Ask the Rabbi
  • Torah and Jewish Thought
  • Torah Study
  • Torah Teachings
ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื” ืžืฉื ื™ืช
undefined
Question
In last weeks Parshah Yitro, in the Pasuk "Lo Tachmod". It says that we should not covet thy neighborsโ€™ Shor & Chamor. Why did the Torah limit those 2 animals? Does that mean we can covet thy neighbors pet hampster, ect? Would have been more simple if the Torah stated Behaymah? What is the Torah cominโ€™ to teach us?? thank you
Answer
It is clear from the end of the Pasuk (verse) โ€œVโ€™chol Asher Lโ€™reechaโ€ (nor any thing that is thy neighborโ€™s - Shmot 20, 14) that the prohibition to covet applies to everything and is not limited to the things stated in the Pasuk. The Torah deliberately chose the order: house, wife, slave & maid, Shor (ox) & Chamor (donkey), in order to teach us the desired mode of behavior that the wise people will first buy a house then a wife then a slave & maid, and a ox & donkey to plow his field. In Mishneh Torah (Devarim 5, 17) the wife is mentioned first because the young men have a desire to first get married and then get a house or because coveting a wife is the bigger sin among them. [ืื‘ืŸ ืขื–ืจื ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžื” ืœืขืฉืจืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื› ื, ื•ืจืžื‘"ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ื› ื™ื’]. The expression โ€œShor Vโ€™Chamorโ€ usually symbolizes any animal not specifically a Shor or a Chamor, we find this expression in many Mitzvot: ๏‚ง In the prohibition of Lo Tachmod โ€“ โ€œLo Tachmod Beit Reiacha Lo Tachmod Eishet Reiachah Vโ€™avdo Vโ€™amato Vโ€™shoro Vโ€™chamoro Vโ€™chol Asher Lโ€™reechaโ€ (Thou shalt not covet thy neighborโ€™s house; thou shalt not covet thy neighborโ€™s wife, nor his slave, nor his maid, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor any thing that is thy neighborโ€™s - Shmot 20, 14). ๏‚ง In the Law of pit damage โ€“ โ€œVโ€™chi Yiftach Ish Bor O Ki Yichreh Ish Bor Vโ€™lo Yechasenu Vโ€™nafal Shamah Shor O Chamorโ€ (And if a man shall open a pit, or if a man shall dig a pit and not cover it, and an ox or an donkey fall therein - Shmot 21, 33). ๏‚ง In the Mitzvah of Hashavat Aveidah (returning a lost item) โ€“ โ€œKi Tifga Shor Oyivcha O Chamoro Toeh, Hashev Teshivenu Loโ€ (If thou meet thine enemy's ox or his donkey going astray, thou shalt surely bring it back to him - Shmot 23, 4). ๏‚ง In the Mitzvah of Shabbat โ€“ โ€œUโ€™vayom Hashviโ€™I Tishbot Lemaโ€™an Yanuach Shorcha Vโ€™chamorchaโ€ (but on the seventh day thou shalt rest; that thine ox and thine donkey may have rest - Shmot 23, 12) โ€œVโ€™yom Hashviโ€™i Shabbat Lโ€™Hashem Elokecha, Lo Taaseh Kol Melachah, Atah Uvincha Uvitecha Vโ€™avdecha Vโ€™amatecha, Vโ€™shorcha Vโ€™chamorcha Vโ€™chol Behemtechaโ€ (but the seventh day is a Sabbath unto the LORD thy God, in it thou shalt not do any manner of work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy slave, nor thy maid, nor thine ox, nor thine donkey , nor any of thy cattle - Devarim 5, 14). ๏‚ง In the prohibition of Kilayim โ€“ โ€œLo Tachrosh Bโ€™shor Uveโ€™chamor Yachdavโ€ (Thou shalt not plow with an ox and a donkey together - Devarim 22, 10). ๏‚ง In the prohibition of Chasimah โ€“ โ€œLo Tachsom Shor Bโ€™dishoโ€ (Thou shalt not muzzle the ox when he treadeth out the corn - Devarim 25, 4). The Mishnah in Bava Kama explains that the reason that Shor & Chamor are commonly used, is because the Torah talks about whatโ€™s commonly used, and the ox & donkey are commonly used, a ox for working in the field and a donkey for carrying loads. [ื‘"ืง ื ื“:]. Prohibition definitions: The Gemara says that it seems to people that Lo Tachmod is only without money(ื‘"ืž ื”:), meaning that people misunderstand and think that only if he does not pay for the object he commits Lo Tachmod, but if he pays money for the object he covets, then he is not committing Lo Tachmod. Nevertheless, the truth is, that he is committing Lo Tachmod when he pays for the object. It says in Mechilta Derashbi, Lo Tachmod and in the following it says Lo Titaveh (neither shalt thou desire - Devarim 5, 18) to make one guilty for desire in itself and for covet in itself. From where do we know that if one desires he will end up coveting, because it says Lo Titaveh and Lo Tachmod. From where do we know that if one covets he will end up robbing because it says Vโ€™chamdu Sadot Vโ€™gazalu (And they covet fields, and rob them โ€“ Michah 2, 2). Desire is in the heart, as it says Ki Teโ€™aveh Nafshecha (because your soul desires โ€“ Devarim 12, 20). And covet is in action, as it says Lo Tachmod Kesef Vโ€™Zahav Aleihem Vโ€™Lakachta Lach (thou shalt not covet the silver or the gold that is on them, nor take it unto thee โ€“ Devarim 7, 25). [ื’ื™ืจืกื ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื™ืœืชื ืžื•ื‘ืื™ืช ื‘ืกืคืจ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื”ืจืžื‘"ื ืœืจืž"ืž ื›ืฉืจ ืขืžื•ื“ ืฆื— ืื•ืช ืžื”, ื•ื‘ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืจืžื‘"ื ืžืฆื•ื” ืจืกื•, ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืฉ ืชื•ืจื” ืชืžื™ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืช ื› ื™ื“]. According to the Gemara and Mechilta it is ruled in the Rambam and Shulchan Aruch: One who covets his neighbors slave or maid or house or vessels or something that he can purchase from him, and then he sends to him many friends and he pleads of him persistently to sell it to him until he finally purchases it from him, is committing Lo Tachmod. One who desires his friends house or wife or vessels etc. once he thought in his heart how to buy this thing and he is tempted in his heart to do so, has committed the Lo Taaseh (a negative commandment) of Lo Titaveh, for Taavah (desire) is only in the heart. Desire leads to coveting and coveting leads to robbery. Because if the owners do not want to sell it to him even though he offers a lot of money and pleads persistently with friends, it will lead him to robbery as it says, Vโ€™chamdu Batim Vโ€™gazalu. And if the owners will resist him in order to save their money or prevent him from robbing it will lead him to bloodshed. Go and learn from Achav & Navotโ€™s incident. From this one learns that one who desires commits one Lav (a negative commandment) and one who buys something he desired through pleading from the owner persistently, commits two Lavโ€™s. Regarding this it says โ€œLo Tachmodโ€ and โ€œLo Titavehโ€. And if he robs he commits three Lavโ€™s. [ืจืžื‘"ื ืค"ื ืžื”ืœื›ื•ืช ื’ื–ืœื” ื•ืื‘ื“ื” ื”ืœื›ื” ื˜ โ€“ ื™ื‘, ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืจื•ืš ื—ื•"ืž ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉื ื˜ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื™ - ื™ื‘].
Ask a follow-up question
Popular Questions
Popular Questions
Recent Questions
Recent Questions
ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืคืกืชื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจ yeshiva.org.il