradigm of a single G-d worship.
King David
King David re-established this custom and Halakha to recite 100 blessings per day to stop the plague that was killing a 100 people every day. This Halakha was transmitted to Moses at Sinai but got forgotten over the many years that passed by.
Tzadik (A righteous person)
The Gematria (numerical value) of each 4 letter word Tza-D-I-K = 90 + 4 + 10 + 100, which indicate the following: 90 times per day we answer Amen to blessings, 4 times per day we recite Kedusha (3 in the morning and one in Mincha), 10 per day we answer to Kadish – Amen, Yehe Shmei Rabba + 100 blessings we should recite daily 2 .
100 corresponds to one hundred sockets of the Mishkan (Tabernacle) 3
Other sources
The Babylonian Talmud (Gemara Menachot 43b) learns about 100 blessings from the verse Devarim 10:12); "And now, O Israel, what (Heb. Mah) does the LORD your God demand of you? ..." Says the Gemara; Do not read Mah but read Meaah (100), as the complete verse contains 100 letters. Also, Mah in Gematria using At-Bash (10 + 90) is 100 4 .
The verse "Ki Khen Yivorach Gaver who is G-d fearing" (Tehillim 128:4), the first two words, "Ki Khen" make a total numerical value of 30 = 70 + 100.
The 100 blessings per day are a fence against the 100 afflictions mentioned in Sidra Ki Tavo; 98 curses PLUS two other illnesses mentioned by the words; Kol Choli (any illness) and Kol Macca (any blow/smite) - Deuteronomy 28:61, which are not included in the 98 curses 5 .
^ 1.Midrash Bamidbar Rabba Parasha 18, Tur 46 quoting Rabbi Natronai Gaon, Daat Zekenim
^ 2.The Reshit Chokhma (Shaar HaKedusha ch. 17)
^ 3.Tur or Baal HaTurim, Rabbi Yakov Ben Asher (Shemot 38:27)
^ 4.Daat Zekenim MeBaalei HaTosfot (Devarim 10:12), Baal HaTurim (Devarim 10:12)
^ 5.Chida in Kesher Gadol 5:32 and Machazik Beracha 46:2
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 8- "Answering Questions on the Kuzari's Proof from Mass Revelation
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Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 9 - "Seeing is Believing" (parag. 21-30)
These paragraphs elaborate on the theme that seeing and knowing is better than any attempt to prove logically, and begins explaining the difference between Israel and gentiles.
Ein Aya Various Universal Stages of the Geula Process
Rav Kook examines the various stages of redemption, explaining how (in addition to the obvious oft-mentioned stages of ingathering the exiles, reviving the Hebrew language, army, state etc.) the messianic dream of world prosperity, the State of Israel and world unity can and are realistically and logically gradually coming true.
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 8- "Answering Questions on the Kuzari's Proof from Mass Revelation
How do we know that the "claim" of mass revelation to 2,000,000 witnesses at Mt. Sinai is really true? This important class answers all of the questions skeptics ask about this claim of the Kuzari.
Ein Aya Armies Still Necessary for Balance & the War Against Wars
Rav Kook explains why the world was originally divided into the various seemingly contradicting ideologies and cultures, in order to develop each one respectively. Swords or armies symbolize how each respective ideology defends themselves, as well as deters their opposing ideologies and cultures. On the other hand, the messianic era will be one of peace, and Rav Kook explains the transition to that stage, which mankind is already undergoing.
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Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 7 - Five Accumulative Proofs of G-d
As a preparation for the Kuzari's classic proof of G-d from the mass-revelation at Sinai, we start here with 5 other directions to strengthen our belief which also contribute to what the Kuzari will present as well.
Ein Aya Muscle & Meaning: The Dual Nature of Gevurah (Physical Strength)
Is physical strength and fitness a necessity or an ideal? Although it if often totally overlooked among topics of Judaism, Rav Kook writes that it clearly is also a necessity to deter the many enemies of Israel, but even in Y'mot HaMashiach, in the Messianic era, to a certain extent, it's ideal continues even after our enemies will have been finished off.
