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You asked about a city’s set beit din to whom a document was presented and beit din knows that it is forged by an expert and that the witnesses who signed it are liars, although this has not been formally substantiated in court. Based on their personal knowledge [based on experience/ intuition, …], beit din ripped up the document. Does the document’s owner have claims against beit din? Does a respected beit din that is careful to not extract money from people without basis, have the power to take such steps as a hora’at sha’ah (exceptional remedy to a situation)?
The answer is that if the beit din has an established reputation as a reliable, G-d fearing, distinguished beit din, they have the power to take the type of steps you mentioned. This is apparently Chazal’s intention when they spoke of "judgment of truth to its truth" (Sanhedrin 7a).
There is a similar case that the gemara describes in Bava Metzia (39b). Mari bar Isak had a brother who came from Choza’ah, asking to receive a portion in their father’s inheritance. Mari bar Isak said he did not recognize his brother, which was reasonable since the latter was young when they had last seen each other. When asked to produce witnesses of his identity, the brother said that his witnesses were unwilling to testify because they feared Mari, who was an intimidating person. Rav Chisda ruled that Mari was responsible to produce witnesses that the person was not his brother. When Mari asked how Rav Chisda could go against the rule that the one who wants to extract money has to produce evidence, Rav Chisda answered: "This is how I judge you and other intimidating people like you."
We see that Rav Chisda altered the normal law based on a specific need and a desire that the judgment should come out to be true in earnest. However, beit din has to investigate and deliberate carefully before it rips up people’s documents. We see this from another Talmudic story (Ketubot 85a). Rav Pappa said: "Now that we know that a person’s intuited knowledge has halachic status, I would rip up a document based on the assertion of my son, whom I know to be fully honest." The gemara said he could not have possibly meant he would rip up a document based on his son, but just weaken its reliability.
I have heard that a case came before our teacher, the Ramban, and he ripped up a document with his own hands. However, everything depends on how one checks and the intent for the sake of Heaven; one who fears Hashem finds a way to do the most correct thing.
P'ninat Mishpat (829)
Various Rabbis
283 - Realtor With a Delayed Demand of a Fee
284 - Authority to Rule Based on Convicton
285 - Looking for a Flaw
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P'ninat Mishpat P'ninat Mishpat: To Whom Do the Payments Go? – part I
based on ruling 81075 of the Eretz Hemdah-Gazit Rabbinical Courts
P'ninat Mishpat P'ninat Mishpat: Unsuccessful Transfer of Yeshiva – part V
based on appeal ruling 82138 of the Eretz Hemdah-Gazit Rabbinical Courts
P'ninat Mishpat P'ninat Mishpat: Late and Flawed Apartment
based on ruling 82174 of the Eretz Hemdah-Gazit Rabbinical Courts
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 8- "Answering Questions on the Kuzari's Proof from Mass Revelation
Rabbis in Midrash
Lessons
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Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 9 - "Seeing is Believing" (parag. 21-30)
These paragraphs elaborate on the theme that seeing and knowing is better than any attempt to prove logically, and begins explaining the difference between Israel and gentiles.
Ein Aya Various Universal Stages of the Geula Process
Rav Kook examines the various stages of redemption, explaining how (in addition to the obvious oft-mentioned stages of ingathering the exiles, reviving the Hebrew language, army, state etc.) the messianic dream of world prosperity, the State of Israel and world unity can and are realistically and logically gradually coming true.
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 8- "Answering Questions on the Kuzari's Proof from Mass Revelation
How do we know that the "claim" of mass revelation to 2,000,000 witnesses at Mt. Sinai is really true? This important class answers all of the questions skeptics ask about this claim of the Kuzari.
Ein Aya Armies Still Necessary for Balance & the War Against Wars
Rav Kook explains why the world was originally divided into the various seemingly contradicting ideologies and cultures, in order to develop each one respectively. Swords or armies symbolize how each respective ideology defends themselves, as well as deters their opposing ideologies and cultures. On the other hand, the messianic era will be one of peace, and Rav Kook explains the transition to that stage, which mankind is already undergoing.
The Land of Israel LGBT'S IN ISRAEL
The question was asked, how can one make Aliyah with the LGBT parades?
Kuzari -Rabbi Ari Shvat Kuzari class 7 - Five Accumulative Proofs of G-d
As a preparation for the Kuzari's classic proof of G-d from the mass-revelation at Sinai, we start here with 5 other directions to strengthen our belief which also contribute to what the Kuzari will present as well.
Ein Aya Muscle & Meaning: The Dual Nature of Gevurah (Physical Strength)
Is physical strength and fitness a necessity or an ideal? Although it if often totally overlooked among topics of Judaism, Rav Kook writes that it clearly is also a necessity to deter the many enemies of Israel, but even in Y'mot HaMashiach, in the Messianic era, to a certain extent, it's ideal continues even after our enemies will have been finished off.
